ŠU.PA - Revision history

Sushoff at 11:26, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T11:26:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:26, 5 July 2026
Line 25:		Line 25:
	\| bordering = Boo		\| bordering = Boo
	\| notes =		\| notes =
			\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}
	<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Boötes (βοώτης) is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (βοῶ, ox) and "boötes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" (septem triōnēs) in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard, [[Reret]] in this area, with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.		<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Boötes (βοώτης) is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (βοῶ, ox) and "boötes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" (septem triōnēs) in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard, [[Reret]] in this area, with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.

Sushoff at 10:16, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T10:16:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:16, 5 July 2026
Line 26:		Line 26:
	\| notes =		\| notes =
	}}		}}
	<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Boötes (βοώτης) is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (βοῶ, ox) and "boötes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" (septem triōnēs) in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.		<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Boötes (βοώτης) is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (βοῶ, ox) and "boötes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" (septem triōnēs) in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard, [[Reret]] in this area, with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.

	The Akkadian name of the constellation, ''šūpû'', is indicated by a syllabic spelling [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 in reference to Enlil (see Horowitz 2014: 148). For ''šūpû'' in relation to magnificent, brilliant stars, cf. the following passage in the inscriptions of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BCE): (a temple) ''ša kīma kakkab šamê šūpû'', 'which like a star of heaven is magnificent' (RIMA 2 28 vii 93). '''Work to be one with 2nd paragraph of opening section and Alb - pa.e --> su.pa.e3 --> sul.pa.e3 in the broken passage in Alb B II'''		The Akkadian name of the constellation, ''šūpû'', is indicated by a syllabic spelling [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 in reference to Enlil (see Horowitz 2014: 148). For ''šūpû'' in relation to magnificent, brilliant stars, cf. the following passage in the inscriptions of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BCE): (a temple) ''ša kīma kakkab šamê šūpû'', 'which like a star of heaven is magnificent' (RIMA 2 28 vii 93). '''Work to be one with 2nd paragraph of opening section and Alb - pa.e --> su.pa.e3 --> sul.pa.e3 in the broken passage in Alb B II'''

Sushoff at 10:14, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T10:14:37Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 Authors:  {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
 ----
-[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png|thumb|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One'  is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Boötes (βοώτης) is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (βοῶ, ox) and "boötes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" (septem triōnēs) in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.
+[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png|thumb|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]
 The Akkadian name of the constellation, ''šūpû'', is indicated by a syllabic spelling [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8  in reference to Enlil (see Horowitz 2014: 148). For ''šūpû'' in relation to magnificent, brilliant stars, cf. the following passage in the inscriptions of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BCE):  (a temple) ''ša kīma kakkab šamê šūpû'', 'which like a star of heaven is magnificent' (RIMA 2 28 vii 93). '''Work to be one with 2nd paragraph of opening section and Alb - pa.e --> su.pa.e3 --> sul.pa.e3 in the broken passage in Alb B II'''

YoulaAzkarrula at 11:47, 29 May 2026

2026-05-29T11:47:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:47, 29 May 2026
Line 521:		Line 521:
	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:Sumerian]]		[[Category:Sumerian]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:Constellation]][[Category:Boo]]		[[Category:Constellation]][[Category:Boo]]

	[[Category:4workWayne]]		[[Category:4workWayne]]

JanSafford: /* Sources & Identification(s) */

2026-04-24T12:09:15Z

Sources & Identification(s)

Sushoff at 19:29, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T19:29:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:29, 26 March 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Authors: ~~Gennady E. Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----
	[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Boötes (βοώτης) is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (βοῶ, ox) and "boötes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" (septem triōnēs) in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.		[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Boötes (βοώτης) is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (βοῶ, ox) and "boötes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" (septem triōnēs) in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.

