Template:Citation/doc

2015-12-22T11:17:05Z

122.248.132.54: /* Simple citation */

{{for2|the {{fake citation needed}} template|{{tl|citation needed}}}}
{{Documentation subpage}}

{{csdoc|lua|lua=yes}}

The '''Citation''' template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, patent, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used. As with other citation templates, this template can be used in a footnote (between {{tag|ref}} tags) or in a section that lists sources.

If the correct parameters are used, this template produces output identical to that of the Cite templates, such as {{Tl|Cite book}} and {{Tl|Cite web}}, with one important exception: By default, this Citation template uses commas in places where the Cite templates use periods (full stops) by default; either type of template can use periods (full stops) or commas by using an optional parameter. Also, this template by default generates anchors for [[Harvard reference]]s whereas the Cite templates do not (although they can be made to do so). Regardless of which or whether citation templates are used, citation form should be consistent throughout an article.

All parameter names must be [[lowercase]].

{{Citation
|publisher = Simon & Schuster
|isbn = 0671652508
|publication-place = New York
|title = Light from many lamps
|url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL2394022M/Light_from_many_lamps
|publication-date = 1988
|id = 0671652508
}}

==Full citation parameters==
These can be used for all types of publication except patents. All are optional and indentation is used simply to group related items — these may be mutually exclusive where indicated. Some hyphenated names can also be placed without hyphens.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| <pre>{{Citation
| author =
| last =
| first =
| author2 =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author-link =
| author2-link =
| author-separator =
| author-name-separator =
| author-mask =
| display-authors =
| editor =
| editor-last =
| editor-first =
| editor2 =
| editor2-last =
| editor2-first =
| editor-link =
| editor2-link =
| others =
| publication-date =
| date =
| year =
| origyear =
| title =
| chapter =
| chapter-url =
| chapter-format =
| contribution =
| contribution-url =
| type =
| journal =
| periodical =
| newspaper =
| magazine =
| work =
| edition =
| series =
| volume =
| issue =
| publisher =
| publication-place =
| place =
| language =
| page =
| pages =
| nopp =
| at =
| id =
| isbn =
| issn =
| oclc =
| pmid =
| pmc =
| bibcode =
| doi =
| doi_inactivedate =
| zbl =
| url =
| accessdate =
| format =
| archiveurl =
| archivedate =
| quote =
| layurl =
| laysource =
| laydate =
| separator = ,
| postscript =
| ref =
}}
</pre>
|}

==Parameters==
===Syntax===
{{csdoc|syntax|lua=yes}}

{{csdoc|sep_comma|lua=yes}}

===COinS===
{{csdoc|coins|lua=yes}}

===Deprecated===
{{csdoc|deprecated|lua=yes}}

===Description===
====Authors====
{{csdoc|author|lua=yes|coauthors=yes|others=yes}}

====Editors====
{{csdoc|editor|lua=yes}}

====Title====
{{csdoc|title|lua=yes|title_format=italics}}
{{csdoc|chapter|lua=yes}}
{{csdoc|type|lua=yes}}
{{csdoc|language|lua=yes}}

====Date====
{{csdoc|date|lua=yes}}

====Periodical====
{{csdoc|journal|lua=yes}}

====Publisher====
{{csdoc|publisher|lua=yes}}

====Edition, series, volume====
{{csdoc|edition|lua=yes}}
{{csdoc|series|lua=yes}}
{{csdoc|volume|lua=yes}}

====In-source locations====
{{csdoc|pages|lua=yes}}

====URL====
{{anchor|url}}{{csdoc|url}}

====Chapter URL====
{{anchor|chapterurl}}{{csdoc|chapterurl|lua=yes}}

====Anchor====
{{csdoc|ref2|lua=yes}}

====Identifiers====
{{anchor|id1}}{{csdoc|id1|lua=yes}}
{{anchor|id2}}{{csdoc|id2|lua=yes}}

