All Skies Encyclopaedia - User contributions [en]

Sagittarius

2026-07-01T03:31:03Z

YoulaAzkarrula: /* Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation */

Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
----
[[File:Sagittarius IAU.svg|alt=star chart|thumb|Sgr star chart (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine, Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg).]]
One of the [[:Category:88_IAU-Constellations|88 IAU constellations]]. Originally, it depicted the Mesopotamian god Pabilsaĝ ([[PA.BIL.SAG]]), a god of agriculture and war, later equated with Ninurta and depicted as a mixed creature of a human body attaced to horse body with wings and an additional scorpion tail. This complex image was simplified in Greek reception, and there drawn as a centaur.

==Etymology and History==
[[File:Pabilsag, ancêtre mésopotamien du Sagittaire,.jpg|thumb|profile of the figure of Pabilsag from a 12th century BCE kudurru. è.c. (Roland Laffitte 2023)]]
[[File:Kugel cen-lup-ara+sgr-sco.JPG|thumb|depiction on the Kugel Globe (4th c. CE): two centaurs in Cen and Sgr with Lup+Ara in between (drawing by SMH 2024).]]

===Origin of Constellation<ref name=":0">Hoffmann, Susanne M. Wie der Löwe an den Himmel kam. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2021</ref>===
This figure came to Greek culture from Mesopotamia as a zodiac sign. Since MUL.APIN, it has been called Pabilsang ([[PA.BIL.SAG]]). This is a deity depicted as a hybrid creature: a male upper body sits on a horse's body, which has a scorpion's tail and wings. Pabilsang is equated with Ninurta, a god of agriculture and war. This explains why he holds a bow and arrow – either for hunting or for defence.

Such a hybrid creature was unknown to the Greeks. The most similar creature in Greek culture and mythology is a centaur, which at least combines horse and human (although it does not have a scorpion's tail and wings). However, Eratosthenes questions whether this is a centaur: He has illustrations in which the archer has only two legs – horse legs. For this reason, and because centaurs cannot use bows and arrows, Eratosthenes prefers the opinion that this is the satyr Krotos, the son of the nurse of the Muses. He is considered a cultural founder, having invented the bow and arrow and used it to hunt animals.

Eratosthenes' belief that Sagittarius has a ship with him also points to a Babylonian influence and an accidental equation of the two-legged and four-legged figures. The Babylonian constellation Ship ([[MA2.GUR8|MA2.GUR8]]) refers to a river boat and must have been located near Sagittarius. Based on depictions of Babylonian river boats, the constellation [[Corona Australis]] is usually equated with the Babylonian ship. However, centaurs do not travel on ships, which is why, according to Eratosthenes, the ship is another argument against the centaur.

Eratosthenes' claim that Sagittarius is bipedal may seem surprising at first, as today he is depicted as a four-legged centaur in all common star charts.

The Almagest mentions three feet, a horse's body and a human torso, from which we can conclude that Ptolemy also thought of Sagittarius as a centaur. So how did Eratosthenes come to the conclusion that it could be a man with horse's legs?

On the zodiac of Dendera, a depiction in an Egyptian temple that was restored in the Ptolemaic period in the 1st century (i.e. only about 100 to 150 years after Eratosthenes), there are two Sagittarians: one with two legs and one with four legs. The four-legged one is in the part of the sky where the constellation Sagittarius is located. The two-legged archer stands next to the star [[Sirius]]. This is significant in that [[Sirius]] and the stars around it formed the two Babylonian constellations ‘Arrow’ ([[KAK.SI.SA2|KAK.SI.SA]]) and ‘Bow’ ([[PAN]]). The strong Babylonian influences are not surprising here, as there is evidence of a significant transfer of Babylonian mathematical astronomy to Greek astronomy in Egypt, especially in the 2nd century BCE.

