All Skies Encyclopaedia - User contributions [en]

http://210.45.112.182:8088/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Rolandlaffitte All Skies Encyclopaedia - User contributions [en] 2026-07-12T18:43:41Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.45.1 http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Ainalrami&diff=47246 Ainalrami 2026-07-07T11:30:02Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> [[File:Ainalrami profileCard SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg|thumb|Ainalrami - profile card (CC BY Sadegh Faghanpour for IAU-WGSN).]]<br /> Ainalrami ('''عين الرامي''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 92761 (ν<sup>1</sup> Sgr, HR 7116) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> [[File:Ainalrami stickfigure SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg|thumb|Ainalrami - stickfigure (CC BY Sadegh Faghanpour for IAU-WGSN).]]<br /> [[File:Sgr_RL2025.png|thumb|Sagittarius with Arabic star names (CC BY Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> Arabic عين الرامي ʽain al-rāmī (simplified Ainalrami) means The Eye of the Archer. It originates from Arabic Almagest translations.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025): <blockquote>Apparu récemment, soit au début du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, et à présent retenu par l’UAI, ce nom est l’arabe ''<sup>c</sup>Ayn al-Rāmī'', « l’Œil du Sagittaire », donné de façon tardive dans le cadre du ciel gréco-arabe. Ar. ''<sup>c</sup>Ayn al-Rāmī'', Uluġ Bēg > lat. ''‘Aïn AlRâmi’'', Hyde, ''Ain er-Râmî'', Bode ''via'' Lach, puis Allen. Fr. ''Aïn'', Benhamouda. Var. ''Ain al Rami I'' et ''II'' p/ ''ν<sup>1</sup>'' et ''ν<sup>2</sup> Sgr,'' Rhoads, Hoffleit p/ ''ν Sgr, Simbad'' et UAI p/ ''γ<sup>1</sup> Sgr'', seul ; ''Ain al Rami'', not. ''Wiki/en''.</blockquote> <br /> <br /> English: <blockquote>This name, which appeared recently—at the beginning of the 20th century—and is now recognized by the UAI, is the Arabic cAyn al-Rāmī, “the Eye of Sagittarius,” a designation applied belatedly within the Greco-Arabic celestial system. Ar. cAyn al-Rāmī, Uluġ Bēg > Lat. ‘Aïn AlRâmi’, Hyde, Ain er-Râmî, Bode via Lach, then Allen. Fr. Aïn, Benhamouda. Var. Ain al Rami I and II for ν1 and ν2 in Sagittarius, Rhoads, Hoffleit for ν in Sagittarius, Simbad and UAI for γ1 in Sagittarius, alone; Ain al Rami, notably on Wiki/en.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2017/09/05. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * --<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Albaldah&diff=47245 Albaldah 2026-07-07T11:29:44Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Albaldah ('''البلدة''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 94141 (π Sgr, HR 7264) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> [[File:Rukbat RL2025.png|thumb|Albaldah (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> The name of the 21st Arabic lunar station, البلدة, Al-Baldah (The empty area), designates a starless region between ζ Sgr and α Cap; the star π Sgr is at its northern edge and was wrongly attributed with this name by Allen (1899, 359).<br /> Roland Laffitte (2025): <blockquote>Introduit au début du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, et aujourd’hui approuvé par l’UAI, c’est l’arabe ''al-Balda'', soit « le Lieu [vide] », situé au-dessous de la ''Tête du Sagittaire'', nom de la XXI<sup>e</sup> station lunaire avant d’être affecté à ''π Sgr''. Ar. : Mālik b. Anas, Ibn Qutayba, lat. ''’Abelda’'' et ''‘Albelda’'', Alchandre. Bien plus tard, not. al-Tīzīnī > ''‘Al Beldah’'', Hyde, ''‘El-Belda’'', Ideler, ''‘Al Balda’''. Fr. ''Albaldah'', BdL (1908).)''.'' Ar. : Mālik b. Anas, Ibn Qutayba, not. Al-Tīzīnī > ''‘Al Baldah’'', Allen > fr. ''Albaldah'', BdL (1908), Nit. 02, mais ''Al Baldah'', Rhoads, etc., ''Simbad'', UAI.</blockquote><blockquote>AUTRE NOM : '''''Nayyir al-Balda'''''. Ar. نيّرالبلدة ''Nayyir al-Balda'', « la Brillante du Lieu [vide] », al-Aḫsāsī, > ''‘Nir al Beldat''’ c/ Knobel. Aussi : ''Alnair'', Allen > Staal < ''Nayyir al-Balda'', « la Brillante du Lieu [vide] », al-Aḫsāsī, ''‘Nir al Beldat''’, Knobel, qui devient ''‘Al Nā’ir’'' c/ Allen > ''Al Nair'', Staal, Nit. 02, ''Nir el Beldat'', ''Wiki.''</blockquote><blockquote>AUTRES NOMS : '''''Alsadira''''' ''Secunda''. Ar. الصادرة [النعايم]. Cette étoile fait partie du groupe ''ζστφ'' ''Sgr''; pour les explications, se reporter à ''φ Sgr'' . Pour ''ς Sgr'', nous avons, ''via'' M. A. Sédillot, ''Aldadira'' ''Secunda'', BdL (1908), ''via'' Knobel, ''‘Thani al Sadirah – Secunda τῶν Al Sadirah’'' (p/ ''ϕ Sgr''). Auj. ''Awal al Sadira'', ''Sadira'', ''Wiki''. NB. : ''Alnam'', soit l’ar. ''al-Na<sup>c</sup>ām'', « les Autruches », p/ ''μ Sgr'', Rhoads, sans suite. NB : on trouve ''Nam al Sadira III'' et ''IV'' p/ χ<sup>1</sup> et χ''<sup>2</sup> Sgr'' c/ Rhoads. Var. ''Al Sadira'' Schweiger-Lerchenfeld p/ ''σ Sgr'', ''Sadira'', Rumrill, Hoffleit. Nit. 01. </blockquote><br /> <br /> <br /> English:<blockquote>Introduced in the early 20th century and now approved by the UAI, this is the Arabic term al-Balda, meaning “the [empty] Place,” located below the Head of Sagittarius; it was the name of the 21st lunar station before being assigned to π Sgr. Ar.: Mālik b. Anas, Ibn Qutayba; Lat. ’Abelda’ and ‘Albelda’, Alchandre. Much later, notably al-Tīzīnī > ‘Al Beldah’, Hyde, ‘El-Belda’, Ideler, ‘Al Balda’. Fr. Albaldah, BdL (1908).). Arabic: Mālik b. Anas, Ibn Qutayba, notably Al-Tīzīnī > ‘Al Baldah’, Allen > French Albaldah, BdL (1908), Nit. 02, but Al Baldah, Rhoads, etc., Simbad, UAI.</blockquote><blockquote>ALTERNATIVE NAME: Nayyir al-Balda. Arabic: نيّرالبلدة Nayyir al-Balda, “the Bright One of the [Empty] Place,” al-Aḫsāsī, > ‘Nir al Beldat’ according to Knobel. Also: Alnair, Allen > Staal < Nayyir al-Balda, “the Bright One of the [Empty] Place,” al-Aḫsāsī, ‘Nir al Beldat’, Knobel, which becomes ‘Al Nā’ir’ c/ Allen > Al Nair, Staal, Nit. 02, Nir el Beldat, Wiki.</blockquote><blockquote>OTHER NAMES: Alsadira Secunda. Ar. الصادرة [النعايم]. This star is part of the ζστφ Sgr group; for explanations, see φ Sgr. For ς Sgr, we have, via M. A. Sédillot, Aldadira Secunda, BdL (1908), via Knobel, ‘Thani al Sadirah – Secunda τῶν Al Sadirah’ (for ϕ Sgr). Currently: Awal al Sadira, Sadira, Wiki. NB: Alnam, i.e., the Arabic al-Nacām, “the Ostriches,” for μ Sgr, Rhoads, no further details. NB: Nam al Sadira III and IV are found for χ1 and χ2 Sgr according to Rhoads. Var. Al Sadira Schweiger-Lerchenfeld for σ Sgr, Sadira, Rumrill, Hoffleit. Nit. 01.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2017/09/05. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * --<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]] [[Category:Modern]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Rukbat&diff=47244 Rukbat 2026-07-07T11:28:08Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Rukbat}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Rukbat ( '''ركبة الرامي''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 95347 (α Sgr, HR 7348) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Applied in recent times from an abbreviation of its sci-A name rukbat al-rami, "the Archer's Knee".<br /> [[File:Rukbat RL2025.png|thumb|''al-Na<sup>c</sup>ā’im'', « les Autruches », et ''al-Ṣurādān,'' « les Deux Sourads », ''les'' (RL)for Rukbat (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Sgr_RL2025.png|thumb|Sagittarius with Arabic star names (CC BY Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> Roland Laffitte (2025):<blockquote>Introduit sous cette forme moderne au XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, ce nom, aujourd’hui proposé par l’UAI, est le premier terme du nom arabe ''Rukbat al-Rāmī'', « le Genou du Sagittaire », dans le ciel que les astronomes arabes ont hérité des Grecs. Ar. ''Rukbat al-Rāmī'', al-Ṣūfī sur l’image, ms. St-Pétersbourg, ‘''Rucba AlRâmî'', Hyde, Allen > ''Rukbat'', Rumrill, fr. : Benhamouda, Rhoads, etc., ''Simbad'', UAI. </blockquote><blockquote>AUTRE NOM '':'' '''1. ''Rukbat al Rami.''''' Ar. ركبة ''Rukbat al-Rāmī'', « le Genou du Sagittaire ». Lat. très tôt : ''Racbat aram'', ''Tabl. Toléd.'', puis ‘''Ruchbah er-Râmih’'', Lach > ''Ruchbah er-Râmih'', Bode, puis Bloxam & Hall, Burritt ; ''Rukbah ur Rami'', Hoffleit, ''Rukbat al Rami'', Nit. 01. '''2. ''Alrami'''''<nowiki/>''.'' C’est الرامي ''al-Rāmī'', le nom de la constellation, ''‘AlRâmî’'', Hyde, ou alors le 2<sup>nd</sup> terme de ''Rukbat al-Rāmī'', d’où ''Al Rami'', Piazzi, ''Alrami'', Littrow, fr. : Tempesti (1983). Hoffleit, Nit. 01.</blockquote>English<blockquote>Introduced in this modern form in the 20th century, this name—now proposed by the IAU—is the first part of the Arabic name Rukbat al-Rāmī, “the Knee of Sagittarius,” in the sky that Arab astronomers inherited from the Greeks. Arabic: Rukbat al-Rāmī; al-Ṣūfī pictured; manuscript in St. Petersburg; ‘Rucba AlRâmî’; Hyde, Allen > Rukbat; Rumrill; French: Benhamouda, Rhoads, etc.; Simbad; IAU.</blockquote><blockquote>ALTERNATIVE NAME: 1. Rukbat al-Rami. Arabic: ركبة Rukbat al-Rāmī, “the Knee of Sagittarius.” Very early Latin: Racbat aram, Toledo Table, then ‘Ruchbah er-Râmih’, Lach > Ruchbah er-Râmih, Bode, then Bloxam & Hall, Burritt; Rukbah ur Rami, Hoffleit, Rukbat al Rami, Nit. 01. 2. Alrami. This is الرامي al-Rāmī, the name of the constellation, ‘AlRâmî’, Hyde, or the second term of Rukbat al-Rāmī, hence Al Rami, Piazzi, Alrami, Littrow, French: Tempesti (1983). Hoffleit, Nit. 01.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/07/20. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Ascella&diff=47243 Ascella 2026-07-07T11:27:49Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Ascella}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Ascella (إبط) is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Latin. It is the name of HIP 93506 (ζ Sgr, HR 7194) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Ascella is a Latin word meaning "armpit". Although it appeared in the 1515 Almagest, the name does not appear to have come into common usage until the 20th century after appearing as Ascella in Richard Hinckley Allen's "Star Names Their Lore and Meaning" (1899).<br /> [[File:Sgr_RL2025.png|thumb|Sagittarius with Arabic star names (CC BY Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025)<blockquote>Calque de l’arabe ''ibṭ'' employé dans l’''Almageste'' pour décrire la situation de cette étoile, il a vite été employé comme nom, et il est aujourd’hui approuvé par l’UAI. Gr. ''μασχάλη'' / ''maskhalē'', « aisselle », Ptolémée > ''ibṭ'', « idem », al-Ḥağğāğ > ‘''ascella’'', « idem », Gérard de Crémone ; ‘''axela’'', Bayer, d’où ''Ascella'', Allen, puis Rumrill, etc., ''Simbad'', UAI.</blockquote><blockquote>AUTRE NOM : '''''Alsadira''''' ''Tertia.'' Ar. الصادرة [النعايم] [''al-Na<sup>c</sup>ā’im''] ''al-Ṣādira'' p/ le goupe ''ζστφ'' ''Sgr'' ; pour les explications, se reporter à ''φ Sgr''. Quant à ''ζ Sgr'', nous avons, ''via'' M. A. Sédillot, ''Aldadira'' ''Tertia'', Benhamouda, mais abs. c/ Knobel. ''Thalith al Sadira'', ''Wiki.''</blockquote>English:<blockquote>A loanword from the Arabic ibṭ, used in the *Almagest* to describe the position of this star, it was quickly adopted as a name and is now approved by the IAU. Gr. μασχάλη / maskhalē, “armpit,” Ptolemy > ibṭ, “same,” al-Ḥağğāğ > ‘ascella’, “same,” Gerard of Cremona; ‘axela’, Bayer, hence Ascella, Allen, then Rumrill, etc., Simbad, IAU.</blockquote><blockquote>OTHER NAME: Alsadira Tertia. Arabic: الصادرة [النعايم] [al-Nacā’im] al-Ṣādira for the group ζστφ Sgr; for explanations, see φ Sgr. As for ζ Sgr, we have, via M. A. Sédillot, Aldadira Tertia, Benhamouda, but absent in Knobel. Thalith al Sadira, Wiki.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/09/12. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Ptolemaeus. (1515). Almagestū Cl[audii] Ptolemei Pheludiensis Alexandrini Astronomo[rum] principis : opus ingens ac nobile omnes celorū motus continens ... Liechtenstein, Petrus. p.84.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Latin]] [[Category:European]][[Category:Modern]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Alnasl&diff=47242 Alnasl 2026-07-07T11:27:36Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Alnasl}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> <br /> Alnasl ('''النصل''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 88635 (γ<sup>2</sup> Sgr, HR 6746) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Applied in recent times from its late Arabic name al-nasl, "the Point", in turn an abbreviation of the Arabic Almagest's nasl al-sahm, "the Point of the Arrow".<br /> [[File:Sgr_RL2025.png|thumb|Sagittarius with Arabic star names (CC BY Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025): <blockquote>Introduit au début du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, et aujourd’hui retenu par l’UAI, c’est ''al-Naṣl'', « la Pointe [de la Flèche] ». Ar. ''al-Naṣl'', al-Tīzīnī > ''‘El-nasl’'', Ideler, ''‘Al Naṣl''’, Allen. ''Alnasl'', BdL (1908), Rhoads, etc., ''Simbad'', UAI. Var. ''Al Nasl'', Hoffleit, Nit. 01.</blockquote><blockquote>AUTRES NOMS '':'' '''1. ''Zujj al Nushshaba'''''. Ar''.''النشّابة زجّ ''Zuğğ al-Nuššāba'', « le Fer de la Flèche », plus précisément la flèche de bois utilisée par les Persans. Lat. ''‘Zugj AlNushaba’'', Hyde, ce qui donne ''Zudsch el-nûschaba'' c/ Bode, d’où ‘''Zujj al Nushshāba’'', Allen. Puis Hoffleit, Nit. 01. '''2. ''Nushaba'''''. C’est de la même transcription que précédemment que Piazzi a tiré ce nom raccourci, puis fr. : Coulier. Hoffleit, Nit. 01. '''3. ''Alwarida''''' ''Prima''. Ar. الواردة [النعايم] [''al-Na<sup>c</sup>ā’im''] ''al-Wārida'' p/ le groupe ''γδεη Sgr'' ; se reporter à ''η Sgr'' pour les explications. Pour ce qui est plus particulièrement de ''γ Sgr'', nous avons ''Awwal al-Wārida'', al-Tīzīnī, ''‘Prima τῶν AlWârida’'', Hyde > ''El Waridah'', Bode ; ''El Keridab'' de façon fautive p/ Smith > Rumrill. Fr. : ''γ Sgr'' est ''Alwarida'' ''Prima'' c/ Benhamouda via M. A. Sédillot ; d’un autre côté ''‘Aoul al-Warida – ‘Prima τῶν Al Warida’'', Knobel < al-Aḫsāsī. 4'''. ''Alwazl'''''. C’est l’ar. الوصل ''al-Waṣl'', « la Liaison », Abū Ḥanifa ''ap.'' al-Marzūqī, qui désigne l’espace vide situé après ''al-Na<sup>c</sup>ā’im'', mais faussement indiqué p/ ''λ Sgr'' par Assemani, comme le relève Ideler, mais ''‘Al Wasl’'', Allen, ''Alwazl'', Hoffleit, Nit. 01. </blockquote>English:<blockquote>Introduced in the early 20th century and now recognized by the IAU, it is al-Naṣl, “the Tip [of the Arrow].” Ar. al-Naṣl, al-Tīzīnī > ‘El-nasl’, Ideler, ‘Al Naṣl’, Allen. Alnasl, BdL (1908), Rhoads, etc., Simbad, IAU. Var. Al Nasl, Hoffleit, Nit. 01.</blockquote><blockquote>OTHER NAMES: 1. Zujj al Nushshaba. Arabic: النشّابة زجّ Zuğğ al-Nuššāba, “the Arrowhead,” more specifically the wooden arrow used by the Persians. Latin: ‘Zugj AlNushaba’, Hyde, which becomes Zudsch el-nûschaba according to Bode, hence ‘Zujj al Nushshāba’, Allen. Then Hoffleit, Nit. 01. 2. Nushaba. It is from the same transcription as above that Piazzi derived this shortened name, then Fr.: Coulier. Hoffleit, Nit. 01. 3. Alwarida Prima. Ar. الواردة [النعايم] [al-Nacā’im] al-Wārida via the γδεη Sgr group; see η Sgr for explanations. Specifically regarding γ Sgr, we have Awwal al-Wārida, al-Tīzīnī, “Prima τῶν AlWârida,” Hyde > El Waridah, Bode; El Keridab (erroneously) according to Smith > Rumrill. Fr.: γ Sgr is Alwarida Prima according to Benhamouda via M. A. Sédillot; on the other hand, ‘Aoul al-Warida – ‘Prima τῶν Al Warida’, Knobel < al-Aḫsāsī. 4. Alwazl. This is the Arabic الوصل al-Waṣl, “the Connection,” Abū Ḥanifa according to al-Marzūqī, which refers to the empty space following al-Nacā’im, but incorrectly indicated as λ Sgr by Assemani, as noted by Ideler; however, ‘Al Wasl’ is used by Allen, Alwazl by Hoffleit, and Nit. 01.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/08/21. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Kaus_Media&diff=47241 Kaus Media 2026-07-07T11:27:16Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kaus Media}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Kaus Media ('''القوس''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 89931 (δ Sgr, HR 6859) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Arbitrarily applied in recent times, together with the Latin distinctions of "middle", "southern", and "northern" (for λ Sgr), from the ind-A (and later sci-A) constellation name al-qaus, "the Bow". For the ind-Arabs, al-qaus was marked by the curved line of stars ξ<sup>2</sup>, o, π, d, ρ and υ Sgr (corresponding to what in other cultures was Sagittarius among the zodiacal signs). The sci-Arabs used the indigenous name for the Greeks' Archer, alternatively translated as al-rami.<br /> [[File:Sgr_RL2025.png|thumb|Sagittarius with Arabic star names (CC BY Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025): <blockquote>Piazzi introduisit ce nom pour les étoiles du ''Τόξος'' / ''Toksos'', l’« Arc » des astronomes grecs, constitué par le groupe ''δελ Sgr''. Il le fit comme pour les deux autres étoiles du groupe, dont les noms sont retenus par l’UAI. Il le fit à partir de la description de l’Arc dans la figure grecque, alors que les Anciens Arabes nommaient spécifiquement ''al-Qaws'', « l’Arc », le groupe ''ξοπdρυ Sgr'', situé dans le ''Turban'' de ''Sagittarius'', autrement nommé ''al-Qilāda'', « le Collier ». Ar. ''al-Qaws'', Ibn Qutayba, al-Ṣūfī p/ ''ξοπdρυ Sgr''. Ar. ''al-Qaws'', p/ la constellation, d’où lat. ''‘Kaus’'', Hyde, puis ''Kaus Australis'' & ''Borealis'', Piazzi > fr. ''Kaus'', Francœur p/ ''δελ'' ''Sgr'', ''Kaus Media'', ''Australe'' & ''Boréale'', BdL., Rumrill, Rhoads, etc., UAI.</blockquote><blockquote>AUTRE NOM '': '''Alwarida''' Secunda''. Ar Ar. الواردة [النعايم] [''al-Na<sup>c</sup>ā’im''] ''al-Wārida'' p/ le groupe ''γδεη Sgr'' ; se reporter à ''η Sgr'' pour les explications. P/ ''δ Sgr'', nous avons, ''via'' M. A. Sédillot, ''Alwarida'' ''Secunda'', Benhamouda, et ''via'' al-Aḫsāsī et Knobel, voir Allen, ''‘Thanih al Warida - Secunda τῶν Al Warida’''. </blockquote>English<blockquote>Piazzi introduced this name for the stars of Τόξος / Toksos, the “Bow” of the Greek astronomers, consisting of the δελ Sgr group. He did so in the same way as for the other two stars in the group, whose names are recognized by the IAU. He based this on the description of the Bow in Greek astronomy, whereas the ancient Arabs specifically referred to the group ξοπdρυ Sgr—located in the Turban of Sagittarius, also known as al-Qilāda, “the Necklace”—as al-Qaws, “the Bow.” Arabic al-Qaws, Ibn Qutayba, al-Ṣūfī for ξοπdρυ Sgr. Arabic al-Qaws, for the constellation, hence Latin ‘Kaus’, Hyde, then Kaus Australis & Borealis, Piazzi > French Kaus, Francœur for δελ Sgr, Kaus Media, Australe & Boréale, BdL., Rumrill, Rhoads, etc., UAI.</blockquote><blockquote>ALTERNATIVE NAME: Alwarida Secunda. Ar. الواردة [النعايم] [al-Nacā’im] al-Wārida for the γδεη group in Sgr; see η Sgr for explanations. For δ Sgr, we have, via M. A. Sédillot, Alwarida Secunda, Benhamouda, and via al-Aḫsāsī and Knobel, see Allen, “Thanih al Warida - Secunda τῶν Al Warida.”</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/07/20. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]]<br /> [[Category:Modern]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Kaus_Borealis&diff=47240 Kaus Borealis 2026-07-07T11:26:48Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kaus Borealis}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Kaus Borealis ('''القوس''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 90496 (λ Sgr, HR 6913) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> [[File:Sgr RL2025.png|thumb|Sagittarius with Arabic star names (CC BY Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> Sagittarius with Arabic star names (CC BY Laffitte 2025).<br /> <br /> Arbitrarily applied in recent times, together with the Latin distinctions of "middle", "southern", and "northern" (for λ Sgr), from the ind-A (and later sci-A) constellation name al-qaus, "the Bow". For the ind-Arabs, al-qaus was marked by the curved line of stars ξ<sup>2</sup>, o, π, d, ρ and υ Sgr (corresponding to what in other cultures was Sagittarius among the zodiacal signs). The sci-Arabs used the indigenous name for the Greeks' Archer, alternatively translated as al-rami.<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025): <blockquote>Ce nom, donné par Piazzi pour le groupe ''δελ Sgr'' dans le cadre de la figure grecque reprise par les astronomes arabes de l’époque classique (voir ''δ'' et ''ε Sgr''), est aujourd’hui retenu par Simbad et l’UAI. </blockquote>English: <blockquote>This name, given by Piazzi to the δελ Sgr group based on the Greek constellation adopted by Arab astronomers of the classical period (see δ and ε Sgr), is now used by Simbad and the IAU.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/07/20. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]][[Category:Modern]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Kaus_Australis&diff=47239 Kaus Australis 2026-07-07T11:26:13Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kaus Australis}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Kaus Australis ('''القوس''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 90185 (ε Sgr, HR 6879) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> [[File:Sgr RL2025.png|thumb|Sagittarius with Arabic star names (CC BY Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> Arbitrarily applied in recent times, together with the Latin distinctions of "middle", "southern", and "northern" (for λ Sgr), from the ind-A (and later sci-A) constellation name al-qaus, "the Bow". For the ind-Arabs, al-qaus was marked by the curved line of stars ξ<sup>2</sup>, o, π, d, ρ and υ Sgr (corresponding to what in other cultures was Sagittarius among the zodiacal signs). The sci-Arabs used the indigenous name for the Greeks' Archer, alternatively translated as al-rami.<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025)<blockquote>Ce nom, donné par Piazzi pour le groupe ''δελ Sgr'' dans le cadre de la figure grecque reprise par les astronomes arabes de l’époque clas-sique (voir ''δ Sgr''), est aujourd’hui approuvé par l’UAI. </blockquote><blockquote>AUTRE NOM '': '''Alwarida''' Tertia.'' Ar. الواردة [النعايم] [''al-Na<sup>c</sup>ā’im''] ''al-Wārida'' p/ le groupe ''γδεη Sgr'' (voir l’étoile à ''η Sgr'' p/ les explications). Quant à ''ε Sgr'', nous avons, ''via'' M. A. Sédillot, ''Alwarida'' ''tertia'', ''puis'' Benhamouda, et, par le truchement d’al-Aḫsāsī et de Knobel ''‘Thalath al Warida – Tertia τῶν Al Warida’''. </blockquote>English<blockquote>This name, given by Piazzi to the δελ Sgr group based on the Greek constellation adopted by Arab astronomers of the classical period (see δ Sgr), is now approved by the IAU. </blockquote><blockquote>ALTERNATIVE NAME: Alwarida Tertia. Ar. الواردة [النعايم] [al-Nacā’im] al-Wārida for the γδεη Sgr group (see the star at η Sgr for explanations). As for ε Sgr, we have, via M. A. Sédillot, Alwarida tertia, then Benhamouda, and, through al-Aḫsāsī and Knobel, ‘Thalath al Warida – Tertia τῶν Al Warida’. </blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/07/20. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]][[Category:Modern]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Albaldah&diff=47238 Albaldah 2026-07-07T11:25:50Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Albaldah ('''البلدة''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 94141 (π Sgr, HR 7264) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> The name of the 21st Arabic lunar station, البلدة, Al-Baldah (The empty area), designates a starless region between ζ Sgr and α Cap; the star π Sgr is at its northern edge and was wrongly attributed with this name by Allen (1899, 359).<br /> [[File:Sgr RL2025.png|thumb|Sagittarius with Arabic star names (CC BY Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025): <blockquote>Introduit au début du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, et aujourd’hui approuvé par l’UAI, c’est l’arabe ''al-Balda'', soit « le Lieu [vide] », situé au-dessous de la ''Tête du Sagittaire'', nom de la XXI<sup>e</sup> station lunaire avant d’être affecté à ''π Sgr''. Ar. : Mālik b. Anas, Ibn Qutayba, lat. ''’Abelda’'' et ''‘Albelda’'', Alchandre. Bien plus tard, not. al-Tīzīnī > ''‘Al Beldah’'', Hyde, ''‘El-Belda’'', Ideler, ''‘Al Balda’''. Fr. ''Albaldah'', BdL (1908).)''.'' Ar. : Mālik b. Anas, Ibn Qutayba, not. Al-Tīzīnī > ''‘Al Baldah’'', Allen > fr. ''Albaldah'', BdL (1908), Nit. 02, mais ''Al Baldah'', Rhoads, etc., ''Simbad'', UAI.</blockquote><blockquote>AUTRE NOM : '''''Nayyir al-Balda'''''. Ar. نيّرالبلدة ''Nayyir al-Balda'', « la Brillante du Lieu [vide] », al-Aḫsāsī, > ''‘Nir al Beldat''’ c/ Knobel. Aussi : ''Alnair'', Allen > Staal < ''Nayyir al-Balda'', « la Brillante du Lieu [vide] », al-Aḫsāsī, ''‘Nir al Beldat''’, Knobel, qui devient ''‘Al Nā’ir’'' c/ Allen > ''Al Nair'', Staal, Nit. 02, ''Nir el Beldat'', ''Wiki.''</blockquote><blockquote>AUTRES NOMS : '''''Alsadira''''' ''Secunda''. Ar. الصادرة [النعايم]. Cette étoile fait partie du groupe ''ζστφ'' ''Sgr''; pour les explications, se reporter à ''φ Sgr'' . Pour ''ς Sgr'', nous avons, ''via'' M. A. Sédillot, ''Aldadira'' ''Secunda'', BdL (1908), ''via'' Knobel, ''‘Thani al Sadirah – Secunda τῶν Al Sadirah’'' (p/ ''ϕ Sgr''). Auj. ''Awal al Sadira'', ''Sadira'', ''Wiki''. NB. : ''Alnam'', soit l’ar. ''al-Na<sup>c</sup>ām'', « les Autruches », p/ ''μ Sgr'', Rhoads, sans suite. NB : on trouve ''Nam al Sadira III'' et ''IV'' p/ χ<sup>1</sup> et χ''<sup>2</sup> Sgr'' c/ Rhoads. Var. ''Al Sadira'' Schweiger-Lerchenfeld p/ ''σ Sgr'', ''Sadira'', Rumrill, Hoffleit. Nit. 01. </blockquote><br /> <br /> <br /> English:<blockquote>Introduced in the early 20th century and now approved by the UAI, this is the Arabic term al-Balda, meaning “the [empty] Place,” located below the Head of Sagittarius; it was the name of the 21st lunar station before being assigned to π Sgr. Ar.: Mālik b. Anas, Ibn Qutayba; Lat. ’Abelda’ and ‘Albelda’, Alchandre. Much later, notably al-Tīzīnī > ‘Al Beldah’, Hyde, ‘El-Belda’, Ideler, ‘Al Balda’. Fr. Albaldah, BdL (1908).). Arabic: Mālik b. Anas, Ibn Qutayba, notably Al-Tīzīnī > ‘Al Baldah’, Allen > French Albaldah, BdL (1908), Nit. 02, but Al Baldah, Rhoads, etc., Simbad, UAI.</blockquote><blockquote>ALTERNATIVE NAME: Nayyir al-Balda. Arabic: نيّرالبلدة Nayyir al-Balda, “the Bright One of the [Empty] Place,” al-Aḫsāsī, > ‘Nir al Beldat’ according to Knobel. Also: Alnair, Allen > Staal < Nayyir al-Balda, “the Bright One of the [Empty] Place,” al-Aḫsāsī, ‘Nir al Beldat’, Knobel, which becomes ‘Al Nā’ir’ c/ Allen > Al Nair, Staal, Nit. 02, Nir el Beldat, Wiki.</blockquote><blockquote>OTHER NAMES: Alsadira Secunda. Ar. الصادرة [النعايم]. This star is part of the ζστφ Sgr group; for explanations, see φ Sgr. For ς Sgr, we have, via M. A. Sédillot, Aldadira Secunda, BdL (1908), via Knobel, ‘Thani al Sadirah – Secunda τῶν Al Sadirah’ (for ϕ Sgr). Currently: Awal al Sadira, Sadira, Wiki. NB: Alnam, i.e., the Arabic al-Nacām, “the Ostriches,” for μ Sgr, Rhoads, no further details. NB: Nam al Sadira III and IV are found for χ1 and χ2 Sgr according to Rhoads. Var. Al Sadira Schweiger-Lerchenfeld for σ Sgr, Sadira, Rumrill, Hoffleit. Nit. 01.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2017/09/05. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * --<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]] [[Category:Modern]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=File:Sgr_RL2025.png&diff=47237 File:Sgr RL2025.png 2026-07-07T11:25:35Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>Sagittarius with Arabic star names (CC BY Laffitte 2025).</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Albaldah&diff=47236 Albaldah 2026-07-07T11:17:21Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Albaldah ('''البلدة''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 94141 (π Sgr, HR 7264) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> The name of the 21st Arabic lunar station, البلدة, Al-Baldah (The empty area), designates a starless region between ζ Sgr and α Cap; the star π Sgr is at its northern edge and was wrongly attributed with this name by Allen (1899, 359).<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025): <blockquote>Introduit au début du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, et aujourd’hui approuvé par l’UAI, c’est l’arabe ''al-Balda'', soit « le Lieu [vide] », situé au-dessous de la ''Tête du Sagittaire'', nom de la XXI<sup>e</sup> station lunaire avant d’être affecté à ''π Sgr''. Ar. : Mālik b. Anas, Ibn Qutayba, lat. ''’Abelda’'' et ''‘Albelda’'', Alchandre. Bien plus tard, not. al-Tīzīnī > ''‘Al Beldah’'', Hyde, ''‘El-Belda’'', Ideler, ''‘Al Balda’''. Fr. ''Albaldah'', BdL (1908).)''.'' Ar. : Mālik b. Anas, Ibn Qutayba, not. Al-Tīzīnī > ''‘Al Baldah’'', Allen > fr. ''Albaldah'', BdL (1908), Nit. 02, mais ''Al Baldah'', Rhoads, etc., ''Simbad'', UAI.</blockquote><blockquote>AUTRE NOM : '''''Nayyir al-Balda'''''. Ar. نيّرالبلدة ''Nayyir al-Balda'', « la Brillante du Lieu [vide] », al-Aḫsāsī, > ''‘Nir al Beldat''’ c/ Knobel. Aussi : ''Alnair'', Allen > Staal < ''Nayyir al-Balda'', « la Brillante du Lieu [vide] », al-Aḫsāsī, ''‘Nir al Beldat''’, Knobel, qui devient ''‘Al Nā’ir’'' c/ Allen > ''Al Nair'', Staal, Nit. 02, ''Nir el Beldat'', ''Wiki.''</blockquote><blockquote>AUTRES NOMS : '''''Alsadira''''' ''Secunda''. Ar. الصادرة [النعايم]. Cette étoile fait partie du groupe ''ζστφ'' ''Sgr''; pour les explications, se reporter à ''φ Sgr'' . Pour ''ς Sgr'', nous avons, ''via'' M. A. Sédillot, ''Aldadira'' ''Secunda'', BdL (1908), ''via'' Knobel, ''‘Thani al Sadirah – Secunda τῶν Al Sadirah’'' (p/ ''ϕ Sgr''). Auj. ''Awal al Sadira'', ''Sadira'', ''Wiki''. NB. : ''Alnam'', soit l’ar. ''al-Na<sup>c</sup>ām'', « les Autruches », p/ ''μ Sgr'', Rhoads, sans suite. NB : on trouve ''Nam al Sadira III'' et ''IV'' p/ χ<sup>1</sup> et χ''<sup>2</sup> Sgr'' c/ Rhoads. Var. ''Al Sadira'' Schweiger-Lerchenfeld p/ ''σ Sgr'', ''Sadira'', Rumrill, Hoffleit. Nit. 01. </blockquote><br /> <br /> <br /> English:<blockquote>Introduced in the early 20th century and now approved by the UAI, this is the Arabic term al-Balda, meaning “the [empty] Place,” located below the Head of Sagittarius; it was the name of the 21st lunar station before being assigned to π Sgr. Ar.: Mālik b. Anas, Ibn Qutayba; Lat. ’Abelda’ and ‘Albelda’, Alchandre. Much later, notably al-Tīzīnī > ‘Al Beldah’, Hyde, ‘El-Belda’, Ideler, ‘Al Balda’. Fr. Albaldah, BdL (1908).). Arabic: Mālik b. Anas, Ibn Qutayba, notably Al-Tīzīnī > ‘Al Baldah’, Allen > French Albaldah, BdL (1908), Nit. 02, but Al Baldah, Rhoads, etc., Simbad, UAI.</blockquote><blockquote>ALTERNATIVE NAME: Nayyir al-Balda. Arabic: نيّرالبلدة Nayyir al-Balda, “the Bright One of the [Empty] Place,” al-Aḫsāsī, > ‘Nir al Beldat’ according to Knobel. Also: Alnair, Allen > Staal < Nayyir al-Balda, “the Bright One of the [Empty] Place,” al-Aḫsāsī, ‘Nir al Beldat’, Knobel, which becomes ‘Al Nā’ir’ c/ Allen > Al Nair, Staal, Nit. 02, Nir el Beldat, Wiki.</blockquote><blockquote>OTHER NAMES: Alsadira Secunda. Ar. الصادرة [النعايم]. This star is part of the ζστφ Sgr group; for explanations, see φ Sgr. For ς Sgr, we have, via M. A. Sédillot, Aldadira Secunda, BdL (1908), via Knobel, ‘Thani al Sadirah – Secunda τῶν Al Sadirah’ (for ϕ Sgr). Currently: Awal al Sadira, Sadira, Wiki. NB: Alnam, i.e., the Arabic al-Nacām, “the Ostriches,” for μ Sgr, Rhoads, no further details. NB: Nam al Sadira III and IV are found for χ1 and χ2 Sgr according to Rhoads. Var. Al Sadira Schweiger-Lerchenfeld for σ Sgr, Sadira, Rumrill, Hoffleit. Nit. 01.