====Quote====
{{csdoc|quote|lua=yes|cs2=yes}}

====Laysummary====
{{csdoc|lay|lua=yes}}

====Display options====
{{csdoc|display|lua=yes|cs2=yes}}

====Subscription or registration required====
{{csdoc|registration|lua=yes}}

==Examples==
===Books===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Three authors, a volume, and an edition. Ampersand (&) forced before final author's name.
| <pre>{{Citation
| last1 = Lincoln
| first1 = A.
| last2 = Washington
| first2 = G.
| last3 = Adams
| first3 = J.
| lastauthoramp = yes
| title = All the Presidents' Names
| publisher = The Pentagon
| place = Home Base, New York
| volume = XII
| edition = 2nd
| year = 2007
}}
</pre>
| {{Citation
| last1 = Lincoln
| first1 = A.
| last2 = Washington
| first2 = G.
| last3 = Adams
| first3 = J.
| lastauthoramp = yes
| title = All the Presidents' Names
| publisher = The Pentagon
| place = Home Base, New York
| volume = XII
| edition = 2nd
| year = 2007
}}
|}

===Web===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Web page
| <pre>{{Citation
| url = http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/
| title = NPS Focus
| work = National Register of Historic Places
| publisher = [[National Park Service]]
| accessdate = November 30, 2010
| ref = none
}}
</pre>
| {{Citation
| url = http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/
| title = NPS Focus
| work = National Register of Historic Places
| publisher = [[National Park Service]]
| accessdate = November 30, 2010
| ref = none
}}
|-
| Archived page
| <pre>{{Citation
| url = http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html
| title = Earth's Atmosphere
| accessdate = October 25, 2007
| publisher = [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]
| year = 1995
| author = NASA
| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http://
liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html
| archivedate = October 13, 2007
}}
</pre>
| {{Citation | url = http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html | title = Earth's Atmosphere | accessdate = October 25, 2007 | publisher = [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] | year = 1995 | author = NASA | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html | archivedate = October 13, 2007}}
|}

===Journals, newspapers, magazines, or other periodicals===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Journal article
| <pre>{{Citation
| last = Hill
| first = Marvin S.
| title = Joseph Smith and the 1826
Trial: New Evidence and New
Difficulties
| journal = BYU Studies
| volume = 12
| issue = 2
| year = 1976
| pages = 1–8
| url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf
}}
</pre>
| {{Citation
| last = Hill
| first = Marvin S.
| title = Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties
| journal = BYU Studies
| volume = 12
| issue = 2
| year = 1976
| pages = 1–8
| url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf
}}
|-
| Journal article with multiple authors and identifier
| <pre>{{Citation
| last1 = Mandelkern
| first1 = M,
| last2 = Elias
| first2 = J,
| last3 = Eden
| first3 = D,
| last4 = Crothers
| first4 = D
| display-authors = 2
| title = The dimensions of DNA in solution
| journal = J Mol Biol
| volume = 152
| issue = 1
| pages = 153–161
| year = 1981
| pmid = 7338906
| doi = 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1
}}
</pre>
| {{Citation
| last1 = Mandelkern
| first1 = M,
| last2 = Elias
| first2 = J,
| last3 = Eden
| first3 = D,
| last4 = Crothers
| first4 = D
| display-authors = 2
| title = The dimensions of DNA in solution
| journal = J Mol Biol
| volume = 152
| issue = 1
| pages = 153–161
| year = 1981
| pmid = 7338906
| doi = 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1
}}
|-
| Newspaper article
| <pre>{{Citation
| last = Smith
| first = Joseph III
| author-link = Joseph Smith III
| title = Last Testimony of Sister Emma
| newspaper = The Saints' Herald
| publication-place = Plano, IL
| volume = 26
| issue = 19
| date = October 1, 1879

| page = 289
| url = http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/
IL/sain1872.htm#100179
}}
</pre>
| {{Citation
| last = Smith
| first = Joseph III
| author-link = Joseph Smith III
| title = Last Testimony of Sister Emma
| newspaper = The Saints' Herald
| publication-place = Plano, IL
| volume = 26
| issue = 19
| date = October 1, 1879

| page = 289
| url = http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/IL/sain1872.htm#100179
}}
|-
| Conference paper
| <pre>{{Citation
| last = Sullivan
| first = D.B.
| contribution = Time and frequency measurement
at NIST: The first 100 years
| year = 2001
| title = 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp.
| publisher = National Institute of Standards and Technology
| contribution-url = http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf
| chapter-format = PDF
}}
</pre>
| {{Citation
| last = Sullivan
| first = D.B.
| contribution = Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years
| year = 2001
| title = 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp.
| publisher = National Institute of Standards and Technology
| contribution-url = http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf
| chapter-format = PDF}}
|}