==== Babylonian ====
see

* [[PA.BIL.SAG]]
<gallery>
File:Nabu-Kudurri-Usur.jpg|Pabilsag on Nabu kudurru
File:Kassites1.jpg|Pabilsag in Kassites
File:Sgr Pabilsag seal Wallenfels1993.png|Pabilsag on Mesopotamian seal print, Wallenfels (1993).
</gallery>

==== Greco-Roman ====

===== Aratus =====
<blockquote>[300] After much suffering at sea even in the previous month, when the sun inflames the bow and the Drawer of the bow, you should put ashore in the evening and not continue to trust the night. A sign of that season and that month will be the rising of the Scorpion at the end of night. [305] The Archer actually draws his great bow near the sting; the rising Scorpion stands a little ahead of him, and he then rises shortly after. At that time the head of Cynosura runs very high up at the end of night, and just before dawn Orion sets entirely, and Cepheus from hand to waist. (Kidd 1997)</blockquote>

===== Eratosthenes =====
Pamias and Zucker (2013,<ref>Pamìas, Jordi und Zucker, Arnaud (2013). Ératosthènes de Cyrène: Catastérrismes, Belles Lettres, Paris</ref> 85-87)<blockquote>'''Var. 1 (Περὶ τοῦ Τοξότου)''': This is the figure holding the bow, whom most people regard as a centaur, though others dispute this, arguing that no centaur uses a bow; he is indeed a man, but with horse’s legs and a tail like that of the satyrs. The Archer has two stars on his head, one on his right elbow, one on his hands, one shining on his stomach, two on his back, one on his front knee, one on his foot, one on his back knee, one on his hoof, two on the bow and one on the sheepskin. Fourteen.</blockquote><blockquote>'''Var. 2 (Τοξότου)''': This is the Archer whom most people regard as a Centaur, a view contested by others, who argue that he is not shown with four legs, but is standing and shooting a bow; yet no Centaur has ever used a bow; he is indeed a man, but with horse’s legs and a tail like that of the Satyrs. This is why it seems implausible to the people in question that he is a Centaur, and more likely that he is Crotos (Clapping), the son of Euphemia (Renown), the nurse of the Muses, who lived and stayed on Helicon.</blockquote><blockquote>The Muses ensured that he discovered the use of the bow and could obtain his food from wild beasts, as Sositheus relates. He had become intimately acquainted with the Muses and attended their performances, and he approved of them by marking the beat with cheers.</blockquote><blockquote>Indeed, he would clap his hands to mark the off-beat of their singing; so, seeing him do this, the other men began to do the same. That is why the Muses, when they tasted the charm of fame, thanks to his support, asked Zeus to reveal to all the fervour of this figure, and thus he was placed amongst the constellations, in recognition of that hand gesture he had made, adopting the posture of the archer as his distinctive mark. His gesture was perpetuated amongst men. Furthermore, the presence of the Boat indicates that he will be visible to everyone: not only to men on land, but also to those at sea; hence the error of those who depict him as a Centaur.</blockquote><blockquote>The Archer has two stars on his head, two on the bow, two on the tip of the arrow, one on his right elbow, one on his hand, one shining on his belly, two on his back, one on his tail, one on the front knee, one on the hoof, and one on the back knee. Fifteen in all.</blockquote><blockquote>The seven stars of the Boat are located beneath his paw. They resemble hind legs, but the latter are not visible at all.</blockquote>

===== Hipparchus =====

====== Rising (Lib II Cap V §10) ======
<blockquote>The Rising of ...</blockquote>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
! colspan="2" |east
! colspan="2" |south
|-
!
!lam1
!lam2
!lam1
!lam2
|-
|
|Sgr 5 1/2
|Cap 18
|Vir 19 1/2
|Sco 8 1/2
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|star
|at the tip of the arrow
|the bright one in the hind feet
|
|
|-
|duration
| colspan="4" |3 hours = 180 min = 45 degree
|}

====== Setting (Lib III Cap IV §6) ======
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="2" |west
! colspan="2" |south
|-
!
!lam1
!lam2
!lam1
!lam2
|-
|
|Sco 3
|Sgr 26 1/2
|Cap 20
|Psc 4 1/2
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|star
|the bright one in the front foot
|the northern one of those in the upper garment
|
|
|-
|duration
| colspan="4" |3 hours = 180 min = 45°
|}

====== Stars Mentioned ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!Greek
!German
!English
!ident.
!src
!
!lam_culm
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|Lib II Cap V §10
|rising, east, first
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|Lib II Cap V §10
|rising, east, last
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|Lib II Cap VI §2
|setting CrB, south, last
|Psc 13.5
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|Lib II Cap VI §13
|setting Aql, south, first
|Ari 2
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|Lib III Cap I §9
|rising Ori, south, last
|Psc 13
|}

===== Hyginus, Astronomica =====
<blockquote>Many have called this sign the Centaurus; others deny the name, for the reason that no Centaurus makes use of arrows. The question is raised, too why he is formed with horse flanks but a Satyr's tail.