Sushoff: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[1] */

2026-03-05T15:58:40Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:58, 5 March 2026
Line 6:		Line 6:

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Var. reading: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU<sub>4</sub>.PA; = <sup>(mul)</sup>''Šūpû'' "Magnificent, brilliant"(?);		Var. reading:

			* <sup>mul</sup>ŠU<sub>4</sub>.PA;
			* = <sup>(mul)</sup>''Šūpû'' "Magnificent, brilliant"(?);

	Var. designations:		Var. designations:

Sushoff at 15:44, 5 March 2026

2026-03-05T15:44:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:44, 5 March 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation ~~Bootes~~ is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (ox) and "~~bootes~~" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.		[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Boötes (βοώτης) is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (βοῶ, ox) and "boötes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" (septem triōnēs) in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.

	The Akkadian name of the constellation, ''šūpû'', is indicated by a syllabic spelling [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 in reference to Enlil (see Horowitz 2014: 148). For ''šūpû'' in relation to magnificent, brilliant stars, cf. the following passage in the inscriptions of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BCE): (a temple) ''ša kīma kakkab šamê šūpû'', 'which like a star of heaven is magnificent' (RIMA 2 28 vii 93). '''Work to be one with 2nd paragraph of opening section and Alb - pa.e --> su.pa.e3 --> sul.pa.e3 in the broken passage in Alb B II'''		The Akkadian name of the constellation, ''šūpû'', is indicated by a syllabic spelling [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 in reference to Enlil (see Horowitz 2014: 148). For ''šūpû'' in relation to magnificent, brilliant stars, cf. the following passage in the inscriptions of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BCE): (a temple) ''ša kīma kakkab šamê šūpû'', 'which like a star of heaven is magnificent' (RIMA 2 28 vii 93). '''Work to be one with 2nd paragraph of opening section and Alb - pa.e --> su.pa.e3 --> sul.pa.e3 in the broken passage in Alb B II'''

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

Sushoff at 16:05, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T16:05:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:05, 26 February 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|~~'''~~ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).''']]		[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Bootes is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (ox) and "bootes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.
	~~'''Work~~ to ~~be one~~ with ~~2nd paragraph~~ of ~~opening section~~ and ~~Alb - pa~~.~~e --~~> ~~su.pa.e3 --~~> ~~sul~~.pa.~~e3 in the broken passage in Alb B II'''~~

	<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Bootes is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (ox) and "bootes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.		The Akkadian name of the constellation, ''šūpû'', is indicated by a syllabic spelling [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 in reference to Enlil (see Horowitz 2014: 148). For ''šūpû'' in relation to magnificent, brilliant stars, cf. the following passage in the inscriptions of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BCE): (a temple) ''ša kīma kakkab šamê šūpû'', 'which like a star of heaven is magnificent' (RIMA 2 28 vii 93). '''Work to be one with 2nd paragraph of opening section and Alb - pa.e --> su.pa.e3 --> sul.pa.e3 in the broken passage in Alb B II'''

	The Akkadian name of the constellation, ''šūpû'', is indicated by a syllabic spelling [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 in reference to Enlil (see Horowitz 2014: 148). For ''šūpû'' in relation to magnificent, brilliant stars, cf. the following passage in the inscriptions of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BCE): (a temple) ''ša kīma kakkab šamê šūpû'', 'which like a star of heaven is magnificent' (RIMA 2 28 vii 93).

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

WayneHorowitz at 13:46, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T13:46:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:46, 26 February 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim		Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|'''''ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).''''']]		[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|'''ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).''']]
	'''''Work to be one with 2nd paragraph of opening section and Alb - pa.e --> su.pa.e3 --> sul.pa.e3 in the broken passage in Alb B II'''''		'''Work to be one with 2nd paragraph of opening section and Alb - pa.e --> su.pa.e3 --> sul.pa.e3 in the broken passage in Alb B II'''

	<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star (Arcturus) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Bootes is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (ox) and "bootes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.		<sup>mul / d</sup>ŠU.PA (𒀯𒋗𒉺), The Magnificent One, Brilliant One' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Bootes]]: depending on the context, either the bright star ([[Arcturus]]) or the entire constellation identified with the god Enlil. While the Mesopotamian god Enlil is a god of agriculture, the Greek man depicted in the constellation Bootes is a Ploughman. The Greek Ploughman was transformed into a shepherd for oxen, due to the homophony of Greek "boo" (ox) and "bootes" (ploughman). The transformation could have happened via Greek folk etymology, or with the conscious attempt to merge the Roman idea of "Seven Oxen" in Ursa Major and/or the Egyptian idea of a guard with the Greek and Mesopotamian images (perhaps in one of the first millennium empires). In any case, this (hi)story of transformation suggests an original Mesopotamian image of a male deity, the god Enlil, represented with the asterism of <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA.