===Parts of books, including encyclopedia articles===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Manuscript published in an edited compilation
|<pre>{{Citation
| last = Bidamon
| first = Emma Smith
| author-link = Emma Hale Smith
| chapter = Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim
| date = March 27, 1876

| editor-last = Vogel
| editor-first = Dan
| title = Early Mormon Documents
| volume = 1
| publisher = Signature Books
| publication-date = 1996
| isbn = 1-56085-072-8
}}
</pre>
| {{Citation
| last = Bidamon
| first = Emma Smith
| author-link = Emma Hale Smith
| chapter = Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim
| date = March 27, 1876

| editor-last = Vogel
| editor-first = Dan
| title = Early Mormon Documents
| volume = 1
| publisher = Signature Books
| publication-date = 1996
| isbn = 1-56085-072-8
}}
|-
| Work with an editor but no author
| <pre>{{Citation
| editor-last = Vogel
| editor-first = Dan
| title = Early Mormon Documents
| volume = 1
| publisher = Signature Books
| publication-date = 1996
| isbn = 1-56085-072-8
}}
</pre>
| {{Citation
| editor-last = Vogel
| editor-first = Dan
| title = Early Mormon Documents
| volume = 1
| publisher = Signature Books
| publication-date = 1996
| isbn = 1-56085-072-8
}}
|-
| Encyclopedia article by a named author
| <pre>{{Citation
| last = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link = Martin Kramer
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| publication-date = 1999
| contribution-url = http://www.geocities.com/
martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
}}
</pre>
| {{Citation
| last = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link = Martin Kramer
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| publication-date = 1999
| contribution-url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
}}
|-
| Encyclopedia article with no named author
| <pre>{{Citation
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians
and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| year = 1999
| contribution-url = http://www.geocities.com/
martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
}}
</pre>
| {{Citation
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| year = 1999
| contribution-url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
}}
|}

===Republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Manuscript edited and published in a journal
| <pre>{{Citation
| last = Knight
| first = Joseph, Sr.
| year = 1833
| editor-last = Jessee
| editor-first = Dean
| title = Joseph Knight's Recollection
of Early Mormon History
| journal = BYU Studies
| volume = 17
| issue = 1
| publication-date = 1976
| page = 35
| url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf
}}</pre>
| {{Citation
| last = Knight
| first = Joseph, Sr.
| year = 1833
| editor-last = Jessee
| editor-first = Dean
| title = Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History
| journal = BYU Studies
| volume = 17
| issue = 1
| publication-date = 1976
| page = 35
| url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf
}}
|-
| Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor.
| <pre>{{Citation
| last = Klingensmith
| first = Philip
| type = Affidavit
| date = September 5, 1872
| place = Lincoln County, Nevada
| title = Mountain Meadows Massacre
| editor-last = Toohy
| editor-first = Dennis J.
| journal = Corinne Daily Reporter
| publication-date = September 24, 1872
| publication-place = Corinne, Utah
| volume = 5
| issue = 252
| page = 1
| url = http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359
}}
</pre>
| {{Citation
| last = Klingensmith
| first = Philip
| type = Affidavit
| date = September 5, 1872
| place = Lincoln County, Nevada
| title = Mountain Meadows Massacre
| editor-last = Toohy
| editor-first = Dennis J.
| journal = Corinne Daily Reporter
| publication-date = September 24, 1872
| publication-place = Corinne, Utah
| volume = 5
| issue = 252
| page = 1
| url = http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359
}}
|}

===Press release===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Press release with quotation
| <pre>{{Citation
| url = http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html
| title = Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day
| publisher = Apple Inc
| accessdate = April 10, 2010
| quote = in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3
| ref = none}}
</pre>
| {{Citation
| url = http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html
| title = Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day
| publisher = Apple Inc
| accessdate = April 10, 2010
| quote = in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3
| ref = none}}
|}