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2017/09/05. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * --<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]] [[Category:Modern]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Ainalrami&diff=47235 Ainalrami 2026-07-07T11:14:02Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> [[File:Ainalrami profileCard SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg|thumb|Ainalrami - profile card (CC BY Sadegh Faghanpour for IAU-WGSN).]]<br /> Ainalrami ('''عين الرامي''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 92761 (ν<sup>1</sup> Sgr, HR 7116) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> [[File:Ainalrami stickfigure SadeghFaghanpour-IAU-WGSN.jpg|thumb|Ainalrami - stickfigure (CC BY Sadegh Faghanpour for IAU-WGSN).]]<br /> Arabic عين الرامي ʽain al-rāmī (simplified Ainalrami) means The Eye of the Archer. It originates from Arabic Almagest translations.<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025): <blockquote>Apparu récemment, soit au début du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, et à présent retenu par l’UAI, ce nom est l’arabe ''<sup>c</sup>Ayn al-Rāmī'', « l’Œil du Sagittaire », donné de façon tardive dans le cadre du ciel gréco-arabe. Ar. ''<sup>c</sup>Ayn al-Rāmī'', Uluġ Bēg > lat. ''‘Aïn AlRâmi’'', Hyde, ''Ain er-Râmî'', Bode ''via'' Lach, puis Allen. Fr. ''Aïn'', Benhamouda. Var. ''Ain al Rami I'' et ''II'' p/ ''ν<sup>1</sup>'' et ''ν<sup>2</sup> Sgr,'' Rhoads, Hoffleit p/ ''ν Sgr, Simbad'' et UAI p/ ''γ<sup>1</sup> Sgr'', seul ; ''Ain al Rami'', not. ''Wiki/en''.</blockquote> <br /> <br /> English: <blockquote>This name, which appeared recently—at the beginning of the 20th century—and is now recognized by the UAI, is the Arabic cAyn al-Rāmī, “the Eye of Sagittarius,” a designation applied belatedly within the Greco-Arabic celestial system. Ar. cAyn al-Rāmī, Uluġ Bēg > Lat. ‘Aïn AlRâmi’, Hyde, Ain er-Râmî, Bode via Lach, then Allen. Fr. Aïn, Benhamouda. Var. Ain al Rami I and II for ν1 and ν2 in Sagittarius, Rhoads, Hoffleit for ν in Sagittarius, Simbad and UAI for γ1 in Sagittarius, alone; Ain al Rami, notably on Wiki/en.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2017/09/05. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * --<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Ascella&diff=47234 Ascella 2026-07-07T11:11:51Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Ascella}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Ascella (إبط) is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Latin. It is the name of HIP 93506 (ζ Sgr, HR 7194) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Ascella is a Latin word meaning "armpit". Although it appeared in the 1515 Almagest, the name does not appear to have come into common usage until the 20th century after appearing as Ascella in Richard Hinckley Allen's "Star Names Their Lore and Meaning" (1899).<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025)<blockquote>Calque de l’arabe ''ibṭ'' employé dans l’''Almageste'' pour décrire la situation de cette étoile, il a vite été employé comme nom, et il est aujourd’hui approuvé par l’UAI. Gr. ''μασχάλη'' / ''maskhalē'', « aisselle », Ptolémée > ''ibṭ'', « idem », al-Ḥağğāğ > ‘''ascella’'', « idem », Gérard de Crémone ; ‘''axela’'', Bayer, d’où ''Ascella'', Allen, puis Rumrill, etc., ''Simbad'', UAI.</blockquote><blockquote>AUTRE NOM : '''''Alsadira''''' ''Tertia.'' Ar. الصادرة [النعايم] [''al-Na<sup>c</sup>ā’im''] ''al-Ṣādira'' p/ le goupe ''ζστφ'' ''Sgr'' ; pour les explications, se reporter à ''φ Sgr''. Quant à ''ζ Sgr'', nous avons, ''via'' M. A. Sédillot, ''Aldadira'' ''Tertia'', Benhamouda, mais abs. c/ Knobel. ''Thalith al Sadira'', ''Wiki.''</blockquote>English:<blockquote>A loanword from the Arabic ibṭ, used in the *Almagest* to describe the position of this star, it was quickly adopted as a name and is now approved by the IAU. Gr. μασχάλη / maskhalē, “armpit,” Ptolemy > ibṭ, “same,” al-Ḥağğāğ > ‘ascella’, “same,” Gerard of Cremona; ‘axela’, Bayer, hence Ascella, Allen, then Rumrill, etc., Simbad, IAU.</blockquote><blockquote>OTHER NAME: Alsadira Tertia. Arabic: الصادرة [النعايم] [al-Nacā’im] al-Ṣādira for the group ζστφ Sgr; for explanations, see φ Sgr. As for ζ Sgr, we have, via M. A. Sédillot, Aldadira Tertia, Benhamouda, but absent in Knobel. Thalith al Sadira, Wiki.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/09/12. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Ptolemaeus. (1515). Almagestū Cl[audii] Ptolemei Pheludiensis Alexandrini Astronomo[rum] principis : opus ingens ac nobile omnes celorū motus continens ... Liechtenstein, Petrus. p.84.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Latin]] [[Category:European]][[Category:Modern]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Polis&diff=47233 Polis 2026-07-07T11:09:48Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Polis}}<br /> Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Polis ( '''البلدة)''' is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Coptic. It is the name of HIP 89341 (μ Sgr, HR 6812) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> The term in Coptic means "a foal". It was originally used for stars in the bow of the Archer but was moved over time.<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025): <blockquote>Introduit récemment, ce nom n’est pas, contraiment aux appa-rences, le grec ''πόλις'' ''polis'', mais le copte ''πολιc'' ''polis'', adaption de l’arabe ''al-Balda'', désignant la XXI<sup>e</sup> station lunaire. Il est aujourd’hui validé par l’UAI. Ar. : Mālik b. Anas, Ibn Qutayba. « ''πολιc'' [par erreur] civitas, Arabicè ''Elbaldeh'' », Athanasius Kircher, ''Lingua aegypta, rtestituta'', 567, relevé p/ Allen, repris par ''Simbad'', UAI. </blockquote>English<blockquote>Although it may not seem so at first glance, this recently introduced name is not the Greek πόλις (polis), but the Coptic πολιc (polis), an adaptation of the Arabic al-Balda, referring to the 21st lunar station. It has now been validated by the IAU. Arabic: Mālik b. Anas, Ibn Qutayba. “πολιc [erroneously] civitas, Arabicè Elbaldeh,” Athanasius Kircher, *Lingua aegypta, rtestituta*, 567, noted by Allen, cited by Simbad, IAU.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2017/09/05. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Greswell (1852)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Coptic]] [[Category:Egyptian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Kaus_Borealis&diff=47232 Kaus Borealis 2026-07-07T11:08:38Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kaus Borealis}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Kaus Borealis ('''القوس''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 90496 (λ Sgr, HR 6913) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Arbitrarily applied in recent times, together with the Latin distinctions of "middle", "southern", and "northern" (for λ Sgr), from the ind-A (and later sci-A) constellation name al-qaus, "the Bow". For the ind-Arabs, al-qaus was marked by the curved line of stars ξ<sup>2</sup>, o, π, d, ρ and υ Sgr (corresponding to what in other cultures was Sagittarius among the zodiacal signs). The sci-Arabs used the indigenous name for the Greeks' Archer, alternatively translated as al-rami.<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025): <blockquote>Ce nom, donné par Piazzi pour le groupe ''δελ Sgr'' dans le cadre de la figure grecque reprise par les astronomes arabes de l’époque classique (voir ''δ'' et ''ε Sgr''), est aujourd’hui retenu par Simbad et l’UAI. </blockquote>English: <blockquote>This name, given by Piazzi to the δελ Sgr group based on the Greek constellation adopted by Arab astronomers of the classical period (see δ and ε Sgr), is now used by Simbad and the IAU.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/07/20. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]][[Category:Modern]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Kaus_Australis&diff=47231 Kaus Australis 2026-07-07T11:03:49Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kaus Australis}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Kaus Australis ('''القوس''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 90185 (ε Sgr, HR 6879) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Arbitrarily applied in recent times, together with the Latin distinctions of "middle", "southern", and "northern" (for λ Sgr), from the ind-A (and later sci-A) constellation name al-qaus, "the Bow". For the ind-Arabs, al-qaus was marked by the curved line of stars ξ<sup>2</sup>, o, π, d, ρ and υ Sgr (corresponding to what in other cultures was Sagittarius among the zodiacal signs). The sci-Arabs used the indigenous name for the Greeks' Archer, alternatively translated as al-rami.<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025)<blockquote>Ce nom, donné par Piazzi pour le groupe ''δελ Sgr'' dans le cadre de la figure grecque reprise par les astronomes arabes de l’époque clas-sique (voir ''δ Sgr''), est aujourd’hui approuvé par l’UAI. </blockquote><blockquote>AUTRE NOM '': '''Alwarida''' Tertia.'' Ar. الواردة [النعايم] [''al-Na<sup>c</sup>ā’im''] ''al-Wārida'' p/ le groupe ''γδεη Sgr'' (voir l’étoile à ''η Sgr'' p/ les explications). Quant à ''ε Sgr'', nous avons, ''via'' M. A. Sédillot, ''Alwarida'' ''tertia'', ''puis'' Benhamouda, et, par le truchement d’al-Aḫsāsī et de Knobel ''‘Thalath al Warida – Tertia τῶν Al Warida’''. </blockquote>English<blockquote>This name, given by Piazzi to the δελ Sgr group based on the Greek constellation adopted by Arab astronomers of the classical period (see δ Sgr), is now approved by the IAU. </blockquote><blockquote>ALTERNATIVE NAME: Alwarida Tertia. Ar. الواردة [النعايم] [al-Nacā’im] al-Wārida for the γδεη Sgr group (see the star at η Sgr for explanations). As for ε Sgr, we have, via M. A. Sédillot, Alwarida tertia, then Benhamouda, and, through al-Aḫsāsī and Knobel, ‘Thalath al Warida – Tertia τῶν Al Warida’. </blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/07/20. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]][[Category:Modern]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Kaus_Borealis&diff=47230 Kaus Borealis 2026-07-07T11:02:41Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kaus Borealis}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Kaus Borealis ('''القوس''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 90496 (λ Sgr, HR 6913) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Arbitrarily applied in recent times, together with the Latin distinctions of "middle", "southern", and "northern" (for λ Sgr), from the ind-A (and later sci-A) constellation name al-qaus, "the Bow". For the ind-Arabs, al-qaus was marked by the curved line of stars ξ<sup>2</sup>, o, π, d, ρ and υ Sgr (corresponding to what in other cultures was Sagittarius among the zodiacal signs). The sci-Arabs used the indigenous name for the Greeks' Archer, alternatively translated as al-rami.<br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/07/20. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]][[Category:Modern]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Kaus_Media&diff=47229 Kaus Media 2026-07-07T11:02:18Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kaus Media}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Kaus Media ('''القوس''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 89931 (δ Sgr, HR 6859) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Arbitrarily applied in recent times, together with the Latin distinctions of "middle", "southern", and "northern" (for λ Sgr), from the ind-A (and later sci-A) constellation name al-qaus, "the Bow". For the ind-Arabs, al-qaus was marked by the curved line of stars ξ<sup>2</sup>, o, π, d, ρ and υ Sgr (corresponding to what in other cultures was Sagittarius among the zodiacal signs). The sci-Arabs used the indigenous name for the Greeks' Archer, alternatively translated as al-rami.<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025): <blockquote>Piazzi introduisit ce nom pour les étoiles du ''Τόξος'' / ''Toksos'', l’« Arc » des astronomes grecs, constitué par le groupe ''δελ Sgr''. Il le fit comme pour les deux autres étoiles du groupe, dont les noms sont retenus par l’UAI. Il le fit à partir de la description de l’Arc dans la figure grecque, alors que les Anciens Arabes nommaient spécifiquement ''al-Qaws'', « l’Arc », le groupe ''ξοπdρυ Sgr'', situé dans le ''Turban'' de ''Sagittarius'', autrement nommé ''al-Qilāda'', « le Collier ». Ar. ''al-Qaws'', Ibn Qutayba, al-Ṣūfī p/ ''ξοπdρυ Sgr''. Ar. ''al-Qaws'', p/ la constellation, d’où lat. ''‘Kaus’'', Hyde, puis ''Kaus Australis'' & ''Borealis'', Piazzi > fr. ''Kaus'', Francœur p/ ''δελ'' ''Sgr'', ''Kaus Media'', ''Australe'' & ''Boréale'', BdL., Rumrill, Rhoads, etc., UAI.</blockquote><blockquote>AUTRE NOM '': '''Alwarida''' Secunda''. Ar Ar. الواردة [النعايم] [''al-Na<sup>c</sup>ā’im''] ''al-Wārida'' p/ le groupe ''γδεη Sgr'' ; se reporter à ''η Sgr'' pour les explications. P/ ''δ Sgr'', nous avons, ''via'' M. A. Sédillot, ''Alwarida'' ''Secunda'', Benhamouda, et ''via'' al-Aḫsāsī et Knobel, voir Allen, ''‘Thanih al Warida - Secunda τῶν Al Warida’''. </blockquote>English<blockquote>Piazzi introduced this name for the stars of Τόξος / Toksos, the “Bow” of the Greek astronomers, consisting of the δελ Sgr group. He did so in the same way as for the other two stars in the group, whose names are recognized by the IAU. He based this on the description of the Bow in Greek astronomy, whereas the ancient Arabs specifically referred to the group ξοπdρυ Sgr—located in the Turban of Sagittarius, also known as al-Qilāda, “the Necklace”—as al-Qaws, “the Bow.” Arabic al-Qaws, Ibn Qutayba, al-Ṣūfī for ξοπdρυ Sgr. Arabic al-Qaws, for the constellation, hence Latin ‘Kaus’, Hyde, then Kaus Australis & Borealis, Piazzi > French Kaus, Francœur for δελ Sgr, Kaus Media, Australe & Boréale, BdL., Rumrill, Rhoads, etc., UAI.</blockquote><blockquote>ALTERNATIVE NAME: Alwarida Secunda. Ar. الواردة [النعايم] [al-Nacā’im] al-Wārida for the γδεη group in Sgr; see η Sgr for explanations. For δ Sgr, we have, via M. A. Sédillot, Alwarida Secunda, Benhamouda, and via al-Aḫsāsī and Knobel, see Allen, “Thanih al Warida - Secunda τῶν Al Warida.”</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/07/20. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]]<br /> [[Category:Modern]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Kaus_Media&diff=47228 Kaus Media 2026-07-07T11:01:35Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kaus Media}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Kaus Media is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 89931 (δ Sgr, HR 6859) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Arbitrarily applied in recent times, together with the Latin distinctions of "middle", "southern", and "northern" (for λ Sgr), from the ind-A (and later sci-A) constellation name al-qaus, "the Bow". For the ind-Arabs, al-qaus was marked by the curved line of stars ξ<sup>2</sup>, o, π, d, ρ and υ Sgr (corresponding to what in other cultures was Sagittarius among the zodiacal signs). The sci-Arabs used the indigenous name for the Greeks' Archer, alternatively translated as al-rami.<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025): <blockquote>Piazzi introduisit ce nom pour les étoiles du ''Τόξος'' / ''Toksos'', l’« Arc » des astronomes grecs, constitué par le groupe ''δελ Sgr''. Il le fit comme pour les deux autres étoiles du groupe, dont les noms sont retenus par l’UAI. Il le fit à partir de la description de l’Arc dans la figure grecque, alors que les Anciens Arabes nommaient spécifiquement ''al-Qaws'', « l’Arc », le groupe ''ξοπdρυ Sgr'', situé dans le ''Turban'' de ''Sagittarius'', autrement nommé ''al-Qilāda'', « le Collier ». Ar. ''al-Qaws'', Ibn Qutayba, al-Ṣūfī p/ ''ξοπdρυ Sgr''. Ar. ''al-Qaws'', p/ la constellation, d’où lat. ''‘Kaus’'', Hyde, puis ''Kaus Australis'' & ''Borealis'', Piazzi > fr. ''Kaus'', Francœur p/ ''δελ'' ''Sgr'', ''Kaus Media'', ''Australe'' & ''Boréale'', BdL., Rumrill, Rhoads, etc., UAI.</blockquote><blockquote>AUTRE NOM '': '''Alwarida''' Secunda''. Ar Ar. الواردة [النعايم] [''al-Na<sup>c</sup>ā’im''] ''al-Wārida'' p/ le groupe ''γδεη Sgr'' ; se reporter à ''η Sgr'' pour les explications. P/ ''δ Sgr'', nous avons, ''via'' M. A. Sédillot, ''Alwarida'' ''Secunda'', Benhamouda, et ''via'' al-Aḫsāsī et Knobel, voir Allen, ''‘Thanih al Warida - Secunda τῶν Al Warida’''. </blockquote>English<blockquote>Piazzi introduced this name for the stars of Τόξος / Toksos, the “Bow” of the Greek astronomers, consisting of the δελ Sgr group. He did so in the same way as for the other two stars in the group, whose names are recognized by the IAU. He based this on the description of the Bow in Greek astronomy, whereas the ancient Arabs specifically referred to the group ξοπdρυ Sgr—located in the Turban of Sagittarius, also known as al-Qilāda, “the Necklace”—as al-Qaws, “the Bow.” Arabic al-Qaws, Ibn Qutayba, al-Ṣūfī for ξοπdρυ Sgr. Arabic al-Qaws, for the constellation, hence Latin ‘Kaus’, Hyde, then Kaus Australis & Borealis, Piazzi > French Kaus, Francœur for δελ Sgr, Kaus Media, Australe & Boréale, BdL., Rumrill, Rhoads, etc., UAI.</blockquote><blockquote>ALTERNATIVE NAME: Alwarida Secunda. Ar. الواردة [النعايم] [al-Nacā’im] al-Wārida for the γδεη group in Sgr; see η Sgr for explanations. For δ Sgr, we have, via M. A. Sédillot, Alwarida Secunda, Benhamouda, and via al-Aḫsāsī and Knobel, see Allen, “Thanih al Warida - Secunda τῶν Al Warida.”</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/07/20. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]]<br /> [[Category:Modern]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Arkab_Posterior&diff=47227 Arkab Posterior 2026-07-07T10:59:50Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Arkab Posterior}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Arkab Posterior (عرقوب الرامي) is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 95294 (β<sup>2</sup> Sgr, HR 7343) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Applied in recent times from an abbreviation of its sci-A name 'urqub al-rami, "the Archer's Achilles Tendon".<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025):<blockquote>Figurant sur l’astrolabe, ce nom fut introduit au Moyen Âge comme transcription de cUrqūb al-Rāmī, « le Talon du Sagittaire » dans le ciel gréco-arabe. Revivifié sous une forme raccourcie au début du XIXe siècle, ce nom est aujourd’hui approuvé par l’UAI pour ces deux étoiles . Ar. : ''<sup>c</sup>Urqūb al-Rāmī'', al-Ṣūfī, lat. ''orcob arrami'', Yeḥūda b. Mošè, ''arthob arami'', ''Tabl. Tolédanes.'' Plus tard ''<sup>c</sup>Urqūb al-Rāmī'', Uluġ Bēg > lat. ''‘Urkûb AlRâmi’'', Hyde, et ''‘Urkab er-Râmih’'', Lach > ''Arkab er râmih'', Bode ; ''Urkub'', Piazzi, ''Arkab'' et ''Urkub'', Allen, ''Arkab'', Rumrill. Fr. ''Urkub'', Coulier, ''Arcob'', Benhamouda, ''Arkab'', IGN. ''Arkab Prior'' et ''Posterior'', Rhoads, etc., ''Simbad'', UAI.</blockquote><br /> <br /> <br /> English:<blockquote>This name, which appears on the astrolabe, was introduced in the Middle Ages as a transcription of cUrqūb al-Rāmī, “the Heel of Sagittarius,” in the Greco-Arabic sky. Revived in a shortened form in the early 19th century, this name is now approved by the IAU for these two stars. Ar.: cUrqūb al-Rāmī, al-Ṣūfī, Lat. orcob arrami, Yeḥūda b. Mošè, arthob arami, Tabl. Tolédanes. Later cUrqūb al-Rāmī, Uluġ Bēg > Lat. ‘Urkûb AlRâmi’, Hyde, and ‘Urkab er-Râmih’, Lach > Arkab er râmih, Bode; Urkub, Piazzi, Arkab and Urkub, Allen, Arkab, Rumrill. Fr. Urkub, Coulier, Arcob, Benhamouda, Arkab, IGN. Arkab Prior and Posterior, Rhoads, etc., Simbad, UAI.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/10/05. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]] [[Category:Modern]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Arkab_Posterior&diff=47226 Arkab Posterior 2026-07-07T10:59:29Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Arkab Posterior}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Arkab Posterior (عرقوب الرامي) is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 95294 (β<sup>2</sup> Sgr, HR 7343) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Applied in recent times from an abbreviation of its sci-A name 'urqub al-rami, "the Archer's Achilles Tendon".<br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/10/05. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]] [[Category:Modern]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Arkab_Prior&diff=47225 Arkab Prior 2026-07-07T10:59:09Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Arkab Prior}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Arkab Prior ('''عرقوب الرامي)''' is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 95241 (β<sup>1</sup> Sgr, HR 7337) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Applied in recent times from an abbreviation of its sci-A name 'urqub al-rami, "the Archer's Achilles Tendon".<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025):<blockquote>Figurant sur l’astrolabe, ce nom fut introduit au Moyen Âge comme transcription de cUrqūb al-Rāmī, « le Talon du Sagittaire » dans le ciel gréco-arabe. Revivifié sous une forme raccourcie au début du XIXe siècle, ce nom est aujourd’hui approuvé par l’UAI pour ces deux étoiles . Ar. : ''<sup>c</sup>Urqūb al-Rāmī'', al-Ṣūfī, lat. ''orcob arrami'', Yeḥūda b. Mošè, ''arthob arami'', ''Tabl. Tolédanes.'' Plus tard ''<sup>c</sup>Urqūb al-Rāmī'', Uluġ Bēg > lat. ''‘Urkûb AlRâmi’'', Hyde, et ''‘Urkab er-Râmih’'', Lach > ''Arkab er râmih'', Bode ; ''Urkub'', Piazzi, ''Arkab'' et ''Urkub'', Allen, ''Arkab'', Rumrill. Fr. ''Urkub'', Coulier, ''Arcob'', Benhamouda, ''Arkab'', IGN. ''Arkab Prior'' et ''Posterior'', Rhoads, etc., ''Simbad'', UAI.</blockquote><br /> <br /> <br /> English: <blockquote>This name, which appears on the astrolabe, was introduced in the Middle Ages as a transcription of cUrqūb al-Rāmī, “the Heel of Sagittarius,” in the Greco-Arabic sky. Revived in a shortened form in the early 19th century, this name is now approved by the IAU for these two stars. Ar.: cUrqūb al-Rāmī, al-Ṣūfī, Lat. orcob arrami, Yeḥūda b. Mošè, arthob arami, Tabl. Tolédanes. Later cUrqūb al-Rāmī, Uluġ Bēg > Lat. ‘Urkûb AlRâmi’, Hyde, and ‘Urkab er-Râmih’, Lach > Arkab er râmih, Bode; Urkub, Piazzi, Arkab and Urkub, Allen, Arkab, Rumrill. Fr. Urkub, Coulier, Arcob, Benhamouda, Arkab, IGN. Arkab Prior and Posterior, Rhoads, etc., Simbad, UAI.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/10/05. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]]<br /> [[Category:Modern]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Arkab_Prior&diff=47224 Arkab Prior 2026-07-07T10:58:40Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Arkab Prior}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Arkab Prior is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 95241 (β<sup>1</sup> Sgr, HR 7337) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Applied in recent times from an abbreviation of its sci-A name 'urqub al-rami, "the Archer's Achilles Tendon".<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025):<blockquote>Figurant sur l’astrolabe, ce nom fut introduit au Moyen Âge comme transcription de cUrqūb al-Rāmī, « le Talon du Sagittaire » dans le ciel gréco-arabe. Revivifié sous une forme raccourcie au début du XIXe siècle, ce nom est aujourd’hui approuvé par l’UAI pour ces deux étoiles . Ar. : ''<sup>c</sup>Urqūb al-Rāmī'', al-Ṣūfī, lat. ''orcob arrami'', Yeḥūda b. Mošè, ''arthob arami'', ''Tabl. Tolédanes.'' Plus tard ''<sup>c</sup>Urqūb al-Rāmī'', Uluġ Bēg > lat. ''‘Urkûb AlRâmi’'', Hyde, et ''‘Urkab er-Râmih’'', Lach > ''Arkab er râmih'', Bode ; ''Urkub'', Piazzi, ''Arkab'' et ''Urkub'', Allen, ''Arkab'', Rumrill. Fr. ''Urkub'', Coulier, ''Arcob'', Benhamouda, ''Arkab'', IGN. ''Arkab Prior'' et ''Posterior'', Rhoads, etc., ''Simbad'', UAI.</blockquote><br /> <br /> <br /> English: <blockquote>This name, which appears on the astrolabe, was introduced in the Middle Ages as a transcription of cUrqūb al-Rāmī, “the Heel of Sagittarius,” in the Greco-Arabic sky. Revived in a shortened form in the early 19th century, this name is now approved by the IAU for these two stars. Ar.: cUrqūb al-Rāmī, al-Ṣūfī, Lat. orcob arrami, Yeḥūda b. Mošè, arthob arami, Tabl. Tolédanes. Later cUrqūb al-Rāmī, Uluġ Bēg > Lat. ‘Urkûb AlRâmi’, Hyde, and ‘Urkab er-Râmih’, Lach > Arkab er râmih, Bode; Urkub, Piazzi, Arkab and Urkub, Allen, Arkab, Rumrill. Fr. Urkub, Coulier, Arcob, Benhamouda, Arkab, IGN. Arkab Prior and Posterior, Rhoads, etc., Simbad, UAI.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/10/05. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]]<br /> [[Category:Modern]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Alnasl&diff=47223 Alnasl 2026-07-07T10:55:57Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Alnasl}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> <br /> Alnasl ('''النصل''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 88635 (γ<sup>2</sup> Sgr, HR 6746) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Applied in recent times from its late Arabic name al-nasl, "the Point", in turn an abbreviation of the Arabic Almagest's nasl al-sahm, "the Point of the Arrow".<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025): <blockquote>Introduit au début du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, et aujourd’hui retenu par l’UAI, c’est ''al-Naṣl'', « la Pointe [de la Flèche] ». Ar. ''al-Naṣl'', al-Tīzīnī > ''‘El-nasl’'', Ideler, ''‘Al Naṣl''’, Allen. ''Alnasl'', BdL (1908), Rhoads, etc., ''Simbad'', UAI. Var. ''Al Nasl'', Hoffleit, Nit. 01.</blockquote><blockquote>AUTRES NOMS '':'' '''1. ''Zujj al Nushshaba'''''. Ar''.''النشّابة زجّ ''Zuğğ al-Nuššāba'', « le Fer de la Flèche », plus précisément la flèche de bois utilisée par les Persans. Lat. ''‘Zugj AlNushaba’'', Hyde, ce qui donne ''Zudsch el-nûschaba'' c/ Bode, d’où ‘''Zujj al Nushshāba’'', Allen. Puis Hoffleit, Nit. 01. '''2. ''Nushaba'''''. C’est de la même transcription que précédemment que Piazzi a tiré ce nom raccourci, puis fr. : Coulier. Hoffleit, Nit. 01. '''3. ''Alwarida''''' ''Prima''. Ar. الواردة [النعايم] [''al-Na<sup>c</sup>ā’im''] ''al-Wārida'' p/ le groupe ''γδεη Sgr'' ; se reporter à ''η Sgr'' pour les explications. Pour ce qui est plus particulièrement de ''γ Sgr'', nous avons ''Awwal al-Wārida'', al-Tīzīnī, ''‘Prima τῶν AlWârida’'', Hyde > ''El Waridah'', Bode ; ''El Keridab'' de façon fautive p/ Smith > Rumrill. Fr. : ''γ Sgr'' est ''Alwarida'' ''Prima'' c/ Benhamouda via M. A. Sédillot ; d’un autre côté ''‘Aoul al-Warida – ‘Prima τῶν Al Warida’'', Knobel < al-Aḫsāsī. 4'''. ''Alwazl'''''. C’est l’ar. الوصل ''al-Waṣl'', « la Liaison », Abū Ḥanifa ''ap.'' al-Marzūqī, qui désigne l’espace vide situé après ''al-Na<sup>c</sup>ā’im'', mais faussement indiqué p/ ''λ Sgr'' par Assemani, comme le relève Ideler, mais ''‘Al Wasl’'', Allen, ''Alwazl'', Hoffleit, Nit. 01. </blockquote>English:<blockquote>Introduced in the early 20th century and now recognized by the IAU, it is al-Naṣl, “the Tip [of the Arrow].” Ar. al-Naṣl, al-Tīzīnī > ‘El-nasl’, Ideler, ‘Al Naṣl’, Allen. Alnasl, BdL (1908), Rhoads, etc., Simbad, IAU. Var. Al Nasl, Hoffleit, Nit. 01.</blockquote><blockquote>OTHER NAMES: 1. Zujj al Nushshaba. Arabic: النشّابة زجّ Zuğğ al-Nuššāba, “the Arrowhead,” more specifically the wooden arrow used by the Persians. Latin: ‘Zugj AlNushaba’, Hyde, which becomes Zudsch el-nûschaba according to Bode, hence ‘Zujj al Nushshāba’, Allen. Then Hoffleit, Nit. 01. 2. Nushaba. It is from the same transcription as above that Piazzi derived this shortened name, then Fr.: Coulier. Hoffleit, Nit. 01. 3. Alwarida Prima. Ar. الواردة [النعايم] [al-Nacā’im] al-Wārida via the γδεη Sgr group; see η Sgr for explanations. Specifically regarding γ Sgr, we have Awwal al-Wārida, al-Tīzīnī, “Prima τῶν AlWârida,” Hyde > El Waridah, Bode; El Keridab (erroneously) according to Smith > Rumrill. Fr.: γ Sgr is Alwarida Prima according to Benhamouda via M. A. Sédillot; on the other hand, ‘Aoul al-Warida – ‘Prima τῶν Al Warida’, Knobel < al-Aḫsāsī. 4. Alwazl. This is the Arabic الوصل al-Waṣl, “the Connection,” Abū Ḥanifa according to al-Marzūqī, which refers to the empty space following al-Nacā’im, but incorrectly indicated as λ Sgr by Assemani, as noted by Ideler; however, ‘Al Wasl’ is used by Allen, Alwazl by Hoffleit, and Nit. 01.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/08/21. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Alnasl&diff=47222 Alnasl 2026-07-07T10:55:35Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Alnasl}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> <br /> Alnasl ('''النصل''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 88635 (γ<sup>2</sup> Sgr, HR 6746) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Applied in recent times from its late Arabic name al-nasl, "the Point", in turn an abbreviation of the Arabic Almagest's nasl al-sahm, "the Point of the Arrow".<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025): <blockquote>Introduit au début du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, et aujourd’hui retenu par l’UAI, c’est ''al-Naṣl'', « la Pointe [de la Flèche] ». Ar. ''al-Naṣl'', al-Tīzīnī > ''‘El-nasl’'', Ideler, ''‘Al Naṣl''’, Allen. ''Alnasl'', BdL (1908), Rhoads, etc., ''Simbad'', UAI. Var. ''Al Nasl'', Hoffleit, Nit. 01.</blockquote><blockquote>AUTRES NOMS '':'' '''1. ''Zujj al Nushshaba'''''. Ar''.''النشّابة زجّ ''Zuğğ al-Nuššāba'', « le Fer de la Flèche », plus précisément la flèche de bois utilisée par les Persans. Lat. ''‘Zugj AlNushaba’'', Hyde, ce qui donne ''Zudsch el-nûschaba'' c/ Bode, d’où ‘''Zujj al Nushshāba’'', Allen. Puis Hoffleit, Nit. 01. '''2. ''Nushaba'''''. C’est de la même transcription que précédemment que Piazzi a tiré ce nom raccourci, puis fr. : Coulier. Hoffleit, Nit. 01. '''3. ''Alwarida''''' ''Prima''. Ar. الواردة [النعايم] [''al-Na<sup>c</sup>ā’im''] ''al-Wārida'' p/ le groupe ''γδεη Sgr'' ; se reporter à ''η Sgr'' pour les explications. Pour ce qui est plus particulièrement de ''γ Sgr'', nous avons ''Awwal al-Wārida'', al-Tīzīnī, ''‘Prima τῶν AlWârida’'', Hyde > ''El Waridah'', Bode ; ''El Keridab'' de façon fautive p/ Smith > Rumrill. Fr. : ''γ Sgr'' est ''Alwarida'' ''Prima'' c/ Benhamouda via M. A. Sédillot ; d’un autre côté ''‘Aoul al-Warida – ‘Prima τῶν Al Warida’'', Knobel < al-Aḫsāsī. 4'''. ''Alwazl'''''. C’est l’ar. الوصل ''al-Waṣl'', « la Liaison », Abū Ḥanifa ''ap.'' al-Marzūqī, qui désigne l’espace vide situé après ''al-Na<sup>c</sup>ā’im'', mais faussement indiqué p/ ''λ Sgr'' par Assemani, comme le relève Ideler, mais ''‘Al Wasl’'', Allen, ''Alwazl'', Hoffleit, Nit. 01. </blockquote>English:<blockquote>Introduced in the early 20th century and now recognized by the UAI, it is al-Naṣl, “the Tip [of the Arrow].” Ar. al-Naṣl, al-Tīzīnī > ‘El-nasl’, Ideler, ‘Al Naṣl’, Allen. Alnasl, BdL (1908), Rhoads, etc., Simbad, UAI. Var. Al Nasl, Hoffleit, Nit. 01.</blockquote><blockquote>OTHER NAMES: 1. Zujj al Nushshaba. Arabic: النشّابة زجّ Zuğğ al-Nuššāba, “the Arrowhead,” more specifically the wooden arrow used by the Persians. Latin: ‘Zugj AlNushaba’, Hyde, which becomes Zudsch el-nûschaba according to Bode, hence ‘Zujj al Nushshāba’, Allen. Then Hoffleit, Nit. 01. 