	The Akkadian name of the constellation, ''šūpû'', is indicated by a syllabic spelling [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 in reference to Enlil (see Horowitz 2014: 148). For ''šūpû'' in relation to magnificent, brilliant stars, cf. the following passage in the inscriptions of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BCE): (a temple) ''ša kīma kakkab šamê šūpû'', 'which like a star of heaven is magnificent' (RIMA 2 28 vii 93).		The Akkadian name of the constellation, ''šūpû'', is indicated by a syllabic spelling [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>''šu-pu'' in BM 68593 rev. 8 in reference to Enlil (see Horowitz 2014: 148). For ''šūpû'' in relation to magnificent, brilliant stars, cf. the following passage in the inscriptions of Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1077 BCE): (a temple) ''ša kīma kakkab šamê šūpû'', 'which like a star of heaven is magnificent' (RIMA 2 28 vii 93).
Line 45:		Line 45:
	* (1) List (12´3):		* (1) List (12´3):
	** a) mul ''ša i-na ṭu-ri-ša'' gub-[''zu''] / sa<sub>5</sub> ''i-na pu-ut ni-ru'' <sup>d</sup>''En''-[''lil''<sub>2</sub>] "The star which stand[s] on its (i.e. <sup>mul</sup>mar.gid<sub>2</sub>.da.<an.na>) rope , (it is) the red (star) on the front of the yoke, En[lil]" (B iii 11-12); presumably <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa [BPO 2, 5] is meant here, cf, however, (Kurtik m09) [[MAR.GID2.DA.AN.NA\|MAR.GID<sub>2</sub>.DA.AN.NA]],		** a) mul ''ša i-na ṭu-ri-ša'' gub-[''zu''] / sa<sub>5</sub> ''i-na pu-ut ni-ru'' <sup>d</sup>''En''-[''lil''<sub>2</sub>] "The star which stand[s] on its (i.e. <sup>mul</sup>mar.gid<sub>2</sub>.da.<an.na>) rope , (it is) the red (star) on the front of the yoke, En[lil]" (B iii 11-12); presumably <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa [BPO 2, 5] is meant here, cf, however, (Kurtik m09) [[MAR.GID2.DA.AN.NA\|MAR.GID<sub>2</sub>.DA.AN.NA]],
	** (b) mul gal ''nam-ru ša ina'' zi im.[xx] / gub <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa uš.uš ki.gub ku[r<sub>2</sub>.kur<sub>2</sub>] / <sup>mul</sup>''Šul-pa-e''<sub>3</sub> sukkal <sup>d</sup>a[mar.utu] "The great shining star<s>, where the wind rises [...], stands (is) Shupa (= Jupiter), (who) changes (its) position constantly: Shulpae, the messenger of M[arduk]" (B iii 21-23). '''''[['''''</s>'''''Retranslate!!!!]]??Akkadian šūpû derived from the Š-stem (causative) of Sumerian pa.e<sub>3</sub> -- shu pa.e3 discuss this???'''''		** (b) mul gal ''nam-ru ša ina'' zi im.[xx] / gub <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa uš.uš ki.gub ku[r<sub>2</sub>.kur<sub>2</sub>] / <sup>mul</sup>''Šul-pa-e''<sub>3</sub> sukkal <sup>d</sup>a[mar.utu] "The great shining star<s>, where the wind rises [...], stands (is) Shupa (= Jupiter), (who) changes (its) position constantly: Shulpae, the messenger of M[arduk]" (B iii 21-23). '''''[['''''</s>'''''Retranslate!!!!]]??Akkadian šūpû derived from the Š-stem (causative) of Sumerian pa.e<sub>3</sub> -- shu pa.e3 discuss this???'''''
	* (2) List (3´12): <sup>iti</sup>kin ... <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa ''šu-ut'' [<sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub>] "Ulul: ...Shupa (on the path of) [Enlil] (rising)" (C iii 6).		* (2) List (3´12): <sup>iti</sup>kin ... <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa ''šu-ut'' [<sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub>] "Ulul: ...Shupa (on the path of) [Enlil] (rising)" (C iii 6).
	* (3) List (rising-sunset=6m): rising is ulul, setting is adar [KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref> 218, C 23, 36; Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0" />, 39, 40], see (Kurtik b11) [[BIR]].		* (3) List (rising-sunset=6m): rising is ulul, setting is adar [KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref> 218, C 23, 36; Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0" />, 39, 40], see (Kurtik b11) [[BIR]].