==Citing patents==
===Parameters (all are optional)===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| <pre>{{Citation
| inventor-last =
| inventor-first =
| inventorlink =
| inventor2-last =
| inventor2-first =
| inventorlink2 =
| publication-date =
| issue-date =
| title =
| country-code =
| description =
| patent-number =
| ref =
}}</pre>
|
* '''inventor-last''' (or '''inventor1-last'''): The inventor's surname or last name.
* '''inventor-first''' (or '''inventor1-first'''): The inventor's first or given name(s).
* '''inventorlink''' (or '''inventorlink1'''): Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the first inventor.
* '''inventor2-last''', '''inventor3-last''', '''inventor4-last''': The second, third, and fourth authors' surname or last name, if applicable.
* '''inventor2-first''', '''inventor3-first''', '''inventor4-first''': The second, third, and fourth inventors' first or given name(s), if applicable.
* '''inventorlink2''', '''inventorlink3''', '''inventorlink4''': Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the second, third, and fourth inventor, if applicable.
* '''publication-date''': Date of publication or filing.
* '''issue-date''' (or '''date'''): Date patent was issued by patent agency.
* '''title''': Title of the patent. If the title includes [square brackets], these must be encoded as "<code>&#91;</code>" for "[" and "<code>&#93;</code>" for "]"
* '''country-code''': [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2|Two-letter abbreviation]] of the country issuing the patent.
* '''description''': Type of patent; shown between country code and number.
* '''patent-number''': The number of the patent.
* '''ref''': Anchor id.
|}

===Examples===
{| class="wikitable"
| United States patent with multiple inventors
| <pre>{{Citation
| inventor1-last = Degermark
| inventor1-first = Mikael
| inventor2-last = Brodnik
| inventor2-first = Andrej
| inventor3-last = Carlsson
| inventor3-first = Svante
| inventor4-last = Pink
| inventor4-first = Stephen
| title = Fast routing lookup system
using complete prefix tree, bit vector,
and pointers in a routing table for
determining where to route IP datagrams
| issue-date = 2001
| patent-number = 6266706
| country-code = US}}
</pre>
| {{Citation
| inventor1-first = Mikael | inventor1-last = Degermark
| inventor2-first = Andrej | inventor2-last = Brodnik
| inventor3-first = Svante | inventor3-last = Carlsson
| inventor4-first = Stephen | inventor4-last = Pink
| title = Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams
| issue-date = 2001
| patent-number = 6266706
| country-code = US}}
|}

==Anchored citations==
This template can generate a citation that can be combined with [[WP:CITESHORT|shortened footnotes]] or [[Wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing|parenthetical referencing]]. It does this by creating an [[HTML element#Anchor|HTML anchor]] containing an ID. The special parameter {{para|ref|harv}} generates an ID suitable for [[Harvard referencing]] templates such as {{tl|harv}} as specified in the next section; this is the default for the {{tl|citation}} template. To disable anchor generation, specify {{para|ref|none}} (in contrast, other Cite templates such as {{tl|cite book}} and {{tl|cite news}} do not create an anchor by default). You can also specify the ID directly, using the {{para|ref|<var>ID</var>}} parameter. For example, suppose an article's ''References'' section contains the markup:
* <code><nowiki>{{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |year=1930 |ref=CivDis}}</nowiki></code>
which generates the citation:
* {{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |year=1930 |ref=CivDis}}
Then, the markup "<code><nowiki>([[#CivDis|Freud 1930]])</nowiki></code>" generates a parenthetical reference "([[#CivDis|Freud 1930]])" containing a wikilink to the citation (try clicking on the wikilink).

===Anchors for Harvard referencing templates===
IDs compatible with Harvard referencing templates such as {{tl|harv}} are computed from the last names of the authors and the year of the cited source. For example, the markup "<code><nowiki>{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</nowiki></code>" generates the Harvard reference "{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}", which wikilinks to the citation whose markup and appearance are shown below:
* <code><nowiki>{{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R. H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |year=1851 |oclc=59510372}}</nowiki></code>
* {{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R. H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |year=1851 |oclc=59510372}}
In this example the {{tl|citation}} template defines, and the {{tl|harv}} template uses, the HTML ID "<code>CITEREFWrightEvans1851</code>", composed by concatenating the string "<code>CITEREF</code>" with the last names of the authors and the year. The {{tl|harvid}} template can be used to generate such IDs, for example, <code><nowiki>{{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}}</nowiki></code> generates "<code>{{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}}</code>".

Related methods which leave only a number in the text are to use the {{tl|harvnb}} template enclosed in the <nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki> html code, or to use the {{tl|sfn}} template alone. The example above would be <code><nowiki><ref>{{harvnb|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</ref></nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{sfn|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</nowiki></code> both of which generate a footnote, such as
:17. {{harvnb|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}

The names of only the first four authors are used; other author names are not concatenated to the ID. If no author names are given, editor names are used instead. For [[#Citing patents|patents]], inventor names are used instead of authors or editors. If these names are not given, this template does not generate an anchor.