2. Nushaba. It is from the same transcription as above that Piazzi derived this shortened name, then Fr.: Coulier. Hoffleit, Nit. 01. 3. Alwarida Prima. Ar. الواردة [النعايم] [al-Nacā’im] al-Wārida via the γδεη Sgr group; see η Sgr for explanations. Specifically regarding γ Sgr, we have Awwal al-Wārida, al-Tīzīnī, “Prima τῶν AlWârida,” Hyde > El Waridah, Bode; El Keridab (erroneously) according to Smith > Rumrill. Fr.: γ Sgr is Alwarida Prima according to Benhamouda via M. A. Sédillot; on the other hand, ‘Aoul al-Warida – ‘Prima τῶν Al Warida’, Knobel < al-Aḫsāsī. 4. Alwazl. This is the Arabic الوصل al-Waṣl, “the Connection,” Abū Ḥanifa according to al-Marzūqī, which refers to the empty space following al-Nacā’im, but incorrectly indicated as λ Sgr by Assemani, as noted by Ideler; however, ‘Al Wasl’ is used by Allen, Alwazl by Hoffleit, and Nit. 01.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/08/21. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Rukbat&diff=47221 Rukbat 2026-07-07T10:53:31Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Rukbat}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Rukbat ( '''ركبة الرامي''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 95347 (α Sgr, HR 7348) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Applied in recent times from an abbreviation of its sci-A name rukbat al-rami, "the Archer's Knee".<br /> [[File:Rukbat RL2025.png|thumb|''al-Na<sup>c</sup>ā’im'', « les Autruches », et ''al-Ṣurādān,'' « les Deux Sourads », ''les'' (RL)for Rukbat (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025):<blockquote>Introduit sous cette forme moderne au XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, ce nom, aujourd’hui proposé par l’UAI, est le premier terme du nom arabe ''Rukbat al-Rāmī'', « le Genou du Sagittaire », dans le ciel que les astronomes arabes ont hérité des Grecs. Ar. ''Rukbat al-Rāmī'', al-Ṣūfī sur l’image, ms. St-Pétersbourg, ‘''Rucba AlRâmî'', Hyde, Allen > ''Rukbat'', Rumrill, fr. : Benhamouda, Rhoads, etc., ''Simbad'', UAI. </blockquote><blockquote>AUTRE NOM '':'' '''1. ''Rukbat al Rami.''''' Ar. ركبة ''Rukbat al-Rāmī'', « le Genou du Sagittaire ». Lat. très tôt : ''Racbat aram'', ''Tabl. Toléd.'', puis ‘''Ruchbah er-Râmih’'', Lach > ''Ruchbah er-Râmih'', Bode, puis Bloxam & Hall, Burritt ; ''Rukbah ur Rami'', Hoffleit, ''Rukbat al Rami'', Nit. 01. '''2. ''Alrami'''''<nowiki/>''.'' C’est الرامي ''al-Rāmī'', le nom de la constellation, ''‘AlRâmî’'', Hyde, ou alors le 2<sup>nd</sup> terme de ''Rukbat al-Rāmī'', d’où ''Al Rami'', Piazzi, ''Alrami'', Littrow, fr. : Tempesti (1983). Hoffleit, Nit. 01.</blockquote>English<blockquote>Introduced in this modern form in the 20th century, this name—now proposed by the IAU—is the first part of the Arabic name Rukbat al-Rāmī, “the Knee of Sagittarius,” in the sky that Arab astronomers inherited from the Greeks. Arabic: Rukbat al-Rāmī; al-Ṣūfī pictured; manuscript in St. Petersburg; ‘Rucba AlRâmî’; Hyde, Allen > Rukbat; Rumrill; French: Benhamouda, Rhoads, etc.; Simbad; IAU.</blockquote><blockquote>ALTERNATIVE NAME: 1. Rukbat al-Rami. Arabic: ركبة Rukbat al-Rāmī, “the Knee of Sagittarius.” Very early Latin: Racbat aram, Toledo Table, then ‘Ruchbah er-Râmih’, Lach > Ruchbah er-Râmih, Bode, then Bloxam & Hall, Burritt; Rukbah ur Rami, Hoffleit, Rukbat al Rami, Nit. 01. 2. Alrami. This is الرامي al-Rāmī, the name of the constellation, ‘AlRâmî’, Hyde, or the second term of Rukbat al-Rāmī, hence Al Rami, Piazzi, Alrami, Littrow, French: Tempesti (1983). Hoffleit, Nit. 01.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/07/20. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Rukbat&diff=47220 Rukbat 2026-07-07T10:51:43Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Rukbat}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Rukbat ( '''ركبة الرامي''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 95347 (α Sgr, HR 7348) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Applied in recent times from an abbreviation of its sci-A name rukbat al-rami, "the Archer's Knee".<br /> [[File:Rukbat RL2025.png|thumb|Rukbat (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025):<blockquote>Introduit sous cette forme moderne au XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, ce nom, aujourd’hui proposé par l’UAI, est le premier terme du nom arabe ''Rukbat al-Rāmī'', « le Genou du Sagittaire », dans le ciel que les astronomes arabes ont hérité des Grecs. Ar. ''Rukbat al-Rāmī'', al-Ṣūfī sur l’image, ms. St-Pétersbourg, ‘''Rucba AlRâmî'', Hyde, Allen > ''Rukbat'', Rumrill, fr. : Benhamouda, Rhoads, etc., ''Simbad'', UAI. </blockquote><blockquote>AUTRE NOM '':'' '''1. ''Rukbat al Rami.''''' Ar. ركبة ''Rukbat al-Rāmī'', « le Genou du Sagittaire ». Lat. très tôt : ''Racbat aram'', ''Tabl. Toléd.'', puis ‘''Ruchbah er-Râmih’'', Lach > ''Ruchbah er-Râmih'', Bode, puis Bloxam & Hall, Burritt ; ''Rukbah ur Rami'', Hoffleit, ''Rukbat al Rami'', Nit. 01. '''2. ''Alrami'''''<nowiki/>''.'' C’est الرامي ''al-Rāmī'', le nom de la constellation, ''‘AlRâmî’'', Hyde, ou alors le 2<sup>nd</sup> terme de ''Rukbat al-Rāmī'', d’où ''Al Rami'', Piazzi, ''Alrami'', Littrow, fr. : Tempesti (1983). Hoffleit, Nit. 01. </blockquote>English<blockquote>Introduced in this modern form in the 20th century, this name—now proposed by the IAU—is the first part of the Arabic name Rukbat al-Rāmī, “the Knee of Sagittarius,” in the sky that Arab astronomers inherited from the Greeks. Arabic: Rukbat al-Rāmī; al-Ṣūfī pictured; manuscript in St. Petersburg; ‘Rucba AlRâmî’; Hyde, Allen > Rukbat; Rumrill; French: Benhamouda, Rhoads, etc.; Simbad; IAU.</blockquote><blockquote>ALTERNATIVE NAME: 1. Rukbat al-Rami. Arabic: ركبة Rukbat al-Rāmī, “the Knee of Sagittarius.” Very early Latin: Racbat aram, Toledo Table, then ‘Ruchbah er-Râmih’, Lach > Ruchbah er-Râmih, Bode, then Bloxam & Hall, Burritt; Rukbah ur Rami, Hoffleit, Rukbat al Rami, Nit. 01. 2. Alrami. This is الرامي al-Rāmī, the name of the constellation, ‘AlRâmî’, Hyde, or the second term of Rukbat al-Rāmī, hence Al Rami, Piazzi, Alrami, Littrow, French: Tempesti (1983). Hoffleit, Nit. 01.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/07/20. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=File:Rukbat_RL2025.png&diff=47219 File:Rukbat RL2025.png 2026-07-07T10:51:25Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>Rukbat (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Rukbat&diff=47218 Rukbat 2026-07-07T10:48:57Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Rukbat}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Rukbat ( '''ركبة الرامي''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 95347 (α Sgr, HR 7348) in constellation Sgr.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Applied in recent times from an abbreviation of its sci-A name rukbat al-rami, "the Archer's Knee".<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025):<blockquote>Introduit sous cette forme moderne au XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, ce nom, aujourd’hui proposé par l’UAI, est le premier terme du nom arabe ''Rukbat al-Rāmī'', « le Genou du Sagittaire », dans le ciel que les astronomes arabes ont hérité des Grecs. Ar. ''Rukbat al-Rāmī'', al-Ṣūfī sur l’image, ms. St-Pétersbourg, ‘''Rucba AlRâmî'', Hyde, Allen > ''Rukbat'', Rumrill, fr. : Benhamouda, Rhoads, etc., ''Simbad'', UAI. </blockquote>English<blockquote>Introduced in this modern form in the 20th century, this name—now proposed by the IAU—is the first part of the Arabic name Rukbat al-Rāmī, “the Knee of Sagittarius,” in the sky that Arab astronomers inherited from the Greeks. Arabic: Rukbat al-Rāmī; al-Ṣūfī pictured; manuscript in St. Petersburg; ‘Rucba AlRâmî’; Hyde, Allen > Rukbat; Rumrill; French: Benhamouda, Rhoads, etc.; Simbad; IAU.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/07/20. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> * Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Sgr]] [[Category:Arabic]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:North Africa]] [[Category:Africa]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Al-Qa%CA%BF%C5%ABd&diff=46741 Al-Qaʿūd 2026-07-01T09:56:30Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: /* Etymology */</p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}<br /> <br /> Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> [[File:Del arab Laffitte2025.png|thumb|Delphinus and its Arabian variants, the Cross and the Young Camels (Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> ''al-Qaʿūd'' ('''القَعود'''), Young Camel, is an Arabic/ Arabian asterism. Several good manuscripts of al-Ṣūfī book and of ''Urjūzat al-Kawākib'' support the reading ''al-Qaʿūd'' (القَعود, young camel). The Arabs call it ''al-Qaʿūd'' as reported by al-Marzūqī, al-Ṣūfī, and ibn Qutayba, while the common people called it ''Al-Ṣalīb'', The Cross. ibn Qutayba also has the corrupted version ''al-ʿuqūd''.<br /> ==Provenance, Etymology, History==<br /> <br /> '''Variants''' (in spelling, in name)<br /> * Al Ukud<br /> * Alukud<br /> * Al Uqud<br /> * ''al-Qaʿūd''<br /> <br /> ===Etymology===<br /> The name "Al Ukud" appears in Allen (1899) and Rhoads (1971). Several good manuscripts of al-Ṣūfī book and of ''Urjūzat al-Kawākib'' support the reading ''al-Qaʿūd'' (القَعود, young camel). <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Del arab Laffitte2025.png|thumb|Delphinus and its Arabian variants, the Cross and the Young Camels (Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> Roland Laffitte elaborates in his books<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />: <blockquote>Emprunté à la fin du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, c’est ''al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd'', nom qui suscite de nombreuses interprétations mais qui peut être lu, par permutation entre les consonnes, ''al-Qa<sup>c</sup>ūd'', « les Jeunes Chameaux ». <br /> <br /> Ar. : ''al-Qa<sup>c</sup>ūd'', « les Jeunes Chameaux », Ibn Qutayba, selon la lecture de Charles Pellat retenue par Kunitzsch, ''Untersuchungen''<ref>Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. ''Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber.'' Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz</ref>, ''s.v.'' Mais Schjellerup lit chez al-Ṣūfī ''al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd'', « les Pièces de monnaie », ou alors « les Colliers », ''‘Al ‘Uḳūd’'', Allen, d’où ''Al Ukud'', Rhoads. </blockquote>In English:<blockquote>Borrowed at the end of the 20th century, this is al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd, a name that has given rise to numerous interpretations but which can be read—by permuting the consonants—as al-Qacūd, “the Young Camels.”</blockquote><blockquote>Arabic: al-Qacūd, “the Young Camels,” Ibn Qutayba, according to Charles Pellat’s reading adopted by Kunitzsch, *Untersuchungen*, s.v. However, Schjellerup reads al-Ṣūfī as al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd, “Coins,” or alternatively “Necklaces,” ‘Al ‘Uḳūd’, Allen, hence Al Ukud, Rhoads.</blockquote>Laffitte's drawing suggests that this invention of the camels is due to an ancient asterism of a cross in this area. This asterism '''''Al Salib''''' goes back to Ibn-Qutayba.<br /> <br /> ===Sources and Identification===<br /> <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |-<br /> ! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Sources<br /> ! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Identification(s)<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |'''Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)'''<ref>Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya.</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | orig. & transl. <br /> | identification (map)<br /> [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Khalid's most beautiful map with ASE-logo]]<br /> |-<br /> |'''Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986)'''<ref>al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. ''Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn.'' Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |...<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |'''Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030)'''<ref>الإمام أبو علي أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن المرزوقي (توفي سنة 421 هـ)، الأزمنة والأمكنة، تحقيق د. محمد نايف الدليمي، عالم الكتب، بيروت، لبنان، 1422 ه.<br /> Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (died 1030), Al-Azminah wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon).</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |...<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Discussion===<br /> <br /> ====Image Variants, Transfer and Transformation====<br /> <gallery><br /> Example.jpg|ancient manuscript 1<br /> Example.jpg|Laffitte's mapping<br /> Example.jpg|something else ... <br /> </gallery><br /> <br /> ====Verbal Discussion/ Conclusion====<br /> <br /> different opinions by modern scholars - e.g. Adams<ref>Danielle Adams, ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise'', 2018</ref>, Laffitte (2012<ref name=":0">Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref name=":1">Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>), AlAjaji, Kunitzsch, Ideler <br /> ...<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+ Deviating Identifications?<br /> |-<br /> ! Header text !! Adams !! AlAjaji !! Laffitte <br /> |-<br /> | Example || Example || Example || Example<br /> |-<br /> | Star Name || beta || alpha || gamma<br /> |-<br /> | Example || Example || Example || Example<br /> |}<br /> <br /> .<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group Star Names==<br /> <br /> In 202x, the name ... was suggest as a star name in the area that is covered by the historical asterism. It is suggested to be used for ... <br /> <br /> WGSN decided in ... 202x to name ... ... <br /> <br /> This star is <a red giant or whatelse> ... here astrophysical data will be added (by Eric, most likely) after the decision.<br /> <br /> == Weblinks ==<br /> <br /> * <br /> <br /> == Reference ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Africa]][[Category:North Africa]]<br /> [[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Asian]][[Category:West Asian]] <br /> [[Category:Arabic]]<br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Constellation]]<br /> [[Category:Star Name]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Al-Qa%CA%BF%C5%ABd&diff=46740 Al-Qaʿūd 2026-07-01T09:56:11Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}<br /> <br /> Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> [[File:Del arab Laffitte2025.png|thumb|Delphinus and its Arabian variants, the Cross and the Young Camels (Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> ''al-Qaʿūd'' ('''القَعود'''), Young Camel, is an Arabic/ Arabian asterism. Several good manuscripts of al-Ṣūfī book and of ''Urjūzat al-Kawākib'' support the reading ''al-Qaʿūd'' (القَعود, young camel). The Arabs call it ''al-Qaʿūd'' as reported by al-Marzūqī, al-Ṣūfī, and ibn Qutayba, while the common people called it ''Al-Ṣalīb'', The Cross. ibn Qutayba also has the corrupted version ''al-ʿuqūd''.<br /> ==Provenance, Etymology, History==<br /> <br /> '''Variants''' (in spelling, in name)<br /> * Al Ukud<br /> * Alukud<br /> * Al Uqud<br /> * ''al-Qaʿūd''<br /> <br /> ===Etymology===<br /> The name "Al Ukud" appears in Allen (1899) and Rhoads (1971). Several good manuscripts of al-Ṣūfī book and of ''Urjūzat al-Kawākib'' support the reading ''al-Qaʿūd'' (القَعود, young camel). <br /> <br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte elaborates in his books<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />: <blockquote>Emprunté à la fin du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, c’est ''al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd'', nom qui suscite de nombreuses interprétations mais qui peut être lu, par permutation entre les consonnes, ''al-Qa<sup>c</sup>ūd'', « les Jeunes Chameaux ». <br /> <br /> Ar. : ''al-Qa<sup>c</sup>ūd'', « les Jeunes Chameaux », Ibn Qutayba, selon la lecture de Charles Pellat retenue par Kunitzsch, ''Untersuchungen''<ref>Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. ''Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber.'' Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz</ref>, ''s.v.'' Mais Schjellerup lit chez al-Ṣūfī ''al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd'', « les Pièces de monnaie », ou alors « les Colliers », ''‘Al ‘Uḳūd’'', Allen, d’où ''Al Ukud'', Rhoads. </blockquote>In English:<blockquote>Borrowed at the end of the 20th century, this is al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd, a name that has given rise to numerous interpretations but which can be read—by permuting the consonants—as al-Qacūd, “the Young Camels.”</blockquote><blockquote>Arabic: al-Qacūd, “the Young Camels,” Ibn Qutayba, according to Charles Pellat’s reading adopted by Kunitzsch, *Untersuchungen*, s.v. However, Schjellerup reads al-Ṣūfī as al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd, “Coins,” or alternatively “Necklaces,” ‘Al ‘Uḳūd’, Allen, hence Al Ukud, Rhoads.</blockquote>Laffitte's drawing suggests that this invention of the camels is due to an ancient asterism of a cross in this area. This asterism '''''Al Salib''''' goes back to Ibn-Qutayba.<br /> <br /> ===Sources and Identification===<br /> <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |-<br /> ! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Sources<br /> ! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Identification(s)<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |'''Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)'''<ref>Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya.</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | orig. & transl. <br /> | identification (map)<br /> [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Khalid's most beautiful map with ASE-logo]]<br /> |-<br /> |'''Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986)'''<ref>al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. ''Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn.'' Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |...<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |'''Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030)'''<ref>الإمام أبو علي أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن المرزوقي (توفي سنة 421 هـ)، الأزمنة والأمكنة، تحقيق د. محمد نايف الدليمي، عالم الكتب، بيروت، لبنان، 1422 ه.<br /> Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (died 1030), Al-Azminah wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon).</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |...<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Discussion===<br /> <br /> ====Image Variants, Transfer and Transformation====<br /> <gallery><br /> Example.jpg|ancient manuscript 1<br /> Example.jpg|Laffitte's mapping<br /> Example.jpg|something else ... <br /> </gallery><br /> <br /> ====Verbal Discussion/ Conclusion====<br /> <br /> different opinions by modern scholars - e.g. Adams<ref>Danielle Adams, ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise'', 2018</ref>, Laffitte (2012<ref name=":0">Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref name=":1">Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>), AlAjaji, Kunitzsch, Ideler <br /> ...<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+ Deviating Identifications?<br /> |-<br /> ! Header text !! Adams !! AlAjaji !! Laffitte <br /> |-<br /> | Example || Example || Example || Example<br /> |-<br /> | Star Name || beta || alpha || gamma<br /> |-<br /> | Example || Example || Example || Example<br /> |}<br /> <br /> .<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group Star Names==<br /> <br /> In 202x, the name ... was suggest as a star name in the area that is covered by the historical asterism. It is suggested to be used for ... <br /> <br /> WGSN decided in ... 202x to name ... ... <br /> <br /> This star is <a red giant or whatelse> ... here astrophysical data will be added (by Eric, most likely) after the decision.<br /> <br /> == Weblinks ==<br /> <br /> * <br /> <br /> == Reference ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Africa]][[Category:North Africa]]<br /> [[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Asian]][[Category:West Asian]] <br /> [[Category:Arabic]]<br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Constellation]]<br /> [[Category:Star Name]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Al-%E1%B9%A2al%C4%ABb&diff=46739 Al-Ṣalīb 2026-07-01T09:55:15Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}<br /> <br /> Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> [[File:Del arab Laffitte2025.png|thumb|Delphinus and its Arabian variants, the Cross and the Young Camels (Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> Al-Ṣalīb (الصليب), The Cross, is an Arabic/ Arabian asterism. It is a name of the quadrilateral asterism of Delphinus ( α, β, δ, γ1,2 Del), named by common people, while the Arabs call it ''al-Qaʿūd'' as reported by al-Marzūqī, al-Ṣūfī, and ibn Qutayba (who has the corrupted version al-ʿuqūd).<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Provenance, Etymology, History==<br /> <br /> '''Variants''' (in spelling, in name)<br /> * Al Salib<br /> * ... <br /> <br /> ===Etymology===<br /> Formerly, Kunitzsch (1961)<ref>Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. ''Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber.'' Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.</ref> mentioned ... (English translation)<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2012, 2025)<ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> writes: <blockquote>Emprunté à la fin du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, ce nom n’est autre que ''al-Ṣalīb'', « la Croix », qui est bien une figure classique dans le ciel arabe traditionnel, puisque plusieurs groupes d’étoiles y portent cette appellation, tant dans le ciel boréal comme le groupe ''βγξν Dra'', ''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', « les Mères chamelles…», (voir ''β Dra'') que dans le ciel austral, comme ''Ṣalīb'' ''al-Quṭb'', « la Croix du Pôle », constituée par le groupe ''αβγδ Cru'' (voir la constellation ''Crux'', ''infra'', Ch. IX).</blockquote><blockquote>Ar. : Ibn Qutayba, al-Ṣūfī > ''‘al-Salīb’'', Schjellerup, ''‘Al-Ṣalīb’'', Allen. Puis ''Al Salib A et B'', Rhoads. </blockquote>in English: <blockquote>Coined at the end of the 20th century, this name is none other than al-Ṣalīb, “the Cross,” which is indeed a classic figure in the traditional Arab sky, since several star clusters bear this name, both in the northern sky—such as the βγξν Dra cluster, al-cAwā’iḏ, “the Mother Camels…,” (see β Dra) as in the southern sky, such as Ṣalīb al-Quṭb, “the Cross of the Pole,” formed by the αβγδ Cru group (see the constellation Crux, below, Ch. IX).</blockquote><blockquote>Arabic: Ibn Qutayba<ref name=":2" />, al-Ṣūfī<ref name=":3" /> > ‘al-Salīb’, Schjellerup, ‘Al-Ṣalīb’, Allen. Then Al Salib A and B, Rhoads.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ===Sources and Identification===<br /> <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |-<br /> ! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Sources<br /> ! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Identification(s)<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |'''Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)'''<ref name=":2">Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya.</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | orig. & transl. <br /> | identification (map)<br /> [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Khalid's most beautiful map with ASE-logo]]<br /> |-<br /> |'''Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986)'''<ref name=":3">al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. ''Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn.'' Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |...<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |'''Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030)'''<ref>الإمام أبو علي أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن المرزوقي (توفي سنة 421 هـ)، الأزمنة والأمكنة، تحقيق د. محمد نايف الدليمي، عالم الكتب، بيروت، لبنان، 1422 ه.<br /> Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (died 1030), Al-Azminah wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon).</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |...<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Discussion===<br /> <br /> ====Image Variants, Transfer and Transformation====<br /> <gallery><br /> Example.jpg|ancient manuscript 1<br /> Example.jpg|Laffitte's mapping<br /> Example.jpg|something else ... <br /> </gallery><br /> <br /> ====Verbal Discussion/ Conclusion====<br /> <br /> different opinions by modern scholars - e.g. Adams<ref>Danielle Adams, ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise'', 2018</ref>, Laffitte (2012<ref name=":1">Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref name=":0">Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>), AlAjaji, Kunitzsch, Ideler <br /> ...<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+ Deviating Identifications?<br /> |-<br /> ! Header text !! Adams !! AlAjaji !! Laffitte <br /> |-<br /> | Example || Example || Example || Example<br /> |-<br /> | Star Name || beta || alpha || gamma<br /> |-<br /> | Example || Example || Example || Example<br /> |}<br /> <br /> .<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group Star Names==<br /> <br /> In 202x, the name ... was suggest as a star name in the area that is covered by the historical asterism. It is suggested to be used for ... <br /> <br /> WGSN decided in ... 202x to name ... ... <br /> <br /> This star is <a red giant or whatelse> ... here astrophysical data will be added (by Eric, most likely) after the decision.<br /> <br /> == Weblinks ==<br /> <br /> * <br /> <br /> == Reference ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Africa]][[Category:North Africa]]<br /> [[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Asian]][[Category:West Asian]] <br /> [[Category:Arabic]]<br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Constellation]]<br /> [[Category:Star Name]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=File:Del_arab_Laffitte2025.png&diff=46738 File:Del arab Laffitte2025.png 2026-07-01T09:54:41Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: Delphinus and its Arabian variants, the Cross and the Young Camels (Laffitte 2025).</p> <hr /> <div>== Summary ==<br /> Delphinus and its Arabian variants, the Cross and the Young Camels (Laffitte 2025).<br /> == Licensing ==<br /> {{cc-by-4.0}}</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Al-Qa%CA%BF%C5%ABd&diff=46737 Al-Qaʿūd 2026-07-01T09:49:49Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}<br /> <br /> Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> <br /> [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the earliest map or drawing]]<br /> [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the cultural object (e.g. in archaeological museum)]]<br /> ''al-Qaʿūd'' ('''القَعود'''), Young Camel, is an Arabic/ Arabian asterism. Several good manuscripts of al-Ṣūfī book and of ''Urjūzat al-Kawākib'' support the reading ''al-Qaʿūd'' (القَعود, young camel). The Arabs call it ''al-Qaʿūd'' as reported by al-Marzūqī, al-Ṣūfī, and ibn Qutayba, while the common people called it ''Al-Ṣalīb'', The Cross. ibn Qutayba also has the corrupted version ''al-ʿuqūd''.<br /> ==Provenance, Etymology, History==<br /> <br /> '''Variants''' (in spelling, in name)<br /> * Al Ukud<br /> * Alukud<br /> * Al Uqud<br /> * ''al-Qaʿūd''<br /> <br /> ===Etymology===<br /> The name "Al Ukud" appears in Allen (1899) and Rhoads (1971). Several good manuscripts of al-Ṣūfī book and of ''Urjūzat al-Kawākib'' support the reading ''al-Qaʿūd'' (القَعود, young camel). <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte elaborates in his books<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />: <blockquote>Emprunté à la fin du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, c’est ''al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd'', nom qui suscite de nombreuses interprétations mais qui peut être lu, par permutation entre les consonnes, ''al-Qa<sup>c</sup>ūd'', « les Jeunes Chameaux ». <br /> <br /> Ar. : ''al-Qa<sup>c</sup>ūd'', « les Jeunes Chameaux », Ibn Qutayba, selon la lecture de Charles Pellat retenue par Kunitzsch, ''Untersuchungen''<ref>Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. ''Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber.'' Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz</ref>, ''s.v.'' Mais Schjellerup lit chez al-Ṣūfī ''al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd'', « les Pièces de monnaie », ou alors « les Colliers », ''‘Al ‘Uḳūd’'', Allen, d’où ''Al Ukud'', Rhoads. </blockquote>In English:<blockquote>Borrowed at the end of the 20th century, this is al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd, a name that has given rise to numerous interpretations but which can be read—by permuting the consonants—as al-Qacūd, “the Young Camels.”</blockquote><blockquote>Arabic: al-Qacūd, “the Young Camels,” Ibn Qutayba, according to Charles Pellat’s reading adopted by Kunitzsch, *Untersuchungen*, s.v. However, Schjellerup reads al-Ṣūfī as al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd, “Coins,” or alternatively “Necklaces,” ‘Al ‘Uḳūd’, Allen, hence Al Ukud, Rhoads.</blockquote>Laffitte's drawing suggests that this invention of the camels is due to an ancient asterism of a cross in this area. This asterism '''''Al Salib''''' goes back to Ibn-Qutayba.<br /> <br /> ===Sources and Identification===<br /> <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |-<br /> ! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Sources<br /> ! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Identification(s)<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |'''Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)'''<ref>Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya.</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | orig. & transl. <br /> | identification (map)<br /> [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Khalid's most beautiful map with ASE-logo]]<br /> |-<br /> |'''Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986)'''<ref>al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. ''Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn.'' Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |...<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |'''Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030)'''<ref>الإمام أبو علي أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن المرزوقي (توفي سنة 421 هـ)، الأزمنة والأمكنة، تحقيق د. محمد نايف الدليمي، عالم الكتب، بيروت، لبنان، 1422 ه.<br /> Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (died 1030), Al-Azminah wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon).</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |...<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Discussion===<br /> <br /> ====Image Variants, Transfer and Transformation====<br /> <gallery><br /> Example.jpg|ancient manuscript 1<br /> Example.jpg|Laffitte's mapping<br /> Example.jpg|something else ... <br /> </gallery><br /> <br /> ====Verbal Discussion/ Conclusion====<br /> <br /> different opinions by modern scholars - e.g. Adams<ref>Danielle Adams, ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise'', 2018</ref>, Laffitte (2012<ref name=":0">Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref name=":1">Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>), AlAjaji, Kunitzsch, Ideler <br /> ...<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+ Deviating Identifications?<br /> |-<br /> ! Header text !! Adams !! AlAjaji !! Laffitte <br /> |-<br /> | Example || Example || Example || Example<br /> |-<br /> | Star Name || beta || alpha || gamma<br /> |-<br /> | Example || Example || Example || Example<br /> |}<br /> <br /> .<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group Star Names==<br /> <br /> In 202x, the name ... was suggest as a star name in the area that is covered by the historical asterism. It is suggested to be used for ... <br /> <br /> WGSN decided in ... 202x to name ... ... <br /> <br /> This star is <a red giant or whatelse> ... here astrophysical data will be added (by Eric, most likely) after the decision.<br /> <br /> == Weblinks ==<br /> <br /> * <br /> <br /> == Reference ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Africa]][[Category:North Africa]]<br /> [[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Asian]][[Category:West Asian]] <br /> [[Category:Arabic]]<br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Constellation]]<br /> [[Category:Star Name]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Al-%E1%B9%A2al%C4%ABb&diff=46736 Al-Ṣalīb 2026-07-01T09:47:59Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}<br /> <br /> Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> <br /> [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the earliest map or drawing]]<br /> [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the cultural object (e.g. in archaeological museum)]]<br /> Al-Ṣalīb (الصليب), The Cross, is an Arabic/ Arabian asterism. It is a name of the quadrilateral asterism of Delphinus ( α, β, δ, γ1,2 Del), named by common people, while the Arabs call it ''al-Qaʿūd'' as reported by al-Marzūqī, al-Ṣūfī, and ibn Qutayba (who has the corrupted version al-ʿuqūd).<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Provenance, Etymology, History==<br /> <br /> '''Variants''' (in spelling, in name)<br /> * Al Salib<br /> * ... <br /> <br /> ===Etymology===<br /> Formerly, Kunitzsch (1961)<ref>Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. ''Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber.'' Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.</ref> mentioned ... (English translation)<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2012, 2025)<ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> writes: <blockquote>Emprunté à la fin du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, ce nom n’est autre que ''al-Ṣalīb'', « la Croix », qui est bien une figure classique dans le ciel arabe traditionnel, puisque plusieurs groupes d’étoiles y portent cette appellation, tant dans le ciel boréal comme le groupe ''βγξν Dra'', ''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', « les Mères chamelles…», (voir ''β Dra'') que dans le ciel austral, comme ''Ṣalīb'' ''al-Quṭb'', « la Croix du Pôle », constituée par le groupe ''αβγδ Cru'' (voir la constellation ''Crux'', ''infra'', Ch. IX).</blockquote><blockquote>Ar. : Ibn Qutayba, al-Ṣūfī > ''‘al-Salīb’'', Schjellerup, ''‘Al-Ṣalīb’'', Allen. Puis ''Al Salib A et B'', Rhoads. </blockquote>in English: <blockquote>Coined at the end of the 20th century, this name is none other than al-Ṣalīb, “the Cross,” which is indeed a classic figure in the traditional Arab sky, since several star clusters bear this name, both in the northern sky—such as the βγξν Dra cluster, al-cAwā’iḏ, “the Mother Camels…,” (see β Dra) as in the southern sky, such as Ṣalīb al-Quṭb, “the Cross of the Pole,” formed by the αβγδ Cru group (see the constellation Crux, below, Ch. IX).</blockquote><blockquote>Arabic: Ibn Qutayba<ref name=":2" />, al-Ṣūfī<ref name=":3" /> > ‘al-Salīb’, Schjellerup, ‘Al-Ṣalīb’, Allen. Then Al Salib A and B, Rhoads.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ===Sources and Identification===<br /> <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |-<br /> ! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Sources<br /> ! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Identification(s)<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |'''Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)'''<ref name=":2">Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya.</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | orig. & transl. <br /> | identification (map)<br /> [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Khalid's most beautiful map with ASE-logo]]<br /> |-<br /> |'''Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986)'''<ref name=":3">al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. ''Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn.'' Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |...<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |'''Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030)'''<ref>الإمام أبو علي أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن المرزوقي (توفي سنة 421 هـ)، الأزمنة والأمكنة، تحقيق د. محمد نايف الدليمي، عالم الكتب، بيروت، لبنان، 1422 ه.<br /> Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (died 1030), Al-Azminah wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon).</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |...<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Discussion===<br /> <br /> ====Image Variants, Transfer and Transformation====<br /> <gallery><br /> Example.jpg|ancient manuscript 1<br /> Example.jpg|Laffitte's mapping<br /> Example.jpg|something else ... <br /> </gallery><br /> <br /> ====Verbal Discussion/ Conclusion====<br /> <br /> different opinions by modern scholars - e.g. Adams<ref>Danielle Adams, ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise'', 2018</ref>, Laffitte (2012<ref name=":1">Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref name=":0">Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>), AlAjaji, Kunitzsch, Ideler <br /> ...<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+ Deviating Identifications?<br /> |-<br /> ! Header text !! Adams !! AlAjaji !! Laffitte <br /> |-<br /> | Example || Example || Example || Example<br /> |-<br /> | Star Name || beta || alpha || gamma<br /> |-<br /> | Example || Example || Example || Example<br /> |}<br /> <br /> .<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group Star Names==<br /> <br /> In 202x, the name ... was suggest as a star name in the area that is covered by the historical asterism. It is suggested to be used for ... <br /> <br /> WGSN decided in ... 202x to name ... ... <br /> <br /> This star is <a red giant or whatelse> ... here astrophysical data will be added (by Eric, most likely) after the decision.<br /> <br /> == Weblinks ==<br /> <br /> * <br /> <br /> == Reference ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Africa]][[Category:North Africa]]<br /> [[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Asian]][[Category:West Asian]] <br /> [[Category:Arabic]]<br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Constellation]]<br /> [[Category:Star Name]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Al-%E1%B9%A2al%C4%ABb&diff=46735 Al-Ṣalīb 2026-07-01T09:45:27Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: /* Etymology */</p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}<br /> <br /> Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> <br /> [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the earliest map or drawing]]<br /> [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the cultural object (e.g. in archaeological museum)]]<br /> Al-Ṣalīb (الصليب), The Cross, is an Arabic/ Arabian asterism. <here comes a short explanation: what is the earliest known occurance, what does it mean in their culture, perhaps were it stems from if e.g. taken over from Babylonian roots...><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Provenance, Etymology, History==<br /> <br /> '''Variants''' (in spelling, in name)<br /> * Al Salib<br /> * ... <br /> <br /> ===Etymology===<br /> Formerly, Kunitzsch (1961)<ref>Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. ''Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber.'' Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.</ref> mentioned ... (English translation)<br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2012, 2025)<ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> writes: <blockquote>Emprunté à la fin du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, ce nom n’est autre que ''al-Ṣalīb'', « la Croix », qui est bien une figure classique dans le ciel arabe traditionnel, puisque plusieurs groupes d’étoiles y portent cette appellation, tant dans le ciel boréal comme le groupe ''βγξν Dra'', ''al-<sup>c</sup>Awā’iḏ'', « les Mères chamelles…», (voir ''β Dra'') que dans le ciel austral, comme ''Ṣalīb'' ''al-Quṭb'', « la Croix du Pôle », constituée par le groupe ''αβγδ Cru'' (voir la constellation ''Crux'', ''infra'', Ch. IX).</blockquote><blockquote>Ar. : Ibn Qutayba, al-Ṣūfī > ''‘al-Salīb’'', Schjellerup, ''‘Al-Ṣalīb’'', Allen. Puis ''Al Salib A et B'', Rhoads. </blockquote>in English: <blockquote>Coined at the end of the 20th century, this name is none other than al-Ṣalīb, “the Cross,” which is indeed a classic figure in the traditional Arab sky, since several star clusters bear this name, both in the northern sky—such as the βγξν Dra cluster, al-cAwā’iḏ, “the Mother Camels…,” (see β Dra) as in the southern sky, such as Ṣalīb al-Quṭb, “the Cross of the Pole,” formed by the αβγδ Cru group (see the constellation Crux, below, Ch. IX).</blockquote><blockquote>Arabic: Ibn Qutayba<ref name=":2" />, al-Ṣūfī<ref name=":3" /> > ‘al-Salīb’, Schjellerup, ‘Al-Ṣalīb’, Allen. Then Al Salib A and B, Rhoads.</blockquote><br /> <br /> ===Sources and Identification===<br /> <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |-<br /> ! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Sources<br /> ! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Identification(s)<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |'''Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)'''<ref name=":2">Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya.</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | orig. & transl. <br /> | identification (map)<br /> [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Khalid's most beautiful map with ASE-logo]]<br /> |-<br /> |'''Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986)'''<ref name=":3">al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. ''Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn.'' Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |...<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |'''Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030)'''<ref>الإمام أبو علي أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن المرزوقي (توفي سنة 421 هـ)، الأزمنة والأمكنة، تحقيق د. محمد نايف الدليمي، عالم الكتب، بيروت، لبنان، 1422 ه.<br /> Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (died 1030), Al-Azminah wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon).</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |...<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Discussion===<br /> <br /> ====Image Variants, Transfer and Transformation====<br /> <gallery><br /> Example.jpg|ancient manuscript 1<br /> Example.jpg|Laffitte's mapping<br /> Example.jpg|something else ... <br /> </gallery><br /> <br /> ====Verbal Discussion/ Conclusion====<br /> <br /> different opinions by modern scholars - e.g. Adams<ref>Danielle Adams, ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise'', 2018</ref>, Laffitte (2012<ref name=":1">Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref name=":0">Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>), AlAjaji, Kunitzsch, Ideler <br /> ...<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+ Deviating Identifications?<br /> |-<br /> ! Header text !! Adams !! AlAjaji !! Laffitte <br /> |-<br /> | Example || Example || Example || Example<br /> |-<br /> | Star Name || beta || alpha || gamma<br /> |-<br /> | Example || Example || Example || Example<br /> |}<br /> <br /> .<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group Star Names==<br /> <br /> In 202x, the name ... was suggest as a star name in the area that is covered by the historical asterism. It is suggested to be used for ... <br /> <br /> WGSN decided in ... 202x to name ... ... <br /> <br /> This star is <a red giant or whatelse> ... here astrophysical data will be added (by Eric, most likely) after the decision.<br /> <br /> == Weblinks ==<br /> <br /> * <br /> <br /> == Reference ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Africa]][[Category:North Africa]]<br /> [[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Asian]][[Category:West Asian]] <br /> [[Category:Arabic]]<br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Constellation]]<br /> [[Category:Star Name]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Al-Qa%CA%BF%C5%ABd&diff=46731 Al-Qaʿūd 2026-07-01T09:38:03Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}<br /> <br /> Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> <br /> [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the earliest map or drawing]]<br /> [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the cultural object (e.g. in archaeological museum)]]<br /> ''al-Qaʿūd'' ('''القَعود'''), Young Camel, is an Arabic/ Arabian asterism. Several good manuscripts of al-Ṣūfī book and of ''Urjūzat al-Kawākib'' support the reading ''al-Qaʿūd'' (القَعود, young camel). The Arabs call it ''al-Qaʿūd'' as reported by al-Marzūqī, al-Ṣūfī, and ibn Qutayba, while the common people called it ''Al-Ṣalīb'', The Cross. ibn Qutayba also has the corrupted version ''al-ʿuqūd''.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Provenance, Etymology, History==<br /> <br /> '''Variants''' (in spelling, in name)<br /> * Al Ukud<br /> * Alukud<br /> * Al Uqud<br /> * ''al-Qaʿūd''<br /> <br /> ===Etymology===<br /> The name "Al Ukud" appears in Allen (1899) and Rhoads (1971). Several good manuscripts of al-Ṣūfī book and of ''Urjūzat al-Kawākib'' support the reading ''al-Qaʿūd'' (القَعود, young camel). <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte elaborates in his books<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />: <blockquote>Emprunté à la fin du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, c’est ''al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd'', nom qui suscite de nombreuses interprétations mais qui peut être lu, par permutation entre les consonnes, ''al-Qa<sup>c</sup>ūd'', « les Jeunes Chameaux ». <br /> <br /> Ar. : ''al-Qa<sup>c</sup>ūd'', « les Jeunes Chameaux », Ibn Qutayba, selon la lecture de Charles Pellat retenue par Kunitzsch, ''Untersuchungen''<ref>Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. ''Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber.'' Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz</ref>, ''s.v.'' Mais Schjellerup lit chez al-Ṣūfī ''al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd'', « les Pièces de monnaie », ou alors « les Colliers », ''‘Al ‘Uḳūd’'', Allen, d’où ''Al Ukud'', Rhoads. </blockquote>In English:<blockquote>Borrowed at the end of the 20th century, this is al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd, a name that has given rise to numerous interpretations but which can be read—by permuting the consonants—as al-Qacūd, “the Young Camels.”</blockquote><blockquote>Arabic: al-Qacūd, “the Young Camels,” Ibn Qutayba, according to Charles Pellat’s reading adopted by Kunitzsch, *Untersuchungen*, s.v. However, Schjellerup reads al-Ṣūfī as al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd, “Coins,” or alternatively “Necklaces,” ‘Al ‘Uḳūd’, Allen, hence Al Ukud, Rhoads.</blockquote>Laffitte's drawing suggests that this invention of the camels is due to an ancient asterism of a cross in this area. This asterism '''''Al Salib''''' goes back to Ibn-Qutayba.<br /> <br /> ===Sources and Identification===<br /> <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |-<br /> ! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Sources<br /> ! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Identification(s)<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |'''Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)'''<ref>Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya.</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | orig. & transl. <br /> | identification (map)<br /> [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Khalid's most beautiful map with ASE-logo]]<br /> |-<br /> |'''Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986)'''<ref>al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. ''Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn.'' Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |...<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |'''Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030)'''<ref>الإمام أبو علي أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن المرزوقي (توفي سنة 421 هـ)، الأزمنة والأمكنة، تحقيق د. محمد نايف الدليمي، عالم الكتب، بيروت، لبنان، 1422 ه.<br /> Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (died 1030), Al-Azminah wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon).</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |...<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Discussion===<br /> <br /> ====Image Variants, Transfer and Transformation====<br /> <gallery><br /> Example.jpg|ancient manuscript 1<br /> Example.jpg|Laffitte's mapping<br /> Example.jpg|something else ... <br /> </gallery><br /> <br /> ====Verbal Discussion/ Conclusion====<br /> <br /> different opinions by modern scholars - e.g. Adams<ref>Danielle Adams, ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise'', 2018</ref>, Laffitte (2012<ref name=":0">Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref name=":1">Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>), AlAjaji, Kunitzsch, Ideler <br /> ...<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+ Deviating Identifications?<br /> |-<br /> ! Header text !! Adams !! AlAjaji !! Laffitte <br /> |-<br /> | Example || Example || Example || Example<br /> |-<br /> | Star Name || beta || alpha || gamma<br /> |-<br /> | Example || Example || Example || Example<br /> |}<br /> <br /> .<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group Star Names==<br /> <br /> In 202x, the name ... was suggest as a star name in the area that is covered by the historical asterism. It is suggested to be used for ... <br /> <br /> WGSN decided in ... 202x to name ... ... <br /> <br /> This star is <a red giant or whatelse> ... here astrophysical data will be added (by Eric, most likely) after the decision.<br /> <br /> == Weblinks ==<br /> <br /> * <br /> <br /> == Reference ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Africa]][[Category:North Africa]]<br /> [[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Asian]][[Category:West Asian]] <br /> [[Category:Arabic]]<br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Constellation]]<br /> [[Category:Star Name]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Al-Qa%CA%BF%C5%ABd&diff=46730 Al-Qaʿūd 2026-07-01T09:26:13Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}<br /> <br /> Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> <br /> [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the earliest map or drawing]]<br /> [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Image that shows the cultural object (e.g. in archaeological museum)]]<br /> ... (... ), [translation], is an Arabic/ Arabian asterism. <here comes a short explanation: what is the earliest known occurance, what does it mean in their culture, perhaps were it stems from if e.g. taken over from Babylonian roots...><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Provenance, Etymology, History==<br /> <br /> '''Variants''' (in spelling, in name)<br /> * Al Ukud<br /> * Alukud<br /> * Al Uqud<br /> <br /> ===Etymology===<br /> The name "Al Ukud" appears in Allen (1899) and Rhoads (1971). <br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte elaborates in his books<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />: <blockquote>Emprunté à la fin du XX<sup>e</sup> siècle, c’est ''al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd'', nom qui suscite de nombreuses interprétations mais qui peut être lu, par permutation entre les consonnes, ''al-Qa<sup>c</sup>ūd'', « les Jeunes Chameaux ». <br /> <br /> Ar. : ''al-Qa<sup>c</sup>ūd'', « les Jeunes Chameaux », Ibn Qutayba, selon la lecture de Charles Pellat retenue par Kunitzsch, ''Untersuchungen''<ref>Kunitzsch, Paul. 1961. ''Untersuchungen zur Sternnomenklatur der Araber.'' Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz</ref>, ''s.v.'' Mais Schjellerup lit chez al-Ṣūfī ''al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd'', « les Pièces de monnaie », ou alors « les Colliers », ''‘Al ‘Uḳūd’'', Allen, d’où ''Al Ukud'', Rhoads. </blockquote>In English:<blockquote>Borrowed at the end of the 20th century, this is al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd, a name that has given rise to numerous interpretations but which can be read—by permuting the consonants—as al-Qacūd, “the Young Camels.”</blockquote><blockquote>Arabic: al-Qacūd, “the Young Camels,” Ibn Qutayba, according to Charles Pellat’s reading adopted by Kunitzsch, *Untersuchungen*, s.v. However, Schjellerup reads al-Ṣūfī as al-<sup>c</sup>Uqūd, “Coins,” or alternatively “Necklaces,” ‘Al ‘Uḳūd’, Allen, hence Al Ukud, Rhoads.</blockquote>Laffitte's drawing suggests that this invention of the camels is due to an ancient asterism of a cross in this area. This asterism '''''Al Salib''''' goes back to Ibn-Qutayba.<br /> <br /> ===Sources and Identification===<br /> <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |-<br /> ! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Sources<br /> ! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Identification(s)<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |'''Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)'''<ref>Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya.</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | orig. & transl. <br /> | identification (map)<br /> [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|Khalid's most beautiful map with ASE-logo]]<br /> |-<br /> |'''Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986)'''<ref>al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. ''Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn.'' Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda.</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |...<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |'''Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030)'''<ref>الإمام أبو علي أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن المرزوقي (توفي سنة 421 هـ)، الأزمنة والأمكنة، تحقيق د. محمد نايف الدليمي، عالم الكتب، بيروت، لبنان، 1422 ه.<br /> Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (died 1030), Al-Azminah wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon).</ref><br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |...<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Discussion===<br /> <br /> ====Image Variants, Transfer and Transformation====<br /> <gallery><br /> Example.jpg|ancient manuscript 1<br /> Example.jpg|Laffitte's mapping<br /> Example.jpg|something else ... <br /> </gallery><br /> <br /> ====Verbal Discussion/ Conclusion====<br /> <br /> different opinions by modern scholars - e.g. Adams<ref>Danielle Adams, ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise'', 2018</ref>, Laffitte (2012<ref name=":0">Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref name=":1">Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>), AlAjaji, Kunitzsch, Ideler <br /> ...<br /> <br /> <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+ Deviating Identifications?<br /> |-<br /> ! Header text !! Adams !! AlAjaji !! Laffitte <br /> |-<br /> | Example || Example || Example || Example<br /> |-<br /> | Star Name || beta || alpha || gamma<br /> |-<br /> | Example || Example || Example || Example<br /> |}<br /> <br /> .<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group Star Names==<br /> <br /> In 202x, the name ... was suggest as a star name in the area that is covered by the historical asterism. It is suggested to be used for ... <br /> <br /> WGSN decided in ... 202x to name ... ... <br /> <br /> This star is <a red giant or whatelse> ... here astrophysical data will be added (by Eric, most likely) after the decision.<br /> <br /> == Weblinks ==<br /> <br /> * <br /> <br /> == Reference ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Africa]][[Category:North Africa]]<br /> [[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Asian]][[Category:West Asian]] <br /> [[Category:Arabic]]<br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Constellation]]<br /> [[Category:Star Name]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Minkar&diff=41201 Minkar 2026-04-18T18:01:06Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}<br /> <br /> Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> [[File:Minkar+Alchiba RL2025.png|thumb|Minkar and Alchiba in Laffitte (2025): Fig. 79a. Κόραξ / Korax – al-Ġurāb, « le Corbeau » (RL) and Fig. 79b. al-Ḫibā’, « la Tente » (RL) ]]<br /> Minkar is an Arabic star name, originally for α Crv, later shifted to ε Crv. <br /> <br /> ==Concordance, Etymology, History==<br /> <br /> Laffitte (2012<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Le ciel des Arabes'', 2012</ref>, 2025<ref>Roland Laffitte, ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots, 2025 ([https://uranos.fr/500-noms-herites-des-arabes/ online])</ref>) gives "[[Alchiba]]" for α Crv, which is the IAU-name, but then elaborates on p. 368: <blockquote>ALTERNATIVE NAME for α Crv: 1. Minkar [Aus.]. Ar. منقار [الغراب] Minqār [al-Ġurāb], ‘the Raven’s Beak’, Uluġ Bēg > ‘Minkar AlGorâb’, Hyde. Minkar c/ Proctor via Ideler. 2. Minkar al Ghyrab. Ar. منقار الغراب Minqār al-Ġurāb, al-Aḫsāsī, hence ‘Minkar al Ghyrab’, Knobel, Minkar al Ghyrab, Wiki/enVar. : ‘Al Minḣar al Ghurab’, with the article omitted and /ḣ/ in place of the usual /ḳ/ (which is pronounced /q/), hence Al Minliar al Ghurab, Hoffleit, Nit. 01, Pultar, Wiki. </blockquote>On page 330, Laffitte (2025) remarks for '''''Minkar''''' ''[Bor.]'' ''(ε Cor : 3,02) /'' ['''الغرب''']'''منقار''' :<blockquote>Recently used for this star, this name is a shortened form of ''Minqār al-Ġurāb'', ‘the Raven’s Beak’, normally assigned, within the Greco-Arabic celestial system, to ''α Crv'' (see this star); shifted to ''ε Crv'' c/ Rhoads, etc., Simbad. </blockquote><br /> <br /> ===Discussion===<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group Star Names==<br /> <br /> == Weblinks ==<br /> <br /> * <br /> <br /> == Reference ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Eurasia]]<br /> [[Category:Arabic]]<br /> [[Category:Constellation]]<br /> [[Category:Star Name]]<br /> [[Category:Asterism]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=File:Minkar%2BAlchiba_RL2025.png&diff=41200 File:Minkar+Alchiba RL2025.png 2026-04-18T18:00:33Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>Fig. 79a. Κόραξ / Korax – al-Ġurāb, « le Corbeau » (RL) and Fig. 79b. al-Ḫibā’, « la Tente » (RL)</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Nihal&diff=40741 Nihal 2026-03-28T11:18:50Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Nihal (النِّهال)}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Nihal ('''النِّهال''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 25606 (β Lep, HR 1829) in constellation Lep.<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> <br /> Variants <br /> <br /> * Nibal<br /> * al-Nihāl (النِّهال)<br /> * a-Nahal ('''النَّهَل''')<br /> <br /> Applied in recent times from the ind-A asterism name al-nihal "the Camels Beginning to Quench Their Thirst" for α, β, γ, and δ Lep,<ref>Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.</ref> As the area of the Lepus constellation is also reported under the name ''al-Nihāl''. In classical Arabic usage, ''nahl'' denotes the first watering of camels at a well, after which they rest near the trough and later return for a second watering (''al-ʿalal'') before going back to pasture. The application of the name ''al-Nihāl'' to this star group may be motivated by its proximity to the Milky Way, often conceptualized as a celestial river. Morphologically, ''nāhil'' yields the collective ''nahal'' and the plural ''nihāl''. Al-Marzūqī explicitly notes that ''Kursiyy al-Jawzāʾ'' is also called ''al-Nahal''.<br /> <br /> Al-Ṣūfī (ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī, d. 986 CE), in his description of the constellation ''al-Arnab'', records that Arab observers designated the seventh through tenth stars of Lepus—those on the body of the “hare”—as ''Kursiyy al-Jawzāʾ al-Muʾakhkhar'' and ''ʿArsh al-Jawzāʾ'', on the grounds that they lie between Orion’s two feet in the position corresponding to a throne. He further notes that some works on ''al-Anwāʾ'' (seasonal star risings and settings) refer to these same stars as ''al-Nihāl''.<ref>al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. ''Kitāb al-kawākib.'' Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition 2021</ref>[[File:Autriches RL2025.jpg|thumb|Arabic super-constellation of several autriches with autrich eggs and chicks (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025<ref name=":0" />).]]<br /> <br /> Laffitte (2025)<ref name=":0">Roland Laffitte (2025), ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots</ref> elaborates: <blockquote>It was Piazzi who first introduced this name, which has since been endorsed by the IAU. The name in question is ''al-Nihāl'', ‘the [Ostriches] that have quenched their thirst’, one of the terms used by the ancient Arabs to refer to the group ''αβγδ Lep.'' Arabic ''al-Nihāl'', al-Ṣūfī > ‘''AlNihál''’, Hyde, hence Nihal, Piazzi, and in French: Coulier and Francœur, Allen, Rumrill, etc., Simbad, IAU. Var. Nibal, Allen, Nit. 01</blockquote>...<br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/07/20. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Lep]] [[Category:Arabic]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Lepus&diff=40740 Lepus 2026-03-28T11:18:19Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: /* Arabic Tradition */</p> <hr /> <div>Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> [[File:Lepus IAU.svg|alt=star chart|thumb|Lep star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]<br /> One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations|88 IAU constellations]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> [[File:Ori-grp Kugel hi smh.gif|thumb|Orion-Group of constellations on the Kugel Globe, drawing and animated GIF by SMH 2025.]]