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:09, 24 April 2026
Line 73:		Line 73:
	* (2) Dates of heliacal risings: ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>KIN UD 15 KAM <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> IGI "on the 15th day of ulul, Shupa, Enlil, becomes visible" ( I ii 46); for an early parallel see. BM 77054.		* (2) Dates of heliacal risings: ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>KIN UD 15 KAM <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> IGI "on the 15th day of ulul, Shupa, Enlil, becomes visible" ( I ii 46); for an early parallel see. BM 77054.
	* (3) Simultaneous diurnal risings and settings:		* (3) Simultaneous diurnal risings and settings:
	** a) <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA KUR-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA ŠU<sub>2</sub>-''bi'' "the Heavenly Bull rises, Shupa sets" ( I iii 15),		** a) <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA KUR-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA ŠU<sub>2</sub>-''bi'' "the Heavenly Bull rises, Shupa sets" ( I iii 15), [Hunger & Steele 2019<ref name=":10">Hunger, H. and J. M. Steele (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>]
	** b) <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> KUR-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.IKU ŠU<sub>2</sub>-''bi'' "Shupa, Enlil, rises, the Field sets" ( I iii 21).		** b) <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> KUR-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.IKU ŠU<sub>2</sub>-''bi'' "Shupa, Enlil, rises, the Field sets" ( I iii 21) Hunger & Steele 2019<ref name=":10" />].
	* (4) Intervals between dates of heliacal risings: TA KUR ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>KAK.SI.SA<sub>2</sub> 1 ''šu'' UD<sup>meš</sup> ''ana'' KUR ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA / TA KUR ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA 10 UD<sup>meš</sup> ''ana'' KUR <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> "60 days from the rising of the Arrow to the rising of Shupa. 10 days from the rising of Shupa to the rising of the Furrow" (I iii 35-36).		* (4) Intervals between dates of heliacal risings: TA KUR ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>KAK.SI.SA<sub>2</sub> 1 ''šu'' UD<sup>meš</sup> ''ana'' KUR ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA / TA KUR ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA 10 UD<sup>meš</sup> ''ana'' KUR <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> "60 days from the rising of the Arrow to the rising of Shupa. 10 days from the rising of Shupa to the rising of the Furrow" (I iii 35-36).
	* (5) List of ziqpu-stars: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA in first place (I iv 4).		* (5) List of ziqpu-stars: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA in first place (I iv 4).
	* (6) Culminations and simultaneous heliacal risings:		* (6) Culminations and simultaneous heliacal risings:
	** a) The Great Gemini culminates, Shupa and the asterism of Eridu ascends (I iv 24), see (Kurtik m17) [[MAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL]], see also [Horowitz 1989-90<ref name=":6" />, 117, BM 73815: 3'],		** a) The Great Gemini culminates, Shupa and the asterism of Eridu ascends (I iv 24), see (Kurtik m17) [[MAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL]], see also [Horowitz 1989-90<ref name=":6" />, 117, BM 73815: 3'],