Last names are used, as specified by the parameters {{para|last1}} (or {{para|last}}), {{para|last2}}, {{para|last3}}, and {{para|last4}}, and similarly for {{para|editor1-last}} etc. and for {{para|inventor1-last}} etc. If a full name is given but no last name is specified, this template falls back on the full name, but this usage is not recommended. For example, in "<code><nowiki>{{Citation | author = Sigmund Freud | title = The Ego and the Id | year = 1923}}</nowiki></code>" no last name is given, so this citation cannot be combined with the Harvard reference "<code><nowiki>{{harv|Freud|1923}}</nowiki></code>". To make these {{tl|citation}} and {{tl|harv}} invocations compatible, either replace "{{para|author|Sigmund Freud}}" with "{{para|first|Sigmund}} {{para|last|Freud}}", or add "{{para|ref|<nowiki>{{harvid|Freud|1923}}</nowiki>}}" to the {{tl|citation}} invocation, or add the same ref parameter (say, "{{para|ref|EgoId}}") to both the {{tl|citation}} and the {{tl|harv}} invocations.

Similarly, the year is used, as specified by {{para|year}}. If no year is given, this template attempts to derive the year from {{para|date}} (or, if no date is given, from {{para|publication-date}}) by applying the [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##time|MediaWiki#time function]]. This heuristic works with many common date formats (American, International and [[ISO 8601#Calendar dates|ISO 8601 standard format]] YYYY-MM-DD as listed in [[WP:MOS]]), but may not work as expected with other formats, so when in doubt it may be safer to use {{para|year}}. Note that if only a year, say 2005, is known you must use {{para|year|2005}} rather than {{para|date|2005}}.

===IDs must be unique===
Names, years, and hand-specified IDs must be chosen so that the IDs are unique within a page; otherwise the HTML will not conform to the W3C standards, and any references to the citations will not work reliably. For example, suppose a page contains the following two citations with {{tl|harv}}-compatible IDs:
* {{Citation |last1=Montes |first1=G. |last2=Halterman |first2=J. S. |year=2008a |journal=Pediatrics |volume=121 |issue=4 |pages=e821–e826 |title=Association of Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders and Loss of Family Income |doi=10.1542/peds.2007-1594 |pmid=18381511 |url= http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/121/4/e821 }}
* {{Citation |last1=Montes |first1=G. |last2=Halterman |first2=J. S. |year=2008b |journal=Pediatrics |volume=122 |issue=1 |pages=e202–e208 |title=Child Care Problems and Employment Among Families with Preschool-aged Children with Autism in the United States |doi=10.1542/peds.2007-3037 |pmid=18595965 |url= http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/122/1/e202 }}

If these citations were altered to say "2008" rather than "2008a" and "2008b", the resulting page would not work, because the two different citations would both attempt to use the ID "<code>CITEREFMontesHalterman2008</code>". To avoid this problem, distinguish the citations by appending suffixes to the years, e.g. "{{para|year|2008a}}" and "{{para|year|2008b}}", as was done above. Any Harvard references to these citations should use years with the same suffixes.

It is good practice to verify that a page does not contain duplicate IDs by using the [[W3C Markup Validation Service]]; see ''[[#External links|External links]]''.

==Dates==
{{Reflist|group="n"|refs=<ref name="dates" group="n">The format of dates in the references of an article should use consistent and unambiguous styles. Example formats used in Wikipedia citations include:
* ''2009''
* ''2009-09-14'' ([[ISO 8601#Calendar dates|ISO 8601 standard format]]: YYYY-MM-DD)
* ''14 September 2009''
* ''September 14, 2009'' (with comma)
* ''September 2009''

Dates should not be linked in references.

Please see ''[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers)#Dates]]'' for more guidance about formatting dates.
</ref>}}

==Tools==
See [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#Citation templates and tools]] for a list of tools that can help create a reference in the "citation" format.