Some say that he is Crotus, son of Eupheme, nurse of the Muses. As Sositheus, writer of tragedies, says, he had his home on Mount Helicon and took his pleasure in the company of the Muses, sometimes even following the pursuit of hunting. He attained great fame for his diligence, for he was very swift in the woods, and clever in the arts. As a reward for his zeal the Muses asked Jove to represent him in some star group, and Jove did so. Since he wished to display all his skills in one body, he gave him horse flanks because he rode a great deal. He added arrows, since these would show both his keenness and his swiftness, and he gave him a Satyr's tail because the Muses took no less pleasure in Crotus than Liber did in the Satyrs. Before his feet are a few stars arranged in a circle, which some said were a wreath, thrown off as by one at play. (Mary Ward 1960)</blockquote>

===== Geminos =====

==== Almagest Τοξότης. ====
{| class="wikitable"
!id
!Greek
(Heiberg 1898)
!English
(Toomer 1984)
!ident.
|-
!
!Τοξότου ἀστερισμός.
!Constellation of Sagittarius
!
|-
|1
|ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀκύδος τοῦ βέλους
|The star on the point of the arrow
|gam Sgr
|-
|2
|ὁ ἐν τῇ λαβῇ τῆς ἀριστερᾶρ χειρός
|The star in the [bow-] grip held by the left hand
|del Sgr
|-
|3
|ὁ ἐν τῷ νοτίῳ μέρει τοῦ τόξου
|The star in the southern portion of the bow
|eps Sgr
|-
|4
|τῶν ἐν τῷ βορείῳ μέρει τοῦ τόξου ὁ νοτιώτερος
|The southernmost of the [2] stars in the northern portion of the bow
|lam Sgr
|-
|5
|ὁ βορειότερος αὐτῶν ἐπ’ ἄκρου τοῦ τόξου.
|The northernmost of these, on the tip of the bow
|mu Sgr
|-
|6
|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ ἅμου.
|The star on the left shoulder
|sig Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ τούτου προηγούμενος κατὰ τοῦ βέλους
|The one in advance of this, just over the arrow
|phi Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ νεφελοειδὴς καὶ διπλοῦς,
|The star on the eye, which is nebulous and double
|nu1 + nu2 Sgr
|-
|
|τῶν ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ γ’ ὁ ἠγούμενος.
|The most advanced of the 3 stars in the head
|xi Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν
|The middle one of these
|omi Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ ἐπόμενος τῶν τριῶ.
|The rearmost of the three
|pi Sgr
|-
|
|τῶν ἐν τῇ βορεύῳ ἐφαπτίδι γ’ ὁ κότιος.
|The southernmost of the 3 stars in the northern cloak attachment
|43 Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν
|The middle one of these
|rho Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ βόρειος τῶν τριῶη
|The northernmost of the three
|ups Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ ἐπόμενος τοῦς τρισὶν ἀμαυρός
|The faint star to the rear of these three
|55 Sgr
|-
|
|τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς νοτίου ἐφαπτίδος β ὁ βορειότερος;
|The northernmost of the 2 stars on the southern cloak-attachment
|61 Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ νοτιώτερος αὐτῶν
|The southernmost of them
|57 Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ ὥμου.
|The star on the right shoulder
|chi1 Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ ἀγκῶνος..
|The star on the right elbow
|51+52 Sgr
|-
|
|τῶν ἐν τῷ νώτῳ ἡ ὁ κατὰ τοῦ μεταφρένου.
|The three stars in the back: the one just above the place between the shoulders
|psi Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν καὶ κατὰ τῆς ὡμοπλάτης.
|The three stars in the back: the middle one, just above the shoulder-blade
|tau Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ λοιπὸς καὶ ὑπὸ τὴν μασχάλην.
|The three stars in the back: the other one, under the armpit
|zet Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμπροσθίου καὶ ἀριστεροῦ σφυροῦ
|The star on the front left hock
|bet1 + bet2 Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ γόνατος τοῦ αὐτοῦ ποδός
|The one on the knee of the same leg
|alf Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμπροσθίου καὶ δεξιοῦ σφυροῦ
|The star on the front right hock
|eta Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀριστεροῦ μηροῦ
|The star on the left thigh
|kap1 + kap2 Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὀπισθύου δεξιοῦ πήχεως.
|The star on the right hind lower leg
|iot Sgr
|-
|
|τῶν ἐν τῇ ἐκφύσει τῆς οὐρᾶς ὃ τῆς βορείου πλευρᾶς ὁ προηγούμερος
|The four stars [forming a quadrilateral] in the place where the tail joins [the body]: the advance star on the northern side
|omega Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ ἐπόμενος τῆς βορείου πλευρᾶς.
|The four stars [forming a quadrilateral] in the place where the tail joins [the body]: the rear star on the northern side
|60 Sgr
|-
|
|τῆς νοτίου πλευρᾶς ὁ προηγούμενος.
|The four stars [forming a quadrilateral] in the place where the tail joins [the body]: the advance star on the southern side
|59 Sgr
|-
|
|ὁ ἐπόμενος τῆς νοτίου πλευρᾶς
|The four stars [forming a quadrilateral] in the place where the tail joins [the body]: the rear star on the southern side
|62 Sgr
|-
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|ἀστέρες λα, ὧν β’ μεγέθους β, γ’ 3, δ’ θ, εη, σ’ β, νεφελοειδής
|{31 stars, 2 of the second magnitude, 9 of the third, 9 of the fourth, 8 of the fifth, 2 of the sixth, [1] nebulous}
|
|}
[[File:Toxotes Youla CH.png|thumb|Convex Hull for the stars inside Toxotes (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).]]