<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref>Alongside Andromeda and Perseus, the group around Orion forms the second mythological constellation complex. It is said to depict a hunting scene. The hare is pursued by one or two hounds of Orion. This is how it can be seen in the sky: The hare stands to the west of the constellation of the Great Dog, so it rises before it and runs in front of it the whole time during the night. <br /> <br /> ===Origin of Constellation===<br /> [[File:Rooster stellarium.jpg|thumb|Rooster in Babylonian uranography, painting by Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium (2022).]]<br /> <br /> ==== Babylonian ====<br /> The constellation has no Babylonian origin, because in Mesopotamia there was the constellation of the Rooster ([[DAR.LUGAL]]) in this position. <br /> <br /> MUL.APIN was copied throughout the -1st millennium, so presumably continued to be used in Babylonian astronomy. It is therefore unclear when and where the transformation from the rooster to the hare took place. It is quite possible that the hare was a separate Greek constellation or originated from another conquered civilisation.<br /> <br /> ==== Greco-Roman ====<br /> <br /> ===== Aratus =====<br /> <blockquote>Under the two feet of Orion the Hare is hunted constantly all the time: Sirius moves for ever behind it as if in pursuit, [341] rises after it and watches it as it sets. (Kidd 1997)</blockquote><br /> <br /> ===== Eratosthenes =====<br /> <br /> ===== Hipparchus =====<br /> <br /> ====== Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) ======<br /> <blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote><br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+<br /> !<br /> ! colspan="2" |east<br /> ! colspan="2" |south<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Gem 27<br /> |Cnc 11 1/2<br /> |Psc 4<br /> |Psc 25<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |star<br /> |of the four in the ears, the front one of the northern (iot.)<br /> |the southern one of those in the rear feet<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |duration<br /> | colspan="4" |1 1/5 hours = 72 min = 18 degree<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====== Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) ======<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> !<br /> ! colspan="2" |west<br /> ! colspan="2" |south<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Ari 26 1/2<br /> |Tau 14<br /> |Cnc 30<br /> |Leo 21<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |star<br /> |the one in the front feet<br /> |the one at the tip of the tail<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |duration<br /> | colspan="4" |1 1/3 hours = 80 min = 20°<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====== Stars Mentioned ======<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+<br /> !<br /> !Greek<br /> !German<br /> !English<br /> !ident.<br /> !src<br /> !<br /> !lam_culm<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap V §10<br /> |rising, east, first<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap V §10<br /> |rising, east, last<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap VI §2<br /> |setting CrB, south, last<br /> |Psc 13.5<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap VI §13<br /> |setting Aql, south, first<br /> |Ari 2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib III Cap I §9<br /> |rising Ori, south, last<br /> |Psc 13<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====<br /> <blockquote>The hare is said to be fleeing the dog of the hunter Orion, for when, as was proper, they represented Orion as a hunter, they wanted to indicate what he was hunting, and so they put the fleeing hare at his feet. Some say that it was put there by Mercury, and that it had been given the faculty, beyond other kinds of quadrapeds, of being pregnant with new offspring when giving birth to others. Those who disagree with this reason say that so noble and great a hunter as Orion (we spoke about him in the discussion of Scorpio) shouldn't be represented hunting hares. Callimachus, too, is blamed, because, when he was singing the praises of Diana, he said she delighted in the flesh of hares and hunted them. So they have represented Orion fighting the Bull.<br /> <br /> The following story of the hare has been recorded. There were no hares on the island of Leros, and a certain young man of the state, led by a liking for the breed, brought in from another country a pregnant female, and watched over her very carefully as she bore her young. When she had borne them, many of the citizens developed an interest, and by acquiring some for money, some as gifts, they all began to raise hares. In no long time such a multitude of hares was produced that the whole island was swarming with them. When men gave them nothing to eat, they made inroads on the grain fields and devoured everything. The inhabitants, faced with disaster because of this, since they were reduced to hunger, by co-operation of the whole state were said at length to have driven them from the island, through with difficulty. So afterwards they put the image of a hare in the stars, that men should remember that there was nothing so desirable in life but that later they might experience more grief than pleasure from it. (Mary Ward 1960)</blockquote><br /> <br /> ===== Geminos =====<br /> <br /> ==== Almagest Λαγωός ====<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> !id<br /> !Greek<br /> (Heiberg 1898)<br /> !English<br /> (Toomer 1984)<br /> !ident.<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Λαγωοῦ ἀστερισμός<br /> !constellation of the Hare<br /> !<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |τοῦ κατὰ τῶν ὤτων τετραπλεύρου τῆς ἠγουμένης πλευρᾶς ὁ βόρειος.<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the northcrn star an the advance side<br /> |iot Lep<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |ὁ νότιος τῆς ἠγουμένης πλευρᾶς<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the southern star on the advance side<br /> |kap Lep<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |τῆς ἐπομένης πλευρᾶς ὁ βόρειος<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the northern star on the rear side<br /> |nu Lep<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |ὁ φότιος τῆς ἐπομένης πλευρᾶς<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the southern star on the rear side<br /> |lam Lep<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |ὁ ἐῃ τῷ γερείῳ.<br /> |The star in the cheek<br /> |mu Lep<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμπροσθίου ἀριστεροῦ ἀκρόποδος<br /> |The star on the left front foot<br /> |eps Lep<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |ὁ ἐν μέσῳ τῷ σώματι<br /> |The star in the middle of the body<br /> |alf Lep<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |ὁ ὑπὸ τὴν κοιλίαυ<br /> |The star under thc bellv<br /> |bet Lep<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |τῶν ἐν τοῦς ὀπισθίοις ποσὶο β ὁ βορειότερος<br /> |The northernmost of th~ 2 stars in the hind legs<br /> |del Lep<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |ὁ νοτιώτερος αὐτῶν<br /> |Thc southcrnmost of them<br /> |gam Lep<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ὀσφύος.<br /> |The star on the rump<br /> |zet Lep<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |ὁ ἐπ’ ἄκρας τῆς οὐρᾶς<br /> |The star on the tip of the tail<br /> |eta Lep<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |all<br /> |ἀστέρες ἰβ, ὧν γ μεγέθους β, δ’s, ε' δ<br /> |{12 stars, 2 of the third magnitude, 6 of the fourth, 4 of the fifth}<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> [[File:Lagos Youla CH.png|thumb|Convex Hull for the stars inside Lagos (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).]]<br /> <br /> ===== Stars within the Constellation Area =====<br /> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"<br /> |+<br /> !id<br /> !Label<br /> !IAU design.<br /> !description<br /> !Vmag<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |Arneb<br /> |HIP 25985<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |2.57<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |Nihal<br /> |HIP 25606<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |2.84<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |ϵ Leporis<br /> |HIP 23685<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.18<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |μ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24305<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |3.29<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |ζ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27288<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |3.525<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |γ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27072<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.6<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |η Leporis<br /> |HIP 28103<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.72<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |δ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27654<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.85<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |λ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24845<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.29<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |κ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24327<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.44<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |ι Leporis<br /> |HIP 24244<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |4.45<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24927<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.729<br /> |-<br /> |13<br /> |17 Lep<br /> |HIP 28816<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |4.93<br /> |-<br /> |14<br /> |8 Lep<br /> |HIP 25202<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.229<br /> |-<br /> |15<br /> |ν Leporis<br /> |HIP 24873<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.284<br /> |-<br /> |16<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24679<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.488<br /> |-<br /> |17<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27517<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.49<br /> |-<br /> |18<br /> |10 Lep<br /> |HIP 25853<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.525<br /> |-<br /> |19<br /> | -<br /> |HR 2021<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.58<br /> |-<br /> |20<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25280<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.636<br /> |-<br /> |21<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26966<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.727<br /> |-<br /> |22<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25397<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.817<br /> |-<br /> |23<br /> |12 Lep<br /> |HIP 26865<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.89<br /> |-<br /> |24<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24786<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.96<br /> |-<br /> |25<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25532<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.065<br /> |-<br /> |26<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26866<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.144<br /> |-<br /> |27<br /> |V* AK Lep<br /> |HR 1982<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.15<br /> |-<br /> |28<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27308<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.157<br /> |-<br /> |29<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26821<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.2<br /> |-<br /> |30<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24394<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.21<br /> |-<br /> |31<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27075<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.341<br /> |-<br /> |32<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24825<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.39<br /> |-<br /> |33<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25059<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.47<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Arabic Tradition ===<br /> [[File:Arneb Lepus+ThroneETCofJawza RL.png|thumb|The Arabic constellations of the (classical) Hare next to some autriches and the throne and footprint of al-Jawza (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> When Arabic scholars adopted the constellations from the Almagest (written in Greek), they mixed those with indigenous Arabian constellations. <br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025) elaborates: <blockquote>This constellation, known as ''Λαγωός / Lagōos'', the ‘Hare’, to the Greeks since Eudoxus, was adopted by the Arabs through the astronomers of the classical period, who named it al-Arnab, meaning the same thing. Arabic ''al-Arnab'', al-Ḥağğāğ > the ancient Latin name ''Lepus'', Gerard of Cremona.</blockquote>Next to the (classical) Hare, they placed the indigenous ostriches and the throne ([[Arshaljawza]]) and foot ([[Kursialjawza]]) of the female giant, [[Jawza|al-Jawza]]. Hence in the imagination of the ancient Arabs, we find several representations in this celestial realm: <br /> <br /> * ''al-Arnab,'' the Hare (see α Lep, [[Arneb]])<br /> * ''al-Nihāl'', ‘the [Ostriches] that have quenched their thirst ” (see ''β Lep'', [[Nihal]]), a group belonging to the great animal scene of the Ostriches extending eastwards to ''al-Ẓalīm'', “the male Ostrich”,<br /> * the Throne of al-Jawza ([[Arshaljawza]])<br /> * and her footrest ([[Kursialjawza]])<br /> <br /> '''''Λαγωός / al-Arnab,'' ‘the Hare’ (Ḥağğāğ, Isḥāq)''' <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> !Arabic<br /> (orig.)<br /> ! valign="top" |Transliteration<br /> ! valign="top" |Translation<br /> !Identification <br /> (RL)<br /> ! valign="top" |author<br /> |-<br /> | <br /> | valign="top" |''Wasaṭ al-Badan''<br /> | valign="top" |the middle of the body<br /> | valign="top" |''α Lep''<br /> | valign="top" |Battānī<br /> |-<br /> | <br /> | valign="top" |''Badan al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the body of the Hare<br /> |<br /> | valign="top" |Marrākušī<br /> |-<br /> | <br /> | valign="top" |''Ẓhar al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the back of the Hare<br /> |<br /> | valign="top" |Tīzīnī<br /> |-<br /> | <br /> | valign="top" |''Baṭn al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the belly of the Hare<br /> | valign="top" |''β Lep''<br /> | valign="top" |Marrākušī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" |<br /> | valign="top" |''Yad al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the hare's paw<br /> | valign="top" |''ε Lep''<br /> | valign="top" |Battānī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" |<br /> | valign="top" |''Kaff al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the hare's paw<br /> | valign="top" | <br /> | valign="top" |Tīzīnī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" |<br /> | valign="top" |''al-Qaṭan''<br /> | valign="top" |the kidney<br /> | valign="top" |''ζ Lep''<br /> | valign="top" |Battānī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" |<br /> | valign="top" |''Ṭaraf al-Ḏanab''<br /> | valign="top" |the tip of the tail<br /> | valign="top" |''η Lep''<br /> | valign="top" |Battānī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" |<br /> | valign="top" |''Ḏanab al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the tail of the hare<br /> | valign="top" | <br /> | valign="top" |Miṣrī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" |<br /> | valign="top" |''al-Ḏaqan''<br /> | valign="top" |the chin<br /> | valign="top" |''μ Lep''<br /> | valign="top" |Battānī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" | <br /> | valign="top" |''Ḏaqan al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the hare's chin <br /> |<br /> | valign="top" |Tīzīnī<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===<br /> <gallery><br /> File:Rooster stellarium.jpg|Babylonian Rooster (Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium 2022).<br /> File:Ori-grp Kugel hi smh.gif|Orion-Group with Hare on the Kugel Globe; SMH 2025.<br /> File:Arneb Lepus+ThroneETCofJawza RL.png|Arabic Hare with autriches and Jawza (Roland Laffitte 2025)<br /> </gallery><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> '''Greek'''<ref name=":0" /> <br /> <br /> Eratosthenes explains the hare in relation to the hunting scene mentioned above. Hares were popular prey, and according to Pliny, popular belief held that hare meat made the body more beautiful for nine days.<br /> <br /> Hermes, the messenger of the gods, is said to have placed the hare among the stars: both hares and the messenger of the gods are popularly regarded as particularly fast and skilled travellers, even beyond roads and well-trodden paths. They are therefore also considered particularly clever: Mercury/Hermes is also the god responsible for quick thinking.<br /> <br /> Eratosthenes, however, limits himself to stating the biological characteristics of the hare, so that there was probably no real myth here, but rather the constellation was simply given a meaning for didactic purposes.<br /> <br /> In particular, he reports that the hare is the only quadruped that can be pregnant with several young at the same time, some of which it keeps in its belly while others are born. Here he alludes to the fact that female hares can be pregnant by different hares at the same time. This so-called superfecundation can lead to a time lag between births, meaning that even foetuses from the same cycle are not born at the same time. What Eratosthenes and his source Aristotle did not know is that this is also possible in other animals – even in humans, which is reported in the tabloid media due to its rarity.<br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> *[[References]] (general)<br /> *[[References (Babylonian)]]<br /> *[[References (Greco-Roman)|References (ancient Greco-Roman)]]<br /> *[[References (Medieval and Early Modern)|References (medieval)]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Eurasia]] <br /> [[Category:Constellation]] <br /> [[Category:Almagest]] <br /> [[Category:Mesopotamian]] <br /> [[Category:West Asian]] <br /> [[Category:Modern]]<br /> [[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]] <br /> [[Category:European]]<br /> [[Category:4work]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Lepus&diff=40739 Lepus 2026-03-28T11:17:53Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: /* Arabic Tradition */</p> <hr /> <div>Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> [[File:Lepus IAU.svg|alt=star chart|thumb|Lep star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]<br /> One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations|88 IAU constellations]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> [[File:Ori-grp Kugel hi smh.gif|thumb|Orion-Group of constellations on the Kugel Globe, drawing and animated GIF by SMH 2025.]]<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref>Alongside Andromeda and Perseus, the group around Orion forms the second mythological constellation complex. It is said to depict a hunting scene. The hare is pursued by one or two hounds of Orion. This is how it can be seen in the sky: The hare stands to the west of the constellation of the Great Dog, so it rises before it and runs in front of it the whole time during the night. <br /> <br /> ===Origin of Constellation===<br /> [[File:Rooster stellarium.jpg|thumb|Rooster in Babylonian uranography, painting by Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium (2022).]]<br /> <br /> ==== Babylonian ====<br /> The constellation has no Babylonian origin, because in Mesopotamia there was the constellation of the Rooster ([[DAR.LUGAL]]) in this position. <br /> <br /> MUL.APIN was copied throughout the -1st millennium, so presumably continued to be used in Babylonian astronomy. It is therefore unclear when and where the transformation from the rooster to the hare took place. It is quite possible that the hare was a separate Greek constellation or originated from another conquered civilisation.<br /> <br /> ==== Greco-Roman ====<br /> <br /> ===== Aratus =====<br /> <blockquote>Under the two feet of Orion the Hare is hunted constantly all the time: Sirius moves for ever behind it as if in pursuit, [341] rises after it and watches it as it sets. (Kidd 1997)</blockquote><br /> <br /> ===== Eratosthenes =====<br /> <br /> ===== Hipparchus =====<br /> <br /> ====== Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) ======<br /> <blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote><br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+<br /> !<br /> ! colspan="2" |east<br /> ! colspan="2" |south<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Gem 27<br /> |Cnc 11 1/2<br /> |Psc 4<br /> |Psc 25<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |star<br /> |of the four in the ears, the front one of the northern (iot.)<br /> |the southern one of those in the rear feet<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |duration<br /> | colspan="4" |1 1/5 hours = 72 min = 18 degree<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====== Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) ======<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> !<br /> ! colspan="2" |west<br /> ! colspan="2" |south<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Ari 26 1/2<br /> |Tau 14<br /> |Cnc 30<br /> |Leo 21<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |star<br /> |the one in the front feet<br /> |the one at the tip of the tail<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |duration<br /> | colspan="4" |1 1/3 hours = 80 min = 20°<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====== Stars Mentioned ======<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+<br /> !<br /> !Greek<br /> !German<br /> !English<br /> !ident.<br /> !src<br /> !<br /> !lam_culm<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap V §10<br /> |rising, east, first<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap V §10<br /> |rising, east, last<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap VI §2<br /> |setting CrB, south, last<br /> |Psc 13.5<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap VI §13<br /> |setting Aql, south, first<br /> |Ari 2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib III Cap I §9<br /> |rising Ori, south, last<br /> |Psc 13<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====<br /> <blockquote>The hare is said to be fleeing the dog of the hunter Orion, for when, as was proper, they represented Orion as a hunter, they wanted to indicate what he was hunting, and so they put the fleeing hare at his feet. Some say that it was put there by Mercury, and that it had been given the faculty, beyond other kinds of quadrapeds, of being pregnant with new offspring when giving birth to others. Those who disagree with this reason say that so noble and great a hunter as Orion (we spoke about him in the discussion of Scorpio) shouldn't be represented hunting hares. Callimachus, too, is blamed, because, when he was singing the praises of Diana, he said she delighted in the flesh of hares and hunted them. So they have represented Orion fighting the Bull.<br /> <br /> The following story of the hare has been recorded. There were no hares on the island of Leros, and a certain young man of the state, led by a liking for the breed, brought in from another country a pregnant female, and watched over her very carefully as she bore her young. When she had borne them, many of the citizens developed an interest, and by acquiring some for money, some as gifts, they all began to raise hares. In no long time such a multitude of hares was produced that the whole island was swarming with them. When men gave them nothing to eat, they made inroads on the grain fields and devoured everything. The inhabitants, faced with disaster because of this, since they were reduced to hunger, by co-operation of the whole state were said at length to have driven them from the island, through with difficulty. So afterwards they put the image of a hare in the stars, that men should remember that there was nothing so desirable in life but that later they might experience more grief than pleasure from it. (Mary Ward 1960)</blockquote><br /> <br /> ===== Geminos =====<br /> <br /> ==== Almagest Λαγωός ====<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> !id<br /> !Greek<br /> (Heiberg 1898)<br /> !English<br /> (Toomer 1984)<br /> !ident.<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Λαγωοῦ ἀστερισμός<br /> !constellation of the Hare<br /> !<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |τοῦ κατὰ τῶν ὤτων τετραπλεύρου τῆς ἠγουμένης πλευρᾶς ὁ βόρειος.<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the northcrn star an the advance side<br /> |iot Lep<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |ὁ νότιος τῆς ἠγουμένης πλευρᾶς<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the southern star on the advance side<br /> |kap Lep<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |τῆς ἐπομένης πλευρᾶς ὁ βόρειος<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the northern star on the rear side<br /> |nu Lep<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |ὁ φότιος τῆς ἐπομένης πλευρᾶς<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the southern star on the rear side<br /> |lam Lep<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |ὁ ἐῃ τῷ γερείῳ.<br /> |The star in the cheek<br /> |mu Lep<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμπροσθίου ἀριστεροῦ ἀκρόποδος<br /> |The star on the left front foot<br /> |eps Lep<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |ὁ ἐν μέσῳ τῷ σώματι<br /> |The star in the middle of the body<br /> |alf Lep<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |ὁ ὑπὸ τὴν κοιλίαυ<br /> |The star under thc bellv<br /> |bet Lep<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |τῶν ἐν τοῦς ὀπισθίοις ποσὶο β ὁ βορειότερος<br /> |The northernmost of th~ 2 stars in the hind legs<br /> |del Lep<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |ὁ νοτιώτερος αὐτῶν<br /> |Thc southcrnmost of them<br /> |gam Lep<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ὀσφύος.<br /> |The star on the rump<br /> |zet Lep<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |ὁ ἐπ’ ἄκρας τῆς οὐρᾶς<br /> |The star on the tip of the tail<br /> |eta Lep<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |all<br /> |ἀστέρες ἰβ, ὧν γ μεγέθους β, δ’s, ε' δ<br /> |{12 stars, 2 of the third magnitude, 6 of the fourth, 4 of the fifth}<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> [[File:Lagos Youla CH.png|thumb|Convex Hull for the stars inside Lagos (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).]]<br /> <br /> ===== Stars within the Constellation Area =====<br /> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"<br /> |+<br /> !id<br /> !Label<br /> !IAU design.<br /> !description<br /> !Vmag<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |Arneb<br /> |HIP 25985<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |2.57<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |Nihal<br /> |HIP 25606<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |2.84<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |ϵ Leporis<br /> |HIP 23685<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.18<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |μ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24305<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |3.29<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |ζ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27288<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |3.525<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |γ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27072<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.6<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |η Leporis<br /> |HIP 28103<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.72<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |δ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27654<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.85<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |λ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24845<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.29<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |κ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24327<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.44<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |ι Leporis<br /> |HIP 24244<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |4.45<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24927<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.729<br /> |-<br /> |13<br /> |17 Lep<br /> |HIP 28816<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |4.93<br /> |-<br /> |14<br /> |8 Lep<br /> |HIP 25202<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.229<br /> |-<br /> |15<br /> |ν Leporis<br /> |HIP 24873<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.284<br /> |-<br /> |16<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24679<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.488<br /> |-<br /> |17<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27517<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.49<br /> |-<br /> |18<br /> |10 Lep<br /> |HIP 25853<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.525<br /> |-<br /> |19<br /> | -<br /> |HR 2021<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.58<br /> |-<br /> |20<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25280<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.636<br /> |-<br /> |21<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26966<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.727<br /> |-<br /> |22<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25397<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.817<br /> |-<br /> |23<br /> |12 Lep<br /> |HIP 26865<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.89<br /> |-<br /> |24<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24786<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.96<br /> |-<br /> |25<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25532<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.065<br /> |-<br /> |26<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26866<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.144<br /> |-<br /> |27<br /> |V* AK Lep<br /> |HR 1982<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.15<br /> |-<br /> |28<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27308<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.157<br /> |-<br /> |29<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26821<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.2<br /> |-<br /> |30<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24394<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.21<br /> |-<br /> |31<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27075<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.341<br /> |-<br /> |32<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24825<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.39<br /> |-<br /> |33<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25059<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.47<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Arabic Tradition ===<br /> [[File:Arneb Lepus+ThroneETCofJawza RL.png|thumb|The Arabic constellations of the (classical) Hare next to some autriches and the throne and footprint of al-Jawza (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> When Arabic scholars adopted the constellations from the Almagest (written in Greek), they mixed those with indigenous Arabian constellations. <br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025) elaborates: <blockquote>This constellation, known as ''Λαγωός / Lagōos'', the ‘Hare’, to the Greeks since Eudoxus, was adopted by the Arabs through the astronomers of the classical period, who named it al-Arnab, meaning the same thing. Arabic ''al-Arnab'', al-Ḥağğāğ > the ancient Latin name ''Lepus'', Gerard of Cremona.