==Template Data==
{{notice|This template data section needs to be edited. It includes deprecated parameters and does not include parameters that were added in the Lua updates. It also includes a mix of patent and non-patent parameters.}}

{{TemplateDataHeader}}
<templatedata>
{
"description": "The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, patent, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.",
"params": {
"last": {
"label": "author surname",
"type": "string",
"description": "surname of the author of the cited material"
},
"first": {
"label": "author given name",
"type": "string",
"description": "given name (first name) of the author of the cited material"
},
"title": {
"label": "title of source",
"type": "string",
"description": "Title of source; displays in italics."
},
"date": {
"label": "date of source",
"type": "string",
"description": "Full date of source being referenced in the same format as other publication dates in the citations.[1] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher."
},
"url": {
"label": "url of source",
"type": "string",
"description": "URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found."
},
"1": {
"label": "1",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"2": {
"label": "2",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"3": {
"label": "3",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor-surname": {
"label": "inventor-surname",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor1-surname": {
"label": "inventor1-surname",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor-last": {
"label": "inventor-last",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor1-last": {
"label": "inventor1-last",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor": {
"label": "inventor",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"invent1": {
"label": "invent1",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"invent-1": {
"label": "invent-1",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"country-code": {
"label": "country-code",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor2-surname": {
"label": "inventor2-surname",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor2-last": {
"label": "inventor2-last",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor2": {
"label": "inventor2",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"invent2": {
"label": "invent2",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor3-surname": {
"label": "inventor3-surname",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor3-last": {
"label": "inventor3-last",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor3": {
"label": "inventor3",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"invent3": {
"label": "invent3",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor4-surname": {
"label": "inventor4-surname",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor4-last": {
"label": "inventor4-last",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor4": {
"label": "inventor4",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"invent4": {
"label": "invent4",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor-given": {
"label": "inventor-given",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor1-given": {
"label": "inventor1-given",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor-first": {
"label": "inventor-first",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor1-first": {
"label": "inventor1-first",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor2-given": {
"label": "inventor2-given",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor2-first": {
"label": "inventor2-first",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor3-given": {
"label": "inventor3-given",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor3-first": {
"label": "inventor3-first",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor4-given": {
"label": "inventor4-given",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventor4-first": {
"label": "inventor4-first",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventorlink1": {
"label": "inventorlink1",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventorlink": {
"label": "inventorlink",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventorlink2": {
"label": "inventorlink2",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventorlink3": {
"label": "inventorlink3",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"inventorlink4": {
"label": "inventorlink4",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"country": {
"label": "country",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"publication-number": {
"label": "publication-number",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"patent-number": {
"label": "patent-number",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"number": {
"label": "number",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"description": {
"label": "description",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"status": {
"label": "status",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"publication-date": {
"label": "publication-date",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"pubdate": {
"label": "pubdate",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"issue-date": {
"label": "issue-date",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"gdate": {
"label": "gdate",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"year": {
"label": "year",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"fdate": {
"label": "fdate",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"pridate": {
"label": "pridate",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"assign1": {
"label": "assign1",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"assign2": {
"label": "assign2",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"ref": {
"label": "ref",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"separator": {
"label": "separator",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"separator": {
"label": "separator",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"quote": {
"label": "quote",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"postscript": {
"label": "postscript",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author-separator": {
"label": "author-separator",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author-mask": {
"label": "author-mask",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"authormask": {
"label": "authormask",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"surname": {
"label": "surname",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"last1": {
"label": "last1",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"surname1": {
"label": "surname1",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author1": {
"label": "author1",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author": {
"label": "author",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"authors": {
"label": "authors",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"last2": {
"label": "last2",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"surname2": {
"label": "surname2",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author2": {
"label": "author2",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"last3": {
"label": "last3",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"surname3": {
"label": "surname3",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author3": {
"label": "author3",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"last4": {
"label": "last4",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"surname4": {
"label": "surname4",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author4": {
"label": "author4",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"last5": {
"label": "last5",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"surname5": {
"label": "surname5",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author5": {
"label": "author5",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"last6": {
"label": "last6",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"surname6": {
"label": "surname6",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author6": {
"label": "author6",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"last7": {
"label": "last7",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"surname7": {
"label": "surname7",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author7": {
"label": "author7",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"last8": {
"label": "last8",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"surname8": {
"label": "surname8",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author8": {
"label": "author8",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"last9": {
"label": "last9",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"surname9": {
"label": "surname9",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author9": {
"label": "author9",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"first1": {
"label": "first1",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"given1": {
"label": "given1",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"given": {