===== Stars within the Constellation Area =====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!id
!Label
!IAU design.
!description
!Vmag
|-
|1
|Kaus Australis
|HIP 90185
|Constellation lines
|1.81
|-
|2
|Nunki
|HIP 92855
|Constellation lines
|2.067
|-
|3
|Ascella
|HIP 93506
|Constellation lines
|2.59
|-
|4
|Kaus Media
|HIP 89931
|Constellation lines
|2.668
|-
|5
|Kaus Borealis
|HIP 90496
|Constellation lines
|2.81
|-
|6
|Albaldah
|HIP 94141
|Constellation lines
|2.88
|-
|7
|Alnasl
|HIP 88635
|Constellation lines
|2.99
|-
|8
|η Sagittarii
|HIP 89642
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
|3.11
|-
|9
|ϕ Sagittarii
|HIP 92041
|Constellation lines
|3.14
|-
|10
|τ Sagittarii
|HIP 93864
|Constellation lines
|3.31
|-
|11
|ξ 2 Sagittarii
|HIP 93085
|Inside the hull
|3.51
|-
|12
|NAME SDG
|NAME SDG
|Inside the hull
|3.6
|-
|13
|ο Sagittarii
|HIP 93683
|Inside the hull
|3.77
|-
|14
|Polis
|HIP 89341
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
|3.85
|-
|15
|ρ 1 Sagittarii
|HIP 95168
|Constellation lines
|3.93
|-
|16
|Rukbat
|HIP 95347
|Constellation lines
|3.943
|-
|17
|Arkab Prior
|HIP 95241
|Inside the hull
|4.01
|-
|18
|Meridiana
|HIP 94114
|Inside the hull
|4.087
|-
|19
|β Coronae Australis
|HIP 94160
|Inside the hull
|4.095
|-
|20
|ι Sagittarii
|HIP 98032
|Constellation lines
|4.13
|-
|21
|γ 1 Coronae Australis
|HIP 93825
|Inside the hull
|4.21
|-
|22
|Arkab Posterior
|HIP 95294
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
|4.27
|-
|23
|θ 1 Sagittarii
|HIP 98412
|Constellation lines
|4.37
|-
|24
|59 Sgr
|HIP 98162
|Constellation lines
|4.528
|-
|25
| -
|HIP 88839
|Inside the hull
|4.56
|-
|26
|δ Coronae Australis
|HIP 94005
|Inside the hull
|4.571
|-
|27
|62 Sgr
|HIP 98688
|Constellation lines
|4.58
|-
|28
|52 Sgr
|HIP 96465
|Constellation lines
|4.598
|-
|29
|υ Sagittarii
|HIP 95176
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
|4.61
|-
|30
| -
|HIP 89678
|Inside the hull
|4.627
|-
|31
|γ 1 Sagittarii
|HIP 88567
|Inside the hull
|4.69
|-
|32
|Terebellum
|HIP 98066
|Constellation lines
|4.7
|-
|33
|ζ Coronae Australis
|HIP 93542
|Inside the hull
|4.725
|-
|34
| -
|HIP 98761
|Constellation lines
|4.764
|-
|35
|Ainalrami
|HIP 92761
|Constellation lines
|4.845
|-
|36
|60 Sgr
|HIP 98353
|Constellation lines
|4.846
|-
|37
|ϵ Coronae Australis
|HIP 93174
|Inside the hull
|4.85
|-
|38
|ψ Sagittarii
|HIP 94643
|Constellation lines
|4.86
|-
|39
|21 Sgr
|HIP 90289
|Inside the hull
|4.86
|-
|40
| -
|HIP 91918
|Constellation lines
|4.87
|-
|41
|56 Sgr
|HIP 97290
|Inside the hull
|4.873
|-
|42
|43 Sgr
|HIP 94820
|Constellation lines
|4.878
|-
|43
|1 Sgr
|HIP 89153
|Inside the hull
|4.98
|-
|44
|ν 2 Sagittarii
|HIP 92845
|Inside the hull
|4.98
|-
|45
| -
|HIP 98842
|Constellation lines
|4.99
|-
|46
|61 Sgr
|HIP 98258
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
|4.998
|-
|47
|χ 1 Sagittarii
|HIP 95477
|Constellation lines
|5.009
|-
|48
|55 Sgr
|HIP 96950
|Constellation lines
|5.045
|-
|49
|ξ 1 Sagittarii
|HIP 93057
|Constellation lines
|5.054
|-
|50
|λ Coronae Australis
|HIP 91875
|Inside the hull
|5.111
|-
|51
|M 22
|M 22
|Inside the hull
|5.2
|-
|52
|29 Sgr
|HIP 92390
|Inside the hull
|5.21
|-
|53
|μ Coronae Australis
|HIP 92226
|Inside the hull
|5.217
|-
|54
|77 G. Sgr
|HIP 91014
|Inside the hull
|5.276
|-
|55
|54 Sgr
|HIP 96808