</blockquote>Next to the (classical) Hare, they placed the indigenous ostriches and the throne ([[Arshaljawza]]) and foot ([[Kursialjawza]]) of the female giant, [[Jawza|al-Jawza]]. Hence in the imagination of the ancient Arabs, we find several representations in this celestial realm: <br /> <br /> * ''al-Arnab,'' the Hare (see α Lep, Arneb)<br /> * ''al-Nihāl'', ‘the [Ostriches] that have quenched their thirst ” (see ''β Lep'', [[Nihal]]), a group belonging to the great animal scene of the Ostriches extending eastwards to ''al-Ẓalīm'', “the male Ostrich”,<br /> * the Throne of al-Jawza ([[Arshaljawza]])<br /> * and her footrest ([[Kursialjawza]])<br /> <br /> '''''Λαγωός / al-Arnab,'' ‘the Hare’ (Ḥağğāğ, Isḥāq)''' <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> !Arabic<br /> (orig.)<br /> ! valign="top" |Transliteration<br /> ! valign="top" |Translation<br /> !Identification <br /> (RL)<br /> ! valign="top" |author<br /> |-<br /> | <br /> | valign="top" |''Wasaṭ al-Badan''<br /> | valign="top" |the middle of the body<br /> | valign="top" |''α Lep''<br /> | valign="top" |Battānī<br /> |-<br /> | <br /> | valign="top" |''Badan al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the body of the Hare<br /> |<br /> | valign="top" |Marrākušī<br /> |-<br /> | <br /> | valign="top" |''Ẓhar al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the back of the Hare<br /> |<br /> | valign="top" |Tīzīnī<br /> |-<br /> | <br /> | valign="top" |''Baṭn al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the belly of the Hare<br /> | valign="top" |''β Lep''<br /> | valign="top" |Marrākušī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" |<br /> | valign="top" |''Yad al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the hare's paw<br /> | valign="top" |''ε Lep''<br /> | valign="top" |Battānī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" |<br /> | valign="top" |''Kaff al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the hare's paw<br /> | valign="top" | <br /> | valign="top" |Tīzīnī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" |<br /> | valign="top" |''al-Qaṭan''<br /> | valign="top" |the kidney<br /> | valign="top" |''ζ Lep''<br /> | valign="top" |Battānī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" |<br /> | valign="top" |''Ṭaraf al-Ḏanab''<br /> | valign="top" |the tip of the tail<br /> | valign="top" |''η Lep''<br /> | valign="top" |Battānī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" |<br /> | valign="top" |''Ḏanab al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the tail of the hare<br /> | valign="top" | <br /> | valign="top" |Miṣrī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" |<br /> | valign="top" |''al-Ḏaqan''<br /> | valign="top" |the chin<br /> | valign="top" |''μ Lep''<br /> | valign="top" |Battānī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" | <br /> | valign="top" |''Ḏaqan al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the hare's chin <br /> |<br /> | valign="top" |Tīzīnī<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===<br /> <gallery><br /> File:Rooster stellarium.jpg|Babylonian Rooster (Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium 2022).<br /> File:Ori-grp Kugel hi smh.gif|Orion-Group with Hare on the Kugel Globe; SMH 2025.<br /> File:Arneb Lepus+ThroneETCofJawza RL.png|Arabic Hare with autriches and Jawza (Roland Laffitte 2025)<br /> </gallery><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> '''Greek'''<ref name=":0" /> <br /> <br /> Eratosthenes explains the hare in relation to the hunting scene mentioned above. Hares were popular prey, and according to Pliny, popular belief held that hare meat made the body more beautiful for nine days.<br /> <br /> Hermes, the messenger of the gods, is said to have placed the hare among the stars: both hares and the messenger of the gods are popularly regarded as particularly fast and skilled travellers, even beyond roads and well-trodden paths. They are therefore also considered particularly clever: Mercury/Hermes is also the god responsible for quick thinking.<br /> <br /> Eratosthenes, however, limits himself to stating the biological characteristics of the hare, so that there was probably no real myth here, but rather the constellation was simply given a meaning for didactic purposes.<br /> <br /> In particular, he reports that the hare is the only quadruped that can be pregnant with several young at the same time, some of which it keeps in its belly while others are born. Here he alludes to the fact that female hares can be pregnant by different hares at the same time. This so-called superfecundation can lead to a time lag between births, meaning that even foetuses from the same cycle are not born at the same time. What Eratosthenes and his source Aristotle did not know is that this is also possible in other animals – even in humans, which is reported in the tabloid media due to its rarity.<br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> *[[References]] (general)<br /> *[[References (Babylonian)]]<br /> *[[References (Greco-Roman)|References (ancient Greco-Roman)]]<br /> *[[References (Medieval and Early Modern)|References (medieval)]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Eurasia]] <br /> [[Category:Constellation]] <br /> [[Category:Almagest]] <br /> [[Category:Mesopotamian]] <br /> [[Category:West Asian]] <br /> [[Category:Modern]]<br /> [[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]] <br /> [[Category:European]]<br /> [[Category:4work]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Lepus&diff=40738 Lepus 2026-03-28T11:10:31Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: /* Arabic Tradition */</p> <hr /> <div>Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> [[File:Lepus IAU.svg|alt=star chart|thumb|Lep star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]<br /> One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations|88 IAU constellations]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> [[File:Ori-grp Kugel hi smh.gif|thumb|Orion-Group of constellations on the Kugel Globe, drawing and animated GIF by SMH 2025.]]<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref>Alongside Andromeda and Perseus, the group around Orion forms the second mythological constellation complex. It is said to depict a hunting scene. The hare is pursued by one or two hounds of Orion. This is how it can be seen in the sky: The hare stands to the west of the constellation of the Great Dog, so it rises before it and runs in front of it the whole time during the night. <br /> <br /> ===Origin of Constellation===<br /> [[File:Rooster stellarium.jpg|thumb|Rooster in Babylonian uranography, painting by Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium (2022).]]<br /> <br /> ==== Babylonian ====<br /> The constellation has no Babylonian origin, because in Mesopotamia there was the constellation of the Rooster ([[DAR.LUGAL]]) in this position. <br /> <br /> MUL.APIN was copied throughout the -1st millennium, so presumably continued to be used in Babylonian astronomy. It is therefore unclear when and where the transformation from the rooster to the hare took place. It is quite possible that the hare was a separate Greek constellation or originated from another conquered civilisation.<br /> <br /> ==== Greco-Roman ====<br /> <br /> ===== Aratus =====<br /> <blockquote>Under the two feet of Orion the Hare is hunted constantly all the time: Sirius moves for ever behind it as if in pursuit, [341] rises after it and watches it as it sets. (Kidd 1997)</blockquote><br /> <br /> ===== Eratosthenes =====<br /> <br /> ===== Hipparchus =====<br /> <br /> ====== Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) ======<br /> <blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote><br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+<br /> !<br /> ! colspan="2" |east<br /> ! colspan="2" |south<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Gem 27<br /> |Cnc 11 1/2<br /> |Psc 4<br /> |Psc 25<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |star<br /> |of the four in the ears, the front one of the northern (iot.)<br /> |the southern one of those in the rear feet<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |duration<br /> | colspan="4" |1 1/5 hours = 72 min = 18 degree<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====== Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) ======<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> !<br /> ! colspan="2" |west<br /> ! colspan="2" |south<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Ari 26 1/2<br /> |Tau 14<br /> |Cnc 30<br /> |Leo 21<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |star<br /> |the one in the front feet<br /> |the one at the tip of the tail<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |duration<br /> | colspan="4" |1 1/3 hours = 80 min = 20°<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====== Stars Mentioned ======<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+<br /> !<br /> !Greek<br /> !German<br /> !English<br /> !ident.<br /> !src<br /> !<br /> !lam_culm<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap V §10<br /> |rising, east, first<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap V §10<br /> |rising, east, last<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap VI §2<br /> |setting CrB, south, last<br /> |Psc 13.5<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap VI §13<br /> |setting Aql, south, first<br /> |Ari 2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib III Cap I §9<br /> |rising Ori, south, last<br /> |Psc 13<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====<br /> <blockquote>The hare is said to be fleeing the dog of the hunter Orion, for when, as was proper, they represented Orion as a hunter, they wanted to indicate what he was hunting, and so they put the fleeing hare at his feet. Some say that it was put there by Mercury, and that it had been given the faculty, beyond other kinds of quadrapeds, of being pregnant with new offspring when giving birth to others. Those who disagree with this reason say that so noble and great a hunter as Orion (we spoke about him in the discussion of Scorpio) shouldn't be represented hunting hares. Callimachus, too, is blamed, because, when he was singing the praises of Diana, he said she delighted in the flesh of hares and hunted them. So they have represented Orion fighting the Bull.<br /> <br /> The following story of the hare has been recorded. There were no hares on the island of Leros, and a certain young man of the state, led by a liking for the breed, brought in from another country a pregnant female, and watched over her very carefully as she bore her young. When she had borne them, many of the citizens developed an interest, and by acquiring some for money, some as gifts, they all began to raise hares. In no long time such a multitude of hares was produced that the whole island was swarming with them. When men gave them nothing to eat, they made inroads on the grain fields and devoured everything. The inhabitants, faced with disaster because of this, since they were reduced to hunger, by co-operation of the whole state were said at length to have driven them from the island, through with difficulty. So afterwards they put the image of a hare in the stars, that men should remember that there was nothing so desirable in life but that later they might experience more grief than pleasure from it. (Mary Ward 1960)</blockquote><br /> <br /> ===== Geminos =====<br /> <br /> ==== Almagest Λαγωός ====<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> !id<br /> !Greek<br /> (Heiberg 1898)<br /> !English<br /> (Toomer 1984)<br /> !ident.<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Λαγωοῦ ἀστερισμός<br /> !constellation of the Hare<br /> !<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |τοῦ κατὰ τῶν ὤτων τετραπλεύρου τῆς ἠγουμένης πλευρᾶς ὁ βόρειος.<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the northcrn star an the advance side<br /> |iot Lep<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |ὁ νότιος τῆς ἠγουμένης πλευρᾶς<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the southern star on the advance side<br /> |kap Lep<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |τῆς ἐπομένης πλευρᾶς ὁ βόρειος<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the northern star on the rear side<br /> |nu Lep<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |ὁ φότιος τῆς ἐπομένης πλευρᾶς<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the southern star on the rear side<br /> |lam Lep<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |ὁ ἐῃ τῷ γερείῳ.<br /> |The star in the cheek<br /> |mu Lep<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμπροσθίου ἀριστεροῦ ἀκρόποδος<br /> |The star on the left front foot<br /> |eps Lep<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |ὁ ἐν μέσῳ τῷ σώματι<br /> |The star in the middle of the body<br /> |alf Lep<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |ὁ ὑπὸ τὴν κοιλίαυ<br /> |The star under thc bellv<br /> |bet Lep<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |τῶν ἐν τοῦς ὀπισθίοις ποσὶο β ὁ βορειότερος<br /> |The northernmost of th~ 2 stars in the hind legs<br /> |del Lep<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |ὁ νοτιώτερος αὐτῶν<br /> |Thc southcrnmost of them<br /> |gam Lep<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ὀσφύος.<br /> |The star on the rump<br /> |zet Lep<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |ὁ ἐπ’ ἄκρας τῆς οὐρᾶς<br /> |The star on the tip of the tail<br /> |eta Lep<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |all<br /> |ἀστέρες ἰβ, ὧν γ μεγέθους β, δ’s, ε' δ<br /> |{12 stars, 2 of the third magnitude, 6 of the fourth, 4 of the fifth}<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> [[File:Lagos Youla CH.png|thumb|Convex Hull for the stars inside Lagos (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).]]<br /> <br /> ===== Stars within the Constellation Area =====<br /> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"<br /> |+<br /> !id<br /> !Label<br /> !IAU design.<br /> !description<br /> !Vmag<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |Arneb<br /> |HIP 25985<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |2.57<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |Nihal<br /> |HIP 25606<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |2.84<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |ϵ Leporis<br /> |HIP 23685<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.18<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |μ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24305<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |3.29<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |ζ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27288<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |3.525<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |γ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27072<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.6<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |η Leporis<br /> |HIP 28103<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.72<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |δ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27654<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.85<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |λ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24845<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.29<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |κ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24327<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.44<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |ι Leporis<br /> |HIP 24244<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |4.45<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24927<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.729<br /> |-<br /> |13<br /> |17 Lep<br /> |HIP 28816<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |4.93<br /> |-<br /> |14<br /> |8 Lep<br /> |HIP 25202<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.229<br /> |-<br /> |15<br /> |ν Leporis<br /> |HIP 24873<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.284<br /> |-<br /> |16<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24679<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.488<br /> |-<br /> |17<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27517<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.49<br /> |-<br /> |18<br /> |10 Lep<br /> |HIP 25853<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.525<br /> |-<br /> |19<br /> | -<br /> |HR 2021<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.58<br /> |-<br /> |20<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25280<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.636<br /> |-<br /> |21<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26966<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.727<br /> |-<br /> |22<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25397<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.817<br /> |-<br /> |23<br /> |12 Lep<br /> |HIP 26865<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.89<br /> |-<br /> |24<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24786<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.96<br /> |-<br /> |25<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25532<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.065<br /> |-<br /> |26<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26866<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.144<br /> |-<br /> |27<br /> |V* AK Lep<br /> |HR 1982<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.15<br /> |-<br /> |28<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27308<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.157<br /> |-<br /> |29<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26821<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.2<br /> |-<br /> |30<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24394<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.21<br /> |-<br /> |31<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27075<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.341<br /> |-<br /> |32<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24825<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.39<br /> |-<br /> |33<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25059<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.47<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Arabic Tradition ===<br /> [[File:Arneb Lepus+ThroneETCofJawza RL.png|thumb|The Arabic constellations of the (classical) Hare next to some autriches and the throne and footprint of al-Jawza (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> When Arabic scholars adopted the constellations from the Almagest (written in Greek), they mixed those with indigenous Arabian constellations. <br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025) elaborates: <blockquote>This constellation, known as ''Λαγωός / Lagōos'', the ‘Hare’, to the Greeks since Eudoxus, was adopted by the Arabs through the astronomers of the classical period, who named it al-Arnab, meaning the same thing. Arabic ''al-Arnab'', al-Ḥağğāğ > the ancient Latin name ''Lepus'', Gerard of Cremona.</blockquote>Next to the (classical) Hare, they placed the indigenous autriches and the throne ([[Arshaljawza]]) and foot ([[Kursialjawza]]) of the female giant, [[Jawza|al-Jawza]]. <br /> <br /> '''''Λαγωός / al-Arnab,'' ‘the Hare’ (Ḥağğāğ, Isḥāq)''' <br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> !Arabic<br /> (orig.)<br /> ! valign="top" |Transliteration<br /> ! valign="top" |Translation<br /> !Identification <br /> (RL)<br /> ! valign="top" |author<br /> |-<br /> | <br /> | valign="top" |''Wasaṭ al-Badan''<br /> | valign="top" |the middle of the body<br /> | valign="top" |''α Lep''<br /> | valign="top" |Battānī<br /> |-<br /> | <br /> | valign="top" |''Badan al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the body of the Hare<br /> |<br /> | valign="top" |Marrākušī<br /> |-<br /> | <br /> | valign="top" |''Ẓhar al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the back of the Hare<br /> |<br /> | valign="top" |Tīzīnī<br /> |-<br /> | <br /> | valign="top" |''Baṭn al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the belly of the Hare<br /> | valign="top" |''β Lep''<br /> | valign="top" |Marrākušī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" |<br /> | valign="top" |''Yad al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the hare's paw<br /> | valign="top" |''ε Lep''<br /> | valign="top" |Battānī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" |<br /> | valign="top" |''Kaff al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the hare's paw<br /> | valign="top" | <br /> | valign="top" |Tīzīnī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" |<br /> | valign="top" |''al-Qaṭan''<br /> | valign="top" |the kidney<br /> | valign="top" |''ζ Lep''<br /> | valign="top" |Battānī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" |<br /> | valign="top" |''Ṭaraf al-Ḏanab''<br /> | valign="top" |the tip of the tail<br /> | valign="top" |''η Lep''<br /> | valign="top" |Battānī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" |<br /> | valign="top" |''Ḏanab al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the tail of the hare<br /> | valign="top" | <br /> | valign="top" |Miṣrī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" |<br /> | valign="top" |''al-Ḏaqan''<br /> | valign="top" |the chin<br /> | valign="top" |''μ Lep''<br /> | valign="top" |Battānī<br /> |-<br /> | valign="top" | <br /> | valign="top" |''Ḏaqan al-Arnab''<br /> | valign="top" |the hare's chin <br /> |<br /> | valign="top" |Tīzīnī<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===<br /> <gallery><br /> File:Rooster stellarium.jpg|Babylonian Rooster (Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium 2022).<br /> File:Ori-grp Kugel hi smh.gif|Orion-Group with Hare on the Kugel Globe; SMH 2025.<br /> File:Arneb Lepus+ThroneETCofJawza RL.png|Arabic Hare with autriches and Jawza (Roland Laffitte 2025)<br /> </gallery><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> '''Greek'''<ref name=":0" /> <br /> <br /> Eratosthenes explains the hare in relation to the hunting scene mentioned above. Hares were popular prey, and according to Pliny, popular belief held that hare meat made the body more beautiful for nine days.<br /> <br /> Hermes, the messenger of the gods, is said to have placed the hare among the stars: both hares and the messenger of the gods are popularly regarded as particularly fast and skilled travellers, even beyond roads and well-trodden paths. They are therefore also considered particularly clever: Mercury/Hermes is also the god responsible for quick thinking.<br /> <br /> Eratosthenes, however, limits himself to stating the biological characteristics of the hare, so that there was probably no real myth here, but rather the constellation was simply given a meaning for didactic purposes.<br /> <br /> In particular, he reports that the hare is the only quadruped that can be pregnant with several young at the same time, some of which it keeps in its belly while others are born. Here he alludes to the fact that female hares can be pregnant by different hares at the same time. This so-called superfecundation can lead to a time lag between births, meaning that even foetuses from the same cycle are not born at the same time. What Eratosthenes and his source Aristotle did not know is that this is also possible in other animals – even in humans, which is reported in the tabloid media due to its rarity.<br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> *[[References]] (general)<br /> *[[References (Babylonian)]]<br /> *[[References (Greco-Roman)|References (ancient Greco-Roman)]]<br /> *[[References (Medieval and Early Modern)|References (medieval)]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Eurasia]] <br /> [[Category:Constellation]] <br /> [[Category:Almagest]] <br /> [[Category:Mesopotamian]] <br /> [[Category:West Asian]] <br /> [[Category:Modern]]<br /> [[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]] <br /> [[Category:European]]<br /> [[Category:4work]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Lepus&diff=40737 Lepus 2026-03-28T11:04:05Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: /* Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation */</p> <hr /> <div>Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> [[File:Lepus IAU.svg|alt=star chart|thumb|Lep star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]<br /> One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations|88 IAU constellations]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> [[File:Ori-grp Kugel hi smh.gif|thumb|Orion-Group of constellations on the Kugel Globe, drawing and animated GIF by SMH 2025.]]<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref>Alongside Andromeda and Perseus, the group around Orion forms the second mythological constellation complex. It is said to depict a hunting scene. The hare is pursued by one or two hounds of Orion. This is how it can be seen in the sky: The hare stands to the west of the constellation of the Great Dog, so it rises before it and runs in front of it the whole time during the night. <br /> <br /> ===Origin of Constellation===<br /> [[File:Rooster stellarium.jpg|thumb|Rooster in Babylonian uranography, painting by Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium (2022).]]<br /> <br /> ==== Babylonian ====<br /> The constellation has no Babylonian origin, because in Mesopotamia there was the constellation of the Rooster ([[DAR.LUGAL]]) in this position. <br /> <br /> MUL.APIN was copied throughout the -1st millennium, so presumably continued to be used in Babylonian astronomy. It is therefore unclear when and where the transformation from the rooster to the hare took place. It is quite possible that the hare was a separate Greek constellation or originated from another conquered civilisation.<br /> <br /> ==== Greco-Roman ====<br /> <br /> ===== Aratus =====<br /> <blockquote>Under the two feet of Orion the Hare is hunted constantly all the time: Sirius moves for ever behind it as if in pursuit, [341] rises after it and watches it as it sets. (Kidd 1997)</blockquote><br /> <br /> ===== Eratosthenes =====<br /> <br /> ===== Hipparchus =====<br /> <br /> ====== Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) ======<br /> <blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote><br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+<br /> !<br /> ! colspan="2" |east<br /> ! colspan="2" |south<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Gem 27<br /> |Cnc 11 1/2<br /> |Psc 4<br /> |Psc 25<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |star<br /> |of the four in the ears, the front one of the northern (iot.)<br /> |the southern one of those in the rear feet<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |duration<br /> | colspan="4" |1 1/5 hours = 72 min = 18 degree<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====== Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) ======<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> !<br /> ! colspan="2" |west<br /> ! colspan="2" |south<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Ari 26 1/2<br /> |Tau 14<br /> |Cnc 30<br /> |Leo 21<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |star<br /> |the one in the front feet<br /> |the one at the tip of the tail<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |duration<br /> | colspan="4" |1 1/3 hours = 80 min = 20°<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====== Stars Mentioned ======<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+<br /> !<br /> !Greek<br /> !German<br /> !English<br /> !ident.<br /> !src<br /> !<br /> !lam_culm<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap V §10<br /> |rising, east, first<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap V §10<br /> |rising, east, last<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap VI §2<br /> |setting CrB, south, last<br /> |Psc 13.5<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap VI §13<br /> |setting Aql, south, first<br /> |Ari 2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib III Cap I §9<br /> |rising Ori, south, last<br /> |Psc 13<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====<br /> <blockquote>The hare is said to be fleeing the dog of the hunter Orion, for when, as was proper, they represented Orion as a hunter, they wanted to indicate what he was hunting, and so they put the fleeing hare at his feet. Some say that it was put there by Mercury, and that it had been given the faculty, beyond other kinds of quadrapeds, of being pregnant with new offspring when giving birth to others. Those who disagree with this reason say that so noble and great a hunter as Orion (we spoke about him in the discussion of Scorpio) shouldn't be represented hunting hares. Callimachus, too, is blamed, because, when he was singing the praises of Diana, he said she delighted in the flesh of hares and hunted them. So they have represented Orion fighting the Bull.<br /> <br /> The following story of the hare has been recorded. There were no hares on the island of Leros, and a certain young man of the state, led by a liking for the breed, brought in from another country a pregnant female, and watched over her very carefully as she bore her young. When she had borne them, many of the citizens developed an interest, and by acquiring some for money, some as gifts, they all began to raise hares. In no long time such a multitude of hares was produced that the whole island was swarming with them. When men gave them nothing to eat, they made inroads on the grain fields and devoured everything. The inhabitants, faced with disaster because of this, since they were reduced to hunger, by co-operation of the whole state were said at length to have driven them from the island, through with difficulty. So afterwards they put the image of a hare in the stars, that men should remember that there was nothing so desirable in life but that later they might experience more grief than pleasure from it. (Mary Ward 1960)</blockquote><br /> <br /> ===== Geminos =====<br /> <br /> ==== Almagest Λαγωός ====<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> !id<br /> !Greek<br /> (Heiberg 1898)<br /> !English<br /> (Toomer 1984)<br /> !ident.