"label": "given",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"first2": {
"label": "first2",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"given2": {
"label": "given2",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"first3": {
"label": "first3",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"given3": {
"label": "given3",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"first4": {
"label": "first4",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"given4": {
"label": "given4",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"first5": {
"label": "first5",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"given5": {
"label": "given5",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"first6": {
"label": "first6",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"given6": {
"label": "given6",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"first7": {
"label": "first7",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"given7": {
"label": "given7",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"first8": {
"label": "first8",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"given8": {
"label": "given8",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"first9": {
"label": "first9",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"given9": {
"label": "given9",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author-link": {
"label": "author-link",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author1-link": {
"label": "author1-link",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"authorlink": {
"label": "authorlink",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"authorlink1": {
"label": "authorlink1",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author2-link": {
"label": "author2-link",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"authorlink2": {
"label": "authorlink2",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author3-link": {
"label": "author3-link",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"authorlink3": {
"label": "authorlink3",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author4-link": {
"label": "author4-link",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"authorlink4": {
"label": "authorlink4",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author5-link": {
"label": "author5-link",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"authorlink5": {
"label": "authorlink5",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author6-link": {
"label": "author6-link",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"authorlink6": {
"label": "authorlink6",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author7-link": {
"label": "author7-link",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"authorlink7": {
"label": "authorlink7",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author8-link": {
"label": "author8-link",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"authorlink8": {
"label": "authorlink8",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"author9-link": {
"label": "author9-link",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"authorlink9": {
"label": "authorlink9",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"coauthor": {
"label": "coauthor",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"coauthors": {
"label": "coauthors",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"origyear": {
"label": "origyear",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"month": {
"label": "month",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"trans_chapter": {
"label": "trans_chapter",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"trans_title": {
"label": "trans_title",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"type": {
"label": "type",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"archiveurl": {
"label": "archiveurl",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"deadurl": {
"label": "deadurl",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"series": {
"label": "series",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"version": {
"label": "version",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"journal": {
"label": "journal",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"periodical": {
"label": "periodical",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"newspaper": {
"label": "newspaper",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"magazine": {
"label": "magazine",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"work": {
"label": "work",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"volume": {
"label": "volume",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"issue": {
"label": "issue",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"pages": {
"label": "pages",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"page": {
"label": "page",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"at": {
"label": "at",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"nopp": {
"label": "nopp",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"chapter": {
"label": "chapter",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"contribution": {
"label": "contribution",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"chapter-url": {
"label": "chapter-url",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"chapterurl": {
"label": "chapterurl",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"contribution-url": {
"label": "contribution-url",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"chapter-format": {
"label": "chapter-format",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"others": {
"label": "others",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"edition": {
"label": "edition",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"place": {
"label": "place",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"location": {
"label": "location",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"publication-place": {
"label": "publication-place",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"publisher": {
"label": "publisher",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor-last": {
"label": "editor-last",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor-surname": {
"label": "editor-surname",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor1-last": {
"label": "editor1-last",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor1-surname": {
"label": "editor1-surname",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor1": {
"label": "editor1",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor": {
"label": "editor",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editors": {
"label": "editors",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor2-last": {
"label": "editor2-last",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor2-surname": {
"label": "editor2-surname",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor2": {
"label": "editor2",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor3-last": {
"label": "editor3-last",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor3-surname": {
"label": "editor3-surname",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor3": {
"label": "editor3",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor4-last": {
"label": "editor4-last",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor4-surname": {
"label": "editor4-surname",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor4": {
"label": "editor4",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor-first": {
"label": "editor-first",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor-given": {
"label": "editor-given",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor1-first": {
"label": "editor1-first",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor1-given": {
"label": "editor1-given",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor2-first": {
"label": "editor2-first",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor2-given": {
"label": "editor2-given",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor3-first": {
"label": "editor3-first",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor3-given": {
"label": "editor3-given",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor4-first": {
"label": "editor4-first",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor4-given": {
"label": "editor4-given",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor-link": {
"label": "editor-link",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor1-link": {
"label": "editor1-link",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor2-link": {
"label": "editor2-link",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor3-link": {
"label": "editor3-link",
"description": "",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"editor4-link": {
"label": "editor4-link",
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{{UF-COinS}}

{{Wikipedia referencing}}
<includeonly>
[[Category:Citation Style 2 templates]]
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All Skies Encyclopaedia - User contributions [en]

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