|Inside the hull
|5.296
|-
|56
|θ 2 Sagittarii
|HIP 98421
|Inside the hull
|5.299
|-
|57
| -
|HIP 99461
|Inside the hull
|5.32
|-
|58
|V3961 Sgr
|HIP 97749
|Inside the hull
|5.33
|-
|59
|V4050 Sgr
|HIP 90074
|Inside the hull
|5.34
|-
|60
|PZ 6AB
|HIP 88060
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
|5.36
|-
|61
|28 Sgr
|HIP 92111
|Inside the hull
|5.366
|-
|62
|V686 CrA
|HIP 92989
|Inside the hull
|5.38
|-
|63
|75 G. Sgr
|HIP 90763
|Inside the hull
|5.386
|-
|64
|χ 3 Sagittarii
|HIP 95503
|Inside the hull
|5.43
|-
|65
| -
|HIP 91989
|Inside the hull
|5.439
|-
|66
|24 Sgr
|HIP 91004
|Inside the hull
|5.461
|-
|67
|14 Sgr
|HIP 89369
|Inside the hull
|5.473
|-
|68
|134 G. Sgr
|HIP 93667
|Constellation lines
|5.482
|-
|69
|193 G. Sgr
|HIP 95865
|Constellation lines
|5.49
|-
|70
|V4024 Sgr
|HIP 93996
|Inside the hull
|5.49
|-
|71
|228 G. Sgr
|HIP 97260
|Inside the hull
|5.512
|-
|72
|60 G. Sgr
|HIP 90124
|Inside the hull
|5.518
|-
|73
|50 Sgr
|HIP 95564
|Inside the hull
|5.569
|-
|74
|18 Sgr
|HIP 90260
|Inside the hull
|5.574
|-
|75
|162 G. Sgr
|HIP 94986
|Constellation lines
|5.579
|-
|76
|165 G. Sgr
|HIP 95077
|Inside the hull
|5.579
|-
|77
|κ 1 Sagittarii
|HIP 100469
|Inside the hull
|5.59
|-
|78
|131 G. Sgr
|HIP 93498
|Constellation lines
|5.628
|-
|79
|κ 2 Sagittarii
|HIP 100591
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
|5.64
|-
|80
|51 Sgr
|HIP 96406
|Inside the hull
|5.64
|-
|81
|209 G. Sgr
|HIP 96496
|Inside the hull
|5.642
|-
|82
|186 G. Sgr
|HIP 95619
|Constellation lines
|5.644
|-
|83
|37 G. Sgr
|HIP 89020
|Constellation lines
|5.65
|-
|84
|262 G. Sgr
|HIP 98470
|Inside the hull
|5.66
|-
|85
|33 Sgr
|HIP 92747
|Inside the hull
|5.678
|-
|86
|189 G. Sgr
|HIP 95823
|Inside the hull
|5.701
|-
|87
|V701 CrA
|HIP 93552
|Inside the hull
|5.716
|-
|88
|152 G. Sgr
|HIP 94434
|Inside the hull
|5.765
|-
|89
|84 G. Sgr
|HIP 91405
|Inside the hull
|5.772
|-
|90
|94 G. Sgr
|HIP 91974
|Inside the hull
|5.811
|-
|91
|ρ 2 Sagittarii
|HIP 95188
|Inside the hull
|5.845
|-
|92
| -
|HIP 94157
|Inside the hull
|5.855
|-
|93
| -
|HIP 91438
|Inside the hull
|5.86
|-
|94
|57 Sgr
|HIP 97783
|Constellation lines
|5.896
|-
|95
| -
|HIP 90485
|Inside the hull
|5.902
|-
|96
|V4089 Sgr
|HIP 96234
|Inside the hull
|5.91
|-
|97
|180 G. Sgr
|HIP 95456
|Constellation lines
|5.93
|-
|98
|116 G. Sgr
|HIP 92931
|Inside the hull
|5.93
|-
|99
|83 G. Sgr
|HIP 91347
|Inside the hull
|5.931
|-
|100
|260 G. Sgr
|HIP 98461
|Inside the hull
|5.948
|-
|101
|218 G. Sgr
|HIP 96760
|Inside the hull
|5.957
|-
|102
|264 G. Sgr
|HIP 98575
|Inside the hull
|5.999
|-
|103
|132 G. Sgr
|HIP 93537
|Inside the hull
|6
|-
|104
|179 G. Sgr
|HIP 95408
|Inside the hull
|6.011
|-
|105
|140 G. Sgr
|HIP 93925
|Inside the hull
|6.027
|-
|106
|RS Sgr
|HIP 89637
|Inside the hull
|6.03
|-
|107
|233 G. Sgr
|HIP 97515
|Inside the hull
|6.031
|-
|108
|121 G. Sgr
|HIP 93134
|Constellation lines
|6.08
|-
|109
|258 G. Sgr
|HIP 98485
|Inside the hull
|6.097
|-
|110
|108 G. Sgr
|HIP 92643
|Inside the hull
|6.098
|-
|111
|148 G. Sgr
|HIP 94144
|Inside the hull
|6.11
|-
|112
|V4333 Sgr
|HIP 96440
|Inside the hull
|6.12
|-
|113
|197 G. Sgr
|HIP 95965
|Inside the hull
|6.13
|-
|114
|224 G. Sgr
|HIP 97067
|Inside the hull
|6.131
|-
|115
|178 G. Sgr
|HIP 95396
|Inside the hull
|6.132
|-
|116
|123 G. Sgr
|HIP 93140
|Inside the hull