	** b) [''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>G]AN UD 15 KAM <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA MIN(=''ina'' MURUB<sub>4</sub> AN-''e'' IGI-''it'' GABA-''ka'') MIN(= GUB-''ma'') <sup>mul</sup>UD.KA.DUḪ.A KUR-''ḫa'' "On the 15th day of [kis]lim, Shupa stands in the middle of the sky, opposite your chest, and the ~~Demon with the Gaping Mouth~~ rises" (I iv 27).		** b) [''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>G]AN UD 15 KAM <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA MIN(=''ina'' MURUB<sub>4</sub> AN-''e'' IGI-''it'' GABA-''ka'') MIN(= GUB-''ma'') <sup>mul</sup>UD.KA.DUḪ.A KUR-''ḫa'' "On the 15th day of [kis]lim, Shupa stands in the middle of the sky, opposite your chest, and the Panther rises" (I iv 27) Hunger & Steele 2019<ref name=":10" />].
	* (7) Observations of heliacal risings and the direction of the wind: see (Kurtik n50) [[NUNki\|NUN<sup>ki</sup>]].		* (7) Observations of heliacal risings and the direction of the wind: see (Kurtik n50) [[NUNki\|NUN<sup>ki</sup>]].
	* (8) Second intercalation scheme:		* (8) Second intercalation scheme:
	** a) [DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>KIN UD 15 KAM<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>]ŠU.PA IGI.LA<sub>2</sub> MU BI [GI.NA-''at''<sub>2</sub>] "[If] Shupa becomes visible [on the 15th day of ulul], that year is [normal]" (II Gap A 14),		** a) [DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>KIN UD 15 KAM<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>]ŠU.PA IGI.LA<sub>2</sub> MU BI [GI.NA-''at''<sub>2</sub>] "[If] Shupa becomes visible [on the 15th day of ulul], that year is [normal]" (II Gap A 14),
	** b) [DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>DU<sub>6</sub> UD 15] KAM <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA IGI.LA<sub>2</sub> MU BI [DIRI-''at''<sub>2</sub>] "[If] Shupa becomes visible [on the 15th day of tashrit], that year is a [leap year]" (II Gap A 15) [MA<ref name=":3" />~~, 21, 42, 48, 49, 49, 53, 58, 58, 64, 66, 77, 91~~].		** b) [DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>DU<sub>6</sub> UD 15] KAM <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA IGI.LA<sub>2</sub> MU BI [DIRI-''at''<sub>2</sub>] "[If] Shupa becomes visible [on the 15th day of tashrit], that year is a [leap year]" (II Gap A 15) [Hunger & Steele 2019<ref name=":3" />].
	Text BM 77054.		Text BM 77054.
	* a) ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>kin u[d.15.kam ...] / <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.˹PA ''u''˺ mu[l<sup>?</sup>...] "[15th] of ulul [...] / Shupa and [...]."		* a) ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>kin u[d.15.kam ...] / <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.˹PA ''u''˺ mu[l<sup>?</sup>...] "[15th] of ulul [...] / Shupa and [...]."
	* b) ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>gan ud.15.kam <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA ''ina r''[''a-be''<sub>2</sub>''-e''...] / <sup>mul</sup>ud.ka.duḫ.a [...] "On the 15th of kislim, Shupa ri[ses] / The ~~Demon with the Gaping Mouth~~ [...]" [George 1991<ref>''George A.R.'' Review of H.Hunger and D.Pingree MUL.APIN. An astronomical Compendium in Cuneiform. Horn 1989 // ZA 81, 301-306.</ref>, 304-305, rev. 1′-2′, 7′-8′].		* b) ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>gan ud.15.kam <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA ''ina r''[''a-be''<sub>2</sub>''-e''...] / <sup>mul</sup>ud.ka.duḫ.a [...] "On the 15th of kislim, Shupa ri[ses] / The Panther [...]" [George 1991<ref>''George A.R.'' Review of H.Hunger and D.Pingree MUL.APIN. An astronomical Compendium in Cuneiform. Horn 1989 // ZA 81, 301-306.</ref>, 304-305, rev. 1′-2′, 7′-8′].
	\|[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]		\|[[File:Shupa Boo Stellarium.png\|thumb\|ŠU.PA in Bootes, represented as God Enlil (CC BY Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium).]]
	\|-		\|-