<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Λαγωοῦ ἀστερισμός<br /> !constellation of the Hare<br /> !<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |τοῦ κατὰ τῶν ὤτων τετραπλεύρου τῆς ἠγουμένης πλευρᾶς ὁ βόρειος.<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the northcrn star an the advance side<br /> |iot Lep<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |ὁ νότιος τῆς ἠγουμένης πλευρᾶς<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the southern star on the advance side<br /> |kap Lep<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |τῆς ἐπομένης πλευρᾶς ὁ βόρειος<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the northern star on the rear side<br /> |nu Lep<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |ὁ φότιος τῆς ἐπομένης πλευρᾶς<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the southern star on the rear side<br /> |lam Lep<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |ὁ ἐῃ τῷ γερείῳ.<br /> |The star in the cheek<br /> |mu Lep<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμπροσθίου ἀριστεροῦ ἀκρόποδος<br /> |The star on the left front foot<br /> |eps Lep<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |ὁ ἐν μέσῳ τῷ σώματι<br /> |The star in the middle of the body<br /> |alf Lep<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |ὁ ὑπὸ τὴν κοιλίαυ<br /> |The star under thc bellv<br /> |bet Lep<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |τῶν ἐν τοῦς ὀπισθίοις ποσὶο β ὁ βορειότερος<br /> |The northernmost of th~ 2 stars in the hind legs<br /> |del Lep<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |ὁ νοτιώτερος αὐτῶν<br /> |Thc southcrnmost of them<br /> |gam Lep<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ὀσφύος.<br /> |The star on the rump<br /> |zet Lep<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |ὁ ἐπ’ ἄκρας τῆς οὐρᾶς<br /> |The star on the tip of the tail<br /> |eta Lep<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |all<br /> |ἀστέρες ἰβ, ὧν γ μεγέθους β, δ’s, ε' δ<br /> |{12 stars, 2 of the third magnitude, 6 of the fourth, 4 of the fifth}<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> [[File:Lagos Youla CH.png|thumb|Convex Hull for the stars inside Lagos (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).]]<br /> <br /> ===== Stars within the Constellation Area =====<br /> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"<br /> |+<br /> !id<br /> !Label<br /> !IAU design.<br /> !description<br /> !Vmag<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |Arneb<br /> |HIP 25985<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |2.57<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |Nihal<br /> |HIP 25606<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |2.84<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |ϵ Leporis<br /> |HIP 23685<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.18<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |μ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24305<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |3.29<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |ζ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27288<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |3.525<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |γ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27072<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.6<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |η Leporis<br /> |HIP 28103<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.72<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |δ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27654<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.85<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |λ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24845<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.29<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |κ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24327<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.44<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |ι Leporis<br /> |HIP 24244<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |4.45<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24927<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.729<br /> |-<br /> |13<br /> |17 Lep<br /> |HIP 28816<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |4.93<br /> |-<br /> |14<br /> |8 Lep<br /> |HIP 25202<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.229<br /> |-<br /> |15<br /> |ν Leporis<br /> |HIP 24873<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.284<br /> |-<br /> |16<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24679<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.488<br /> |-<br /> |17<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27517<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.49<br /> |-<br /> |18<br /> |10 Lep<br /> |HIP 25853<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.525<br /> |-<br /> |19<br /> | -<br /> |HR 2021<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.58<br /> |-<br /> |20<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25280<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.636<br /> |-<br /> |21<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26966<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.727<br /> |-<br /> |22<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25397<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.817<br /> |-<br /> |23<br /> |12 Lep<br /> |HIP 26865<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.89<br /> |-<br /> |24<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24786<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.96<br /> |-<br /> |25<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25532<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.065<br /> |-<br /> |26<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26866<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.144<br /> |-<br /> |27<br /> |V* AK Lep<br /> |HR 1982<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.15<br /> |-<br /> |28<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27308<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.157<br /> |-<br /> |29<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26821<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.2<br /> |-<br /> |30<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24394<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.21<br /> |-<br /> |31<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27075<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.341<br /> |-<br /> |32<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24825<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.39<br /> |-<br /> |33<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25059<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.47<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Arabic Tradition ===<br /> [[File:Arneb Lepus+ThroneETCofJawza RL.png|thumb|The Arabic constellations of the (classical) Hare next to some autriches and the throne and footprint of al-Jawza (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> When Arabic scholars adopted the constellations from the Almagest (written in Greek), they mixed those with indigenous Arabian constellations. <br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025) elaborates: <blockquote>This constellation, known as ''Λαγωός / Lagōos'', the ‘Hare’, to the Greeks since Eudoxus, was adopted by the Arabs through the astronomers of the classical period, who named it al-Arnab, meaning the same thing. Arabic ''al-Arnab'', al-Ḥağğāğ > the ancient Latin name ''Lepus'', Gerard of Cremona.</blockquote>Next to the (classical) Hare, they placed the indigenous autriches and the throne ([[Arshaljawza]]) and foot ([[Kursialjawza]]) of the female giant, [[Jawza|al-Jawza]]. <br /> <br /> ===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===<br /> <gallery><br /> File:Rooster stellarium.jpg|Babylonian Rooster (Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium 2022).<br /> File:Ori-grp Kugel hi smh.gif|Orion-Group with Hare on the Kugel Globe; SMH 2025.<br /> File:Arneb Lepus+ThroneETCofJawza RL.png|Arabic Hare with autriches and Jawza (Roland Laffitte 2025)<br /> </gallery><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> '''Greek'''<ref name=":0" /> <br /> <br /> Eratosthenes explains the hare in relation to the hunting scene mentioned above. Hares were popular prey, and according to Pliny, popular belief held that hare meat made the body more beautiful for nine days.<br /> <br /> Hermes, the messenger of the gods, is said to have placed the hare among the stars: both hares and the messenger of the gods are popularly regarded as particularly fast and skilled travellers, even beyond roads and well-trodden paths. They are therefore also considered particularly clever: Mercury/Hermes is also the god responsible for quick thinking.<br /> <br /> Eratosthenes, however, limits himself to stating the biological characteristics of the hare, so that there was probably no real myth here, but rather the constellation was simply given a meaning for didactic purposes.<br /> <br /> In particular, he reports that the hare is the only quadruped that can be pregnant with several young at the same time, some of which it keeps in its belly while others are born. Here he alludes to the fact that female hares can be pregnant by different hares at the same time. This so-called superfecundation can lead to a time lag between births, meaning that even foetuses from the same cycle are not born at the same time. What Eratosthenes and his source Aristotle did not know is that this is also possible in other animals – even in humans, which is reported in the tabloid media due to its rarity.<br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> *[[References]] (general)<br /> *[[References (Babylonian)]]<br /> *[[References (Greco-Roman)|References (ancient Greco-Roman)]]<br /> *[[References (Medieval and Early Modern)|References (medieval)]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Eurasia]] <br /> [[Category:Constellation]] <br /> [[Category:Almagest]] <br /> [[Category:Mesopotamian]] <br /> [[Category:West Asian]] <br /> [[Category:Modern]]<br /> [[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]] <br /> [[Category:European]]<br /> [[Category:4work]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Lepus&diff=40736 Lepus 2026-03-28T11:03:19Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: /* Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation */</p> <hr /> <div>Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> [[File:Lepus IAU.svg|alt=star chart|thumb|Lep star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]<br /> One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations|88 IAU constellations]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> [[File:Ori-grp Kugel hi smh.gif|thumb|Orion-Group of constellations on the Kugel Globe, drawing and animated GIF by SMH 2025.]]<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref>Alongside Andromeda and Perseus, the group around Orion forms the second mythological constellation complex. It is said to depict a hunting scene. The hare is pursued by one or two hounds of Orion. This is how it can be seen in the sky: The hare stands to the west of the constellation of the Great Dog, so it rises before it and runs in front of it the whole time during the night. <br /> <br /> ===Origin of Constellation===<br /> [[File:Rooster stellarium.jpg|thumb|Rooster in Babylonian uranography, painting by Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium (2022).]]<br /> <br /> ==== Babylonian ====<br /> The constellation has no Babylonian origin, because in Mesopotamia there was the constellation of the Rooster ([[DAR.LUGAL]]) in this position. <br /> <br /> MUL.APIN was copied throughout the -1st millennium, so presumably continued to be used in Babylonian astronomy. It is therefore unclear when and where the transformation from the rooster to the hare took place. It is quite possible that the hare was a separate Greek constellation or originated from another conquered civilisation.<br /> <br /> ==== Greco-Roman ====<br /> <br /> ===== Aratus =====<br /> <blockquote>Under the two feet of Orion the Hare is hunted constantly all the time: Sirius moves for ever behind it as if in pursuit, [341] rises after it and watches it as it sets. (Kidd 1997)</blockquote><br /> <br /> ===== Eratosthenes =====<br /> <br /> ===== Hipparchus =====<br /> <br /> ====== Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) ======<br /> <blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote><br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+<br /> !<br /> ! colspan="2" |east<br /> ! colspan="2" |south<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Gem 27<br /> |Cnc 11 1/2<br /> |Psc 4<br /> |Psc 25<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |star<br /> |of the four in the ears, the front one of the northern (iot.)<br /> |the southern one of those in the rear feet<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |duration<br /> | colspan="4" |1 1/5 hours = 72 min = 18 degree<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====== Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) ======<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> !<br /> ! colspan="2" |west<br /> ! colspan="2" |south<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Ari 26 1/2<br /> |Tau 14<br /> |Cnc 30<br /> |Leo 21<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |star<br /> |the one in the front feet<br /> |the one at the tip of the tail<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |duration<br /> | colspan="4" |1 1/3 hours = 80 min = 20°<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====== Stars Mentioned ======<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+<br /> !<br /> !Greek<br /> !German<br /> !English<br /> !ident.<br /> !src<br /> !<br /> !lam_culm<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap V §10<br /> |rising, east, first<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap V §10<br /> |rising, east, last<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap VI §2<br /> |setting CrB, south, last<br /> |Psc 13.5<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap VI §13<br /> |setting Aql, south, first<br /> |Ari 2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib III Cap I §9<br /> |rising Ori, south, last<br /> |Psc 13<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====<br /> <blockquote>The hare is said to be fleeing the dog of the hunter Orion, for when, as was proper, they represented Orion as a hunter, they wanted to indicate what he was hunting, and so they put the fleeing hare at his feet. Some say that it was put there by Mercury, and that it had been given the faculty, beyond other kinds of quadrapeds, of being pregnant with new offspring when giving birth to others. Those who disagree with this reason say that so noble and great a hunter as Orion (we spoke about him in the discussion of Scorpio) shouldn't be represented hunting hares. Callimachus, too, is blamed, because, when he was singing the praises of Diana, he said she delighted in the flesh of hares and hunted them. So they have represented Orion fighting the Bull.<br /> <br /> The following story of the hare has been recorded. There were no hares on the island of Leros, and a certain young man of the state, led by a liking for the breed, brought in from another country a pregnant female, and watched over her very carefully as she bore her young. When she had borne them, many of the citizens developed an interest, and by acquiring some for money, some as gifts, they all began to raise hares. In no long time such a multitude of hares was produced that the whole island was swarming with them. When men gave them nothing to eat, they made inroads on the grain fields and devoured everything. The inhabitants, faced with disaster because of this, since they were reduced to hunger, by co-operation of the whole state were said at length to have driven them from the island, through with difficulty. So afterwards they put the image of a hare in the stars, that men should remember that there was nothing so desirable in life but that later they might experience more grief than pleasure from it. (Mary Ward 1960)</blockquote><br /> <br /> ===== Geminos =====<br /> <br /> ==== Almagest Λαγωός ====<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> !id<br /> !Greek<br /> (Heiberg 1898)<br /> !English<br /> (Toomer 1984)<br /> !ident.<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Λαγωοῦ ἀστερισμός<br /> !constellation of the Hare<br /> !<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |τοῦ κατὰ τῶν ὤτων τετραπλεύρου τῆς ἠγουμένης πλευρᾶς ὁ βόρειος.<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the northcrn star an the advance side<br /> |iot Lep<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |ὁ νότιος τῆς ἠγουμένης πλευρᾶς<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the southern star on the advance side<br /> |kap Lep<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |τῆς ἐπομένης πλευρᾶς ὁ βόρειος<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the northern star on the rear side<br /> |nu Lep<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |ὁ φότιος τῆς ἐπομένης πλευρᾶς<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the southern star on the rear side<br /> |lam Lep<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |ὁ ἐῃ τῷ γερείῳ.<br /> |The star in the cheek<br /> |mu Lep<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμπροσθίου ἀριστεροῦ ἀκρόποδος<br /> |The star on the left front foot<br /> |eps Lep<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |ὁ ἐν μέσῳ τῷ σώματι<br /> |The star in the middle of the body<br /> |alf Lep<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |ὁ ὑπὸ τὴν κοιλίαυ<br /> |The star under thc bellv<br /> |bet Lep<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |τῶν ἐν τοῦς ὀπισθίοις ποσὶο β ὁ βορειότερος<br /> |The northernmost of th~ 2 stars in the hind legs<br /> |del Lep<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |ὁ νοτιώτερος αὐτῶν<br /> |Thc southcrnmost of them<br /> |gam Lep<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ὀσφύος.<br /> |The star on the rump<br /> |zet Lep<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |ὁ ἐπ’ ἄκρας τῆς οὐρᾶς<br /> |The star on the tip of the tail<br /> |eta Lep<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |all<br /> |ἀστέρες ἰβ, ὧν γ μεγέθους β, δ’s, ε' δ<br /> |{12 stars, 2 of the third magnitude, 6 of the fourth, 4 of the fifth}<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> [[File:Lagos Youla CH.png|thumb|Convex Hull for the stars inside Lagos (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).]]<br /> <br /> ===== Stars within the Constellation Area =====<br /> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"<br /> |+<br /> !id<br /> !Label<br /> !IAU design.<br /> !description<br /> !Vmag<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |Arneb<br /> |HIP 25985<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |2.57<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |Nihal<br /> |HIP 25606<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |2.84<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |ϵ Leporis<br /> |HIP 23685<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.18<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |μ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24305<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |3.29<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |ζ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27288<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |3.525<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |γ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27072<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.6<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |η Leporis<br /> |HIP 28103<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.72<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |δ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27654<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.85<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |λ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24845<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.29<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |κ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24327<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.44<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |ι Leporis<br /> |HIP 24244<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |4.45<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24927<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.729<br /> |-<br /> |13<br /> |17 Lep<br /> |HIP 28816<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |4.93<br /> |-<br /> |14<br /> |8 Lep<br /> |HIP 25202<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.229<br /> |-<br /> |15<br /> |ν Leporis<br /> |HIP 24873<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.284<br /> |-<br /> |16<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24679<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.488<br /> |-<br /> |17<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27517<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.49<br /> |-<br /> |18<br /> |10 Lep<br /> |HIP 25853<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.525<br /> |-<br /> |19<br /> | -<br /> |HR 2021<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.58<br /> |-<br /> |20<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25280<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.636<br /> |-<br /> |21<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26966<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.727<br /> |-<br /> |22<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25397<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.817<br /> |-<br /> |23<br /> |12 Lep<br /> |HIP 26865<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.89<br /> |-<br /> |24<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24786<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.96<br /> |-<br /> |25<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25532<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.065<br /> |-<br /> |26<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26866<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.144<br /> |-<br /> |27<br /> |V* AK Lep<br /> |HR 1982<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.15<br /> |-<br /> |28<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27308<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.157<br /> |-<br /> |29<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26821<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.2<br /> |-<br /> |30<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24394<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.21<br /> |-<br /> |31<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27075<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.341<br /> |-<br /> |32<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24825<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.39<br /> |-<br /> |33<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25059<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.47<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Arabic Tradition ===<br /> [[File:Arneb Lepus+ThroneETCofJawza RL.png|thumb|The Arabic constellations of the (classical) Hare next to some autriches and the throne and footprint of al-Jawza (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> When Arabic scholars adopted the constellations from the Almagest (written in Greek), they mixed those with indigenous Arabian constellations. <br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025) elaborates: <blockquote>This constellation, known as ''Λαγωός / Lagōos'', the ‘Hare’, to the Greeks since Eudoxus, was adopted by the Arabs through the astronomers of the classical period, who named it al-Arnab, meaning the same thing. Arabic ''al-Arnab'', al-Ḥağğāğ > the ancient Latin name ''Lepus'', Gerard of Cremona.</blockquote>Next to the (classical) Hare, they placed the indigenous autriches and the throne ([[Arshaljawza]]) and foot ([[Kursialjawza]]) of the female giant, [[Jawza|al-Jawza]]. <br /> <br /> ===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===<br /> <gallery><br /> File:Rooster stellarium.jpg|Babylonian Rooster (Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium 2022).<br /> File:Ori-grp Kugel hi smh.gif|Orion-Group on the Kugel Globe; SMH 2025.<br /> File:Arneb Lepus+ThroneETCofJawza RL.png|Arabic (Roland Laffitte 2025)<br /> </gallery><br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> '''Greek'''<ref name=":0" /> <br /> <br /> Eratosthenes explains the hare in relation to the hunting scene mentioned above. Hares were popular prey, and according to Pliny, popular belief held that hare meat made the body more beautiful for nine days.<br /> <br /> Hermes, the messenger of the gods, is said to have placed the hare among the stars: both hares and the messenger of the gods are popularly regarded as particularly fast and skilled travellers, even beyond roads and well-trodden paths. They are therefore also considered particularly clever: Mercury/Hermes is also the god responsible for quick thinking.<br /> <br /> Eratosthenes, however, limits himself to stating the biological characteristics of the hare, so that there was probably no real myth here, but rather the constellation was simply given a meaning for didactic purposes.<br /> <br /> In particular, he reports that the hare is the only quadruped that can be pregnant with several young at the same time, some of which it keeps in its belly while others are born. Here he alludes to the fact that female hares can be pregnant by different hares at the same time. This so-called superfecundation can lead to a time lag between births, meaning that even foetuses from the same cycle are not born at the same time. What Eratosthenes and his source Aristotle did not know is that this is also possible in other animals – even in humans, which is reported in the tabloid media due to its rarity.<br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> *[[References]] (general)<br /> *[[References (Babylonian)]]<br /> *[[References (Greco-Roman)|References (ancient Greco-Roman)]]<br /> *[[References (Medieval and Early Modern)|References (medieval)]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Eurasia]] <br /> [[Category:Constellation]] <br /> [[Category:Almagest]] <br /> [[Category:Mesopotamian]] <br /> [[Category:West Asian]] <br /> [[Category:Modern]]<br /> [[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]] <br /> [[Category:European]]<br /> [[Category:4work]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Lepus&diff=40735 Lepus 2026-03-28T11:00:42Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: /* Arabic Tradition */</p> <hr /> <div>Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> [[File:Lepus IAU.svg|alt=star chart|thumb|Lep star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]<br /> One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations|88 IAU constellations]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> [[File:Ori-grp Kugel hi smh.gif|thumb|Orion-Group of constellations on the Kugel Globe, drawing and animated GIF by SMH 2025.]]<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref>Alongside Andromeda and Perseus, the group around Orion forms the second mythological constellation complex. It is said to depict a hunting scene. The hare is pursued by one or two hounds of Orion. This is how it can be seen in the sky: The hare stands to the west of the constellation of the Great Dog, so it rises before it and runs in front of it the whole time during the night. <br /> <br /> ===Origin of Constellation===<br /> [[File:Rooster stellarium.jpg|thumb|Rooster in Babylonian uranography, painting by Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium (2022).]]<br /> <br /> ==== Babylonian ====<br /> The constellation has no Babylonian origin, because in Mesopotamia there was the constellation of the Rooster ([[DAR.LUGAL]]) in this position. <br /> <br /> MUL.APIN was copied throughout the -1st millennium, so presumably continued to be used in Babylonian astronomy. It is therefore unclear when and where the transformation from the rooster to the hare took place. It is quite possible that the hare was a separate Greek constellation or originated from another conquered civilisation.<br /> <br /> ==== Greco-Roman ====<br /> <br /> ===== Aratus =====<br /> <blockquote>Under the two feet of Orion the Hare is hunted constantly all the time: Sirius moves for ever behind it as if in pursuit, [341] rises after it and watches it as it sets. (Kidd 1997)</blockquote><br /> <br /> ===== Eratosthenes =====<br /> <br /> ===== Hipparchus =====<br /> <br /> ====== Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) ======<br /> <blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote><br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+<br /> !<br /> ! colspan="2" |east<br /> ! colspan="2" |south<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Gem 27<br /> |Cnc 11 1/2<br /> |Psc 4<br /> |Psc 25<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |star<br /> |of the four in the ears, the front one of the northern (iot.)<br /> |the southern one of those in the rear feet<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |duration<br /> | colspan="4" |1 1/5 hours = 72 min = 18 degree<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====== Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) ======<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> !<br /> ! colspan="2" |west<br /> ! colspan="2" |south<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Ari 26 1/2<br /> |Tau 14<br /> |Cnc 30<br /> |Leo 21<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |star<br /> |the one in the front feet<br /> |the one at the tip of the tail<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |duration<br /> | colspan="4" |1 1/3 hours = 80 min = 20°<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====== Stars Mentioned ======<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+<br /> !<br /> !Greek<br /> !German<br /> !English<br /> !ident.<br /> !src<br /> !