|6.141
|-
|117
|62 G. Sgr
|HIP 90290
|Inside the hull
|6.142
|-
|118
| -
|HIP 98077
|Inside the hull
|6.15
|-
|119
|58 G. Sgr
|HIP 90012
|Inside the hull
|6.154
|-
|120
|38 G. Sgr
|HIP 89086
|Inside the hull
|6.16
|-
|121
| -
|HIP 93858
|Inside the hull
|6.16
|-
|122
|49 G. Sgr
|HIP 89622
|Inside the hull
|6.168
|-
|123
|280 G. Sgr
|HIP 99570
|Inside the hull
|6.191
|-
|124
|26 Sgr
|HIP 91689
|Inside the hull
|6.205
|-
|125
| -
|HIP 93470
|Inside the hull
|6.209
|-
|126
|V4200 Sgr
|HIP 97944
|Inside the hull
|6.213
|-
|127
|128 G. Sgr
|HIP 93423
|Inside the hull
|6.215
|-
|128
|[SC96] GC 607
|[SC96] GC 607
|Inside the hull
|6.22
|-
|129
|[SC96] Mis 1381
|[SC96] Mis 1381
|Inside the hull
|6.22
|-
|130
|Gumala
|HIP 94645
|Inside the hull
|6.237
|-
|131
|70 Sgr
|HIP 89980
|Inside the hull
|6.25
|-
|132
| -
|HIP 94730
|Inside the hull
|6.25
|-
|133
|V4199 Sgr
|HIP 95159
|Inside the hull
|6.26
|-
|134
|150 G. Sgr
|HIP 94272
|Inside the hull
|6.272
|-
|135
|69 G. Sgr
|HIP 90510
|Inside the hull
|6.276
|-
|136
|254 G. Sgr
|HIP 98351
|Inside the hull
|6.28
|-
|137
| -
|HIP 93074
|Inside the hull
|6.284
|-
|138
|109 G. Sgr
|HIP 92635
|Inside the hull
|6.29
|-
|139
|V4198 Sgr
|HIP 93887
|Inside the hull
|6.293
|-
|140
|64 G. Sgr
|HIP 90336
|Inside the hull
|6.296
|-
|141
|Cl Collinder 394
|Cl Collinder 394
|Inside the hull
|6.3
|-
|142
|143 G. Sgr
|HIP 93993
|Inside the hull
|6.3
|-
|143
|263 G. Sgr
|HIP 98579
|Inside the hull
|6.306
|-
|144
|90 G. Sgr
|HIP 91901
|Inside the hull
|6.308
|-
|145
|53 Sgr
|HIP 96729
|Inside the hull
|6.321
|-
|146
|96 G. Sgr
|HIP 92016
|Inside the hull
|6.331
|-
|147
|167 G. Sgr
|HIP 95211
|Inside the hull
|6.338
|-
|148
| -
|HIP 94243
|Inside the hull
|6.344
|-
|149
|V3879 Sgr
|HIP 91781
|Inside the hull
|6.35
|-
|150
|127 G. Sgr
|HIP 93315
|Inside the hull
|6.356
|-
|151
|133 G. Sgr
|HIP 93543
|Inside the hull
|6.357
|-
|152
|48 G. Sgr
|HIP 89620
|Inside the hull
|6.36
|-
|153
|80 G. Sgr
|HIP 91172
|Inside the hull
|6.366
|-
|154
|125 G. Sgr
|HIP 93234
|Inside the hull
|6.378
|-
|155
|151 G. Sgr
|HIP 94372
|Inside the hull
|6.39
|-
|156
|C 1806-240
|C 1806-240
|Inside the hull
|6.4
|-
|157
| -
|HIP 93371
|Inside the hull
|6.4
|-
|158
|V4434 Sgr
|HIP 99920
|Inside the hull
|6.4
|-
|159
|36 G. Sgr
|HIP 89010
|Inside the hull
|6.405
|-
|160
|V4405 Sgr
|HIP 92079
|Inside the hull
|6.42
|-
|161
|269 G. Sgr
|HIP 98785
|Inside the hull
|6.428
|-
|162
| -
|HIP 94130
|Inside the hull
|6.435
|-
|163
|[SC96] Mis 1401
|[SC96] Mis 1401
|Inside the hull
|6.45
|-
|164
|[SC96] GC 625
|[SC96] GC 625
|Inside the hull
|6.45
|-
|165
|115 G. Sgr
|HIP 92972
|Inside the hull
|6.45
|-
|166
| -
|HIP 92866
|Inside the hull
|6.47
|-
|167
|244 G. Sgr
|HIP 98012
|Inside the hull
|6.47
|-
|168
| -
|HIP 96274
|Inside the hull
|6.475
|-
|169
|166 G. Sgr
|HIP 95149
|Inside the hull
|6.48
|-
|170
|V4190 Sgr
|HIP 91132
|Inside the hull
|6.481
|-
|171
|M 55
|M 55
|Inside the hull
|6.49
|-
|172
| -
|HIP 93209
|Inside the hull
|6.497
|-
|173
| -
|HIP 90576
|Inside the hull
|6.5
|-
|174
|V* V4045 Sgr
|HIP 89178
|Constellation lines
|6.52
|-
|175
| -
|HIP 94124
|Constellation lines
|6.533
|-
|176
| -
|HIP 92329
|Constellation lines
|6.69
|-
|177
| -
|HIP 92301
|Inside the hull
|6.7
|-
|178
| -
|HIP 96932
|Constellation lines
|6.88
|-
|179
| -
|HIP 93149
|Constellation lines
|7.2
|}

===Transfer and Transformation of the Constellation===
<gallery>
File:Sgr Pabilsag seal Wallenfels1993.png|Pabilsag in the zodiac sign of Sagittarius on Mesopotamian seal print, Wallenfels (1993).
File:Sagittaire-babylonien.jpg|alt=Babylonian "Sagittarius", Dictionnaire des Antiquités grecques et romaines, Daremberg et Saglio, article Zodiaque, vol. V 2. Source : Wikisource, https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Dictionnaire_des_Antiquit%C3%A9s_grecques_et_romaines_-_Daremberg_-_V_2.djvu/444|Babylonian "Sagittarius", Dictionnaire des Antiquités grecques et romaines, Daremberg et Saglio, article Zodiaque, vol. V 2. Source : Wikisource, https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Dictionnaire_des_Antiquit%C3%A9s_grecques_et_romaines_-_Daremberg_-_V_2.djvu/444
File:Kugel Sgr+CrA+Sco.JPG|Kugel Globe (1st c. BCE): Sgr, CrA and Sco
File:Sagittarius Hevelius.jpg|Sagittarius in Hevelius (1690)
File:1776 - John Flamsteed - La Sagittaire (Sagittarius).jpg|Sagittarius in Flamsteed (1776).
File:Johann Elert Bode - Sagittarius and Sobieski's Shield.jpg|Bode (1805) Sagittarius and Sobieski's Shield
File:1822 - Alexander Jamieson - Sagittarius, The Archer.jpg|Sgr in Jamieson (1822)
File:Sidney Hall - Urania's Mirror - Sagittarius and Corona Australis, Microscopium, and Telescopium.png|Sagittarius in Sidney Hall (1825) Urania's Mirror.
File:H.A. Rey's stick figure stellarium-069.png|(1952) H.A. Rey's stick figure of Sagittarius
File:O. Hlad's stick figure stellarium-070.png|(1988) O. Hlad's stick figure of Sagittarius
</gallery>