<br /> !lam_culm<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap V §10<br /> |rising, east, first<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap V §10<br /> |rising, east, last<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap VI §2<br /> |setting CrB, south, last<br /> |Psc 13.5<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap VI §13<br /> |setting Aql, south, first<br /> |Ari 2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib III Cap I §9<br /> |rising Ori, south, last<br /> |Psc 13<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====<br /> <blockquote>The hare is said to be fleeing the dog of the hunter Orion, for when, as was proper, they represented Orion as a hunter, they wanted to indicate what he was hunting, and so they put the fleeing hare at his feet. Some say that it was put there by Mercury, and that it had been given the faculty, beyond other kinds of quadrapeds, of being pregnant with new offspring when giving birth to others. Those who disagree with this reason say that so noble and great a hunter as Orion (we spoke about him in the discussion of Scorpio) shouldn't be represented hunting hares. Callimachus, too, is blamed, because, when he was singing the praises of Diana, he said she delighted in the flesh of hares and hunted them. So they have represented Orion fighting the Bull.<br /> <br /> The following story of the hare has been recorded. There were no hares on the island of Leros, and a certain young man of the state, led by a liking for the breed, brought in from another country a pregnant female, and watched over her very carefully as she bore her young. When she had borne them, many of the citizens developed an interest, and by acquiring some for money, some as gifts, they all began to raise hares. In no long time such a multitude of hares was produced that the whole island was swarming with them. When men gave them nothing to eat, they made inroads on the grain fields and devoured everything. The inhabitants, faced with disaster because of this, since they were reduced to hunger, by co-operation of the whole state were said at length to have driven them from the island, through with difficulty. So afterwards they put the image of a hare in the stars, that men should remember that there was nothing so desirable in life but that later they might experience more grief than pleasure from it. (Mary Ward 1960)</blockquote><br /> <br /> ===== Geminos =====<br /> <br /> ==== Almagest Λαγωός ====<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> !id<br /> !Greek<br /> (Heiberg 1898)<br /> !English<br /> (Toomer 1984)<br /> !ident.<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Λαγωοῦ ἀστερισμός<br /> !constellation of the Hare<br /> !<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |τοῦ κατὰ τῶν ὤτων τετραπλεύρου τῆς ἠγουμένης πλευρᾶς ὁ βόρειος.<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the northcrn star an the advance side<br /> |iot Lep<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |ὁ νότιος τῆς ἠγουμένης πλευρᾶς<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the southern star on the advance side<br /> |kap Lep<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |τῆς ἐπομένης πλευρᾶς ὁ βόρειος<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the northern star on the rear side<br /> |nu Lep<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |ὁ φότιος τῆς ἐπομένης πλευρᾶς<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the southern star on the rear side<br /> |lam Lep<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |ὁ ἐῃ τῷ γερείῳ.<br /> |The star in the cheek<br /> |mu Lep<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμπροσθίου ἀριστεροῦ ἀκρόποδος<br /> |The star on the left front foot<br /> |eps Lep<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |ὁ ἐν μέσῳ τῷ σώματι<br /> |The star in the middle of the body<br /> |alf Lep<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |ὁ ὑπὸ τὴν κοιλίαυ<br /> |The star under thc bellv<br /> |bet Lep<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |τῶν ἐν τοῦς ὀπισθίοις ποσὶο β ὁ βορειότερος<br /> |The northernmost of th~ 2 stars in the hind legs<br /> |del Lep<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |ὁ νοτιώτερος αὐτῶν<br /> |Thc southcrnmost of them<br /> |gam Lep<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ὀσφύος.<br /> |The star on the rump<br /> |zet Lep<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |ὁ ἐπ’ ἄκρας τῆς οὐρᾶς<br /> |The star on the tip of the tail<br /> |eta Lep<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |all<br /> |ἀστέρες ἰβ, ὧν γ μεγέθους β, δ’s, ε' δ<br /> |{12 stars, 2 of the third magnitude, 6 of the fourth, 4 of the fifth}<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> [[File:Lagos Youla CH.png|thumb|Convex Hull for the stars inside Lagos (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).]]<br /> <br /> ===== Stars within the Constellation Area =====<br /> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"<br /> |+<br /> !id<br /> !Label<br /> !IAU design.<br /> !description<br /> !Vmag<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |Arneb<br /> |HIP 25985<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |2.57<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |Nihal<br /> |HIP 25606<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |2.84<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |ϵ Leporis<br /> |HIP 23685<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.18<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |μ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24305<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |3.29<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |ζ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27288<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |3.525<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |γ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27072<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.6<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |η Leporis<br /> |HIP 28103<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.72<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |δ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27654<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.85<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |λ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24845<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.29<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |κ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24327<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.44<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |ι Leporis<br /> |HIP 24244<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |4.45<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24927<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.729<br /> |-<br /> |13<br /> |17 Lep<br /> |HIP 28816<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |4.93<br /> |-<br /> |14<br /> |8 Lep<br /> |HIP 25202<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.229<br /> |-<br /> |15<br /> |ν Leporis<br /> |HIP 24873<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.284<br /> |-<br /> |16<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24679<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.488<br /> |-<br /> |17<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27517<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.49<br /> |-<br /> |18<br /> |10 Lep<br /> |HIP 25853<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.525<br /> |-<br /> |19<br /> | -<br /> |HR 2021<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.58<br /> |-<br /> |20<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25280<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.636<br /> |-<br /> |21<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26966<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.727<br /> |-<br /> |22<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25397<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.817<br /> |-<br /> |23<br /> |12 Lep<br /> |HIP 26865<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.89<br /> |-<br /> |24<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24786<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.96<br /> |-<br /> |25<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25532<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.065<br /> |-<br /> |26<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26866<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.144<br /> |-<br /> |27<br /> |V* AK Lep<br /> |HR 1982<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.15<br /> |-<br /> |28<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27308<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.157<br /> |-<br /> |29<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26821<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.2<br /> |-<br /> |30<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24394<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.21<br /> |-<br /> |31<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27075<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.341<br /> |-<br /> |32<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24825<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.39<br /> |-<br /> |33<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25059<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.47<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Arabic Tradition ===<br /> [[File:Arneb Lepus+ThroneETCofJawza RL.png|thumb|The Arabic constellations of the (classical) Hare next to some autriches and the throne and footprint of al-Jawza (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> When Arabic scholars adopted the constellations from the Almagest (written in Greek), they mixed those with indigenous Arabian constellations. <br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025) elaborates: <blockquote>This constellation, known as ''Λαγωός / Lagōos'', the ‘Hare’, to the Greeks since Eudoxus, was adopted by the Arabs through the astronomers of the classical period, who named it al-Arnab, meaning the same thing. Arabic ''al-Arnab'', al-Ḥağğāğ > the ancient Latin name ''Lepus'', Gerard of Cremona.</blockquote>Next to the (classical) Hare, they placed the indigenous autriches and the throne ([[Arshaljawza]]) and foot ([[Kursialjawza]]) of the female giant, [[Jawza|al-Jawza]]. <br /> <br /> ===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===<br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> '''Greek'''<ref name=":0" /> <br /> <br /> Eratosthenes explains the hare in relation to the hunting scene mentioned above. Hares were popular prey, and according to Pliny, popular belief held that hare meat made the body more beautiful for nine days.<br /> <br /> Hermes, the messenger of the gods, is said to have placed the hare among the stars: both hares and the messenger of the gods are popularly regarded as particularly fast and skilled travellers, even beyond roads and well-trodden paths. They are therefore also considered particularly clever: Mercury/Hermes is also the god responsible for quick thinking.<br /> <br /> Eratosthenes, however, limits himself to stating the biological characteristics of the hare, so that there was probably no real myth here, but rather the constellation was simply given a meaning for didactic purposes.<br /> <br /> In particular, he reports that the hare is the only quadruped that can be pregnant with several young at the same time, some of which it keeps in its belly while others are born. Here he alludes to the fact that female hares can be pregnant by different hares at the same time. This so-called superfecundation can lead to a time lag between births, meaning that even foetuses from the same cycle are not born at the same time. What Eratosthenes and his source Aristotle did not know is that this is also possible in other animals – even in humans, which is reported in the tabloid media due to its rarity.<br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> *[[References]] (general)<br /> *[[References (Babylonian)]]<br /> *[[References (Greco-Roman)|References (ancient Greco-Roman)]]<br /> *[[References (Medieval and Early Modern)|References (medieval)]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Eurasia]] <br /> [[Category:Constellation]] <br /> [[Category:Almagest]] <br /> [[Category:Mesopotamian]] <br /> [[Category:West Asian]] <br /> [[Category:Modern]]<br /> [[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]] <br /> [[Category:European]]<br /> [[Category:4work]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=File:Arneb_Lepus%2BThroneETCofJawza_RL.png&diff=40734 File:Arneb Lepus+ThroneETCofJawza RL.png 2026-03-28T11:00:20Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: The Arabic constellations of the (classical) Hare next to some autriches and the throne and footprint of al-Jawza (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).</p> <hr /> <div>== Summary ==<br /> The Arabic constellations of the (classical) Hare next to some autriches and the throne and footprint of al-Jawza (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).<br /> == Licensing ==<br /> {{cc-by-4.0}}</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Lepus&diff=40733 Lepus 2026-03-28T10:59:00Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: /* Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation */</p> <hr /> <div>Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> [[File:Lepus IAU.svg|alt=star chart|thumb|Lep star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]<br /> One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations|88 IAU constellations]]. <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> [[File:Ori-grp Kugel hi smh.gif|thumb|Orion-Group of constellations on the Kugel Globe, drawing and animated GIF by SMH 2025.]]<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref>Alongside Andromeda and Perseus, the group around Orion forms the second mythological constellation complex. It is said to depict a hunting scene. The hare is pursued by one or two hounds of Orion. This is how it can be seen in the sky: The hare stands to the west of the constellation of the Great Dog, so it rises before it and runs in front of it the whole time during the night. <br /> <br /> ===Origin of Constellation===<br /> [[File:Rooster stellarium.jpg|thumb|Rooster in Babylonian uranography, painting by Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium (2022).]]<br /> <br /> ==== Babylonian ====<br /> The constellation has no Babylonian origin, because in Mesopotamia there was the constellation of the Rooster ([[DAR.LUGAL]]) in this position. <br /> <br /> MUL.APIN was copied throughout the -1st millennium, so presumably continued to be used in Babylonian astronomy. It is therefore unclear when and where the transformation from the rooster to the hare took place. It is quite possible that the hare was a separate Greek constellation or originated from another conquered civilisation.<br /> <br /> ==== Greco-Roman ====<br /> <br /> ===== Aratus =====<br /> <blockquote>Under the two feet of Orion the Hare is hunted constantly all the time: Sirius moves for ever behind it as if in pursuit, [341] rises after it and watches it as it sets. (Kidd 1997)</blockquote><br /> <br /> ===== Eratosthenes =====<br /> <br /> ===== Hipparchus =====<br /> <br /> ====== Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) ======<br /> <blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote><br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+<br /> !<br /> ! colspan="2" |east<br /> ! colspan="2" |south<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Gem 27<br /> |Cnc 11 1/2<br /> |Psc 4<br /> |Psc 25<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |star<br /> |of the four in the ears, the front one of the northern (iot.)<br /> |the southern one of those in the rear feet<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |duration<br /> | colspan="4" |1 1/5 hours = 72 min = 18 degree<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====== Setting (Lib II Cap VI §10) ======<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> !<br /> ! colspan="2" |west<br /> ! colspan="2" |south<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> !lam1<br /> !lam2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |Ari 26 1/2<br /> |Tau 14<br /> |Cnc 30<br /> |Leo 21<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |star<br /> |the one in the front feet<br /> |the one at the tip of the tail<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |duration<br /> | colspan="4" |1 1/3 hours = 80 min = 20°<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====== Stars Mentioned ======<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> |+<br /> !<br /> !Greek<br /> !German<br /> !English<br /> !ident.<br /> !src<br /> !<br /> !lam_culm<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap V §10<br /> |rising, east, first<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap V §10<br /> |rising, east, last<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap VI §2<br /> |setting CrB, south, last<br /> |Psc 13.5<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib II Cap VI §13<br /> |setting Aql, south, first<br /> |Ari 2<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lib III Cap I §9<br /> |rising Ori, south, last<br /> |Psc 13<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====<br /> <blockquote>The hare is said to be fleeing the dog of the hunter Orion, for when, as was proper, they represented Orion as a hunter, they wanted to indicate what he was hunting, and so they put the fleeing hare at his feet. Some say that it was put there by Mercury, and that it had been given the faculty, beyond other kinds of quadrapeds, of being pregnant with new offspring when giving birth to others. Those who disagree with this reason say that so noble and great a hunter as Orion (we spoke about him in the discussion of Scorpio) shouldn't be represented hunting hares. Callimachus, too, is blamed, because, when he was singing the praises of Diana, he said she delighted in the flesh of hares and hunted them. So they have represented Orion fighting the Bull.<br /> <br /> The following story of the hare has been recorded. There were no hares on the island of Leros, and a certain young man of the state, led by a liking for the breed, brought in from another country a pregnant female, and watched over her very carefully as she bore her young. When she had borne them, many of the citizens developed an interest, and by acquiring some for money, some as gifts, they all began to raise hares. In no long time such a multitude of hares was produced that the whole island was swarming with them. When men gave them nothing to eat, they made inroads on the grain fields and devoured everything. The inhabitants, faced with disaster because of this, since they were reduced to hunger, by co-operation of the whole state were said at length to have driven them from the island, through with difficulty. So afterwards they put the image of a hare in the stars, that men should remember that there was nothing so desirable in life but that later they might experience more grief than pleasure from it. (Mary Ward 1960)</blockquote><br /> <br /> ===== Geminos =====<br /> <br /> ==== Almagest Λαγωός ====<br /> {| class="wikitable"<br /> !id<br /> !Greek<br /> (Heiberg 1898)<br /> !English<br /> (Toomer 1984)<br /> !ident.<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Λαγωοῦ ἀστερισμός<br /> !constellation of the Hare<br /> !<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |τοῦ κατὰ τῶν ὤτων τετραπλεύρου τῆς ἠγουμένης πλευρᾶς ὁ βόρειος.<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the northcrn star an the advance side<br /> |iot Lep<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |ὁ νότιος τῆς ἠγουμένης πλευρᾶς<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the southern star on the advance side<br /> |kap Lep<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |τῆς ἐπομένης πλευρᾶς ὁ βόρειος<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the northern star on the rear side<br /> |nu Lep<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |ὁ φότιος τῆς ἐπομένης πλευρᾶς<br /> |The quadrilateral just over the ears: the southern star on the rear side<br /> |lam Lep<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |ὁ ἐῃ τῷ γερείῳ.<br /> |The star in the cheek<br /> |mu Lep<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμπροσθίου ἀριστεροῦ ἀκρόποδος<br /> |The star on the left front foot<br /> |eps Lep<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |ὁ ἐν μέσῳ τῷ σώματι<br /> |The star in the middle of the body<br /> |alf Lep<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |ὁ ὑπὸ τὴν κοιλίαυ<br /> |The star under thc bellv<br /> |bet Lep<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |τῶν ἐν τοῦς ὀπισθίοις ποσὶο β ὁ βορειότερος<br /> |The northernmost of th~ 2 stars in the hind legs<br /> |del Lep<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |ὁ νοτιώτερος αὐτῶν<br /> |Thc southcrnmost of them<br /> |gam Lep<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ὀσφύος.<br /> |The star on the rump<br /> |zet Lep<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |ὁ ἐπ’ ἄκρας τῆς οὐρᾶς<br /> |The star on the tip of the tail<br /> |eta Lep<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |all<br /> |ἀστέρες ἰβ, ὧν γ μεγέθους β, δ’s, ε' δ<br /> |{12 stars, 2 of the third magnitude, 6 of the fourth, 4 of the fifth}<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> [[File:Lagos Youla CH.png|thumb|Convex Hull for the stars inside Lagos (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).]]<br /> <br /> ===== Stars within the Constellation Area =====<br /> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"<br /> |+<br /> !id<br /> !Label<br /> !IAU design.<br /> !description<br /> !Vmag<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |Arneb<br /> |HIP 25985<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |2.57<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |Nihal<br /> |HIP 25606<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |2.84<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |ϵ Leporis<br /> |HIP 23685<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.18<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |μ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24305<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |3.29<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |ζ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27288<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |3.525<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |γ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27072<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.6<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |η Leporis<br /> |HIP 28103<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.72<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |δ Leporis<br /> |HIP 27654<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |3.85<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |λ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24845<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.29<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |κ Leporis<br /> |HIP 24327<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.44<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |ι Leporis<br /> |HIP 24244<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |4.45<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24927<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |4.729<br /> |-<br /> |13<br /> |17 Lep<br /> |HIP 28816<br /> |Constellation lines (Vertex)<br /> |4.93<br /> |-<br /> |14<br /> |8 Lep<br /> |HIP 25202<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.229<br /> |-<br /> |15<br /> |ν Leporis<br /> |HIP 24873<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.284<br /> |-<br /> |16<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24679<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.488<br /> |-<br /> |17<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27517<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.49<br /> |-<br /> |18<br /> |10 Lep<br /> |HIP 25853<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.525<br /> |-<br /> |19<br /> | -<br /> |HR 2021<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.58<br /> |-<br /> |20<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25280<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.636<br /> |-<br /> |21<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26966<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.727<br /> |-<br /> |22<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25397<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.817<br /> |-<br /> |23<br /> |12 Lep<br /> |HIP 26865<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |5.89<br /> |-<br /> |24<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24786<br /> |Constellation lines<br /> |5.96<br /> |-<br /> |25<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25532<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.065<br /> |-<br /> |26<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26866<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.144<br /> |-<br /> |27<br /> |V* AK Lep<br /> |HR 1982<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.15<br /> |-<br /> |28<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27308<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.157<br /> |-<br /> |29<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 26821<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.2<br /> |-<br /> |30<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24394<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.21<br /> |-<br /> |31<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 27075<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.341<br /> |-<br /> |32<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 24825<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.39<br /> |-<br /> |33<br /> | -<br /> |HIP 25059<br /> |Inside the hull<br /> |6.47<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Arabic Tradition ===<br /> When Arabic scholars adopted the constellations from the Almagest (written in Greek), they mixed those with indigenous Arabian constellations. <br /> <br /> Roland Laffitte (2025) elaborates: <blockquote>This constellation, known as ''Λαγωός / Lagōos'', the ‘Hare’, to the Greeks since Eudoxus, was adopted by the Arabs through the astronomers of the classical period, who named it al-Arnab, meaning the same thing. Arabic ''al-Arnab'', al-Ḥağğāğ > the ancient Latin name ''Lepus'', Gerard of Cremona.</blockquote>Next to the (classical) Hare, they placed the indigenous autriches and the throne ([[Arshaljawza]]) and foot ([[Kursialjawza]]) of the female giant, [[Jawza|al-Jawza]]. <br /> <br /> ===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===<br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> '''Greek'''<ref name=":0" /> <br /> <br /> Eratosthenes explains the hare in relation to the hunting scene mentioned above. Hares were popular prey, and according to Pliny, popular belief held that hare meat made the body more beautiful for nine days.<br /> <br /> Hermes, the messenger of the gods, is said to have placed the hare among the stars: both hares and the messenger of the gods are popularly regarded as particularly fast and skilled travellers, even beyond roads and well-trodden paths. They are therefore also considered particularly clever: Mercury/Hermes is also the god responsible for quick thinking.<br /> <br /> Eratosthenes, however, limits himself to stating the biological characteristics of the hare, so that there was probably no real myth here, but rather the constellation was simply given a meaning for didactic purposes.<br /> <br /> In particular, he reports that the hare is the only quadruped that can be pregnant with several young at the same time, some of which it keeps in its belly while others are born. Here he alludes to the fact that female hares can be pregnant by different hares at the same time. This so-called superfecundation can lead to a time lag between births, meaning that even foetuses from the same cycle are not born at the same time. What Eratosthenes and his source Aristotle did not know is that this is also possible in other animals – even in humans, which is reported in the tabloid media due to its rarity.<br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> <br /> *<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> *[[References]] (general)<br /> *[[References (Babylonian)]]<br /> *[[References (Greco-Roman)|References (ancient Greco-Roman)]]<br /> *[[References (Medieval and Early Modern)|References (medieval)]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Eurasia]] <br /> [[Category:Constellation]] <br /> [[Category:Almagest]] <br /> [[Category:Mesopotamian]] <br /> [[Category:West Asian]] <br /> [[Category:Modern]]<br /> [[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]] <br /> [[Category:European]]<br /> [[Category:4work]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte http://210.45.112.182:8088/index.php?title=Arneb&diff=40732 Arneb 2026-03-28T10:51:27Z

<p>Rolandlaffitte: </p> <hr /> <div>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Arneb (الأرنب)}}<br /> Authors: IAU-WGSN Etymology Group, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}<br /> ----<br /> Arneb ('''الأرن''ب''''') is a modern star name adopted by the International Astronomical Union in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names (IAU-CSN). Its origin is Arabic. It is the name of HIP 25985 (α Lep, HR 1865) in constellation [[Lepus]].<br /> <br /> ==Etymology and History==<br /> [[File:Arneb Lepus RL.png|thumb|Arneb (star name) within the Arabic constellation of The Hare (CC BY Roland Laffitte 2025).]]<br /> Borrowed by Piazzi, and now adopted by the IAU, this is the Arabic name for the constellation, namely ''al-Arnab'', ‘the Hare’.<ref>Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub.</ref><ref>Roland Laffitte (2012), ''Le ciel des Arabes,'' Librairie orientaliste Paul Geuthner</ref><ref name=":0">Roland Laffitte (2025), ''Nommer les étoile: 500 noms hérités des Arabes - Apport de l'uranographie arabe'', Orient des Mots</ref> <br /> <br /> Al-Ṣūfī (ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī, d. 986 CE), in his description of the constellation ''al-Arnab'', records that Arab observers designated the seventh through tenth stars of Lepus—those on the body of the “hare”—as ''Kursiyy al-Jawzāʾ al-Muʾakhkhar'' and ''ʿArsh al-Jawzāʾ'', on the grounds that they lie between Orion’s two feet in the position corresponding to a throne. He further notes that some works on ''al-Anwāʾ'' (seasonal star risings and settings) refer to these same stars as ''al-Nihāl''.<ref>al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. ''Kitāb al-kawākib.'' Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition 2021</ref><br /> <br /> see also [[Nihal]] for β Lep.<br /> <br /> === Alternative Name:<ref name=":0" /> ===<br /> Arsh. Ar. '''عرش الجوزاء''' ''<sup>c</sup>Arš al-Ğawzā’'', ‘the Footstool of Elgeuze’, al-Ṣūfī p/ ''αβγδ Lep'', see below, ''δ Lep''. ''Arsh'' introduced in the 19<sup>th</sup> century, noted in ''Century Dic''., Allen, Rumrill, Wiki.<br /> <br /> ==Mythology==<br /> <br /> ==IAU Working Group on Star Names==<br /> The name was adopted by the IAU WGSN on 2016/07/20. <br /> <br /> ==Weblinks==<br /> * Website of the IAU WGSN: https://exopla.net/<br /> <br /> ==Reference==<br /> *[[References|References (general)]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Star Name]][[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Lep]] [[Category:Arabic]]</div>

Rolandlaffitte