==Mythology==
Eratosthenes<ref name=":0" /> tells us that the satyr Krotos watched the Muses playing and then clapped his hands in rapturous delight. Others followed suit, and thus applause after a musical performance was invented. For this non-verbal sign of appreciation, he was transported to heaven.

This is a beautiful star legend, but it does not explain why this hybrid creature is holding a bow and arrow. The story demonstrates once again the Greeks' perplexity with images from a foreign (Babylonian) culture.

==Weblinks==

* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-017067 Warburg Institute Iconographic Database – Sagittarius]

==References==

*[[References]] (general)
*[[References (Babylonian)]]
*[[References (Greco-Roman)|References (ancient Greco-Roman)]]
*[[References (Medieval and Early Modern)|References (medieval)]]

[[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:Asterism]]
[[Category:Almagest]] [[Category:Africa]]
[[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Mesopotamian]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
[[Category:Modern]] [[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]
[[Category:European]]
[[Category:Rubric]] [[Category:Lunar System]] [[Category:Zodiac]]
[[Category:Sgr]]

File:Sapo.png

2026-06-23T05:19:25Z

YoulaAzkarrula: CC-BY Stellarium

== Summary ==
CC-BY Stellarium
== Licensing ==
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File:Mono PC.png

2026-06-23T05:19:10Z

YoulaAzkarrula: CC-BY Stellarium

== Summary ==
CC-BY Stellarium
== Licensing ==
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File:Guerrero PC.png

2026-06-23T05:18:46Z

YoulaAzkarrula: CC-BY Stellarium

== Summary ==
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== Licensing ==
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File:Jaguar.png

2026-06-23T05:18:19Z

YoulaAzkarrula: CC-BY Stellarium

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== Licensing ==
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File:Bat PC.png

2026-06-22T08:17:57Z

YoulaAzkarrula: CC-BY Eduardo Rodas-Quito and Javier Mejuto