BIR - Revision history

HermannHunger: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[2] */

2026-06-04T16:48:27Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[2]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:48, 4 June 2026
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	* <sup>mul</sup>ellag<sub>2</sub> = <sup>mul</sup>BIR (ELLAG<sub>2</sub>), "Kidney" in lexical texts and Astrolabes; constellation or star within Poop-Deck ([[Puppis]])		* <sup>mul</sup>ellag<sub>2</sub> = <sup>mul</sup>BIR (ELLAG<sub>2</sub>), "Kidney" in lexical texts and Astrolabes; constellation or star within Poop-Deck ([[Puppis]])
	* <sup>mul</sup>ellag<sub>x</sub>;		* <sup>mul</sup>ellag<sub>x</sub>;
	* = <sup>(mul)</sup>''kalītu'' "Kidney" (CAD<ref name=":0">''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> K 74-75, [https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/epsd2/sux?q=kidney ePSD ellag]);		* = <sup>(mul)</sup>''kalītu'' "Kidney" (CAD<ref name=":0">''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> K 74-75, [https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/epsd2/sux?q=kidney ePSD ellag]).

	The term is also equated with MUL.MUL in lexical texts, see (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]], although MUL.MUL is the standard Sumerian name for the [[Pleiades]]. Apparently, some ancient Mesopotamian star-gazers saw a similar cluster in ''lulimmu'', ('The Stag'). A related omen is to be found [[MUL.MUL#Astrology.\|sub MUL.MUL (3)]].		The term is also equated with MUL.MUL in lexical texts, see (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]], although MUL.MUL is the standard Sumerian name for the [[Pleiades]]. Apparently, some ancient Mesopotamian star-gazers saw a similar cluster in ''lulimmu'', 'The Stag'. A related omen is to be found [[MUL.MUL#Astrology.\|sub MUL.MUL (3)]].
	* 1) a constellation or star within Puppis (stern, poop deck),		* 1) a constellation or star within Puppis (stern, poop deck),
	* 2) a star in the constellation LU.LIM "Stag" (Cassiopeia /Andromeda) [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 11; Gössmann 1950,<ref name=":2">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 56].		* 2) a star in the constellation LU.LIM "Stag" (Cassiopeia /Andromeda) [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 11; Gössmann 1950,<ref name=":2">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 56].
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	Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7)		Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7)

	* MUL SA<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' ZI IM.ULU<sub>3</sub>.lu ana ~~igi~~-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>~~šudun gub~~-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>~~bir~~ <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a''		* MUL SA<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' ZI IM.ULU<sub>3</sub>.lu ''ana'' IGI-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>BIR <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a''
	* "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 Section II, i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).		* "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 Section II, i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).

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	\|'''Anaphora.'''		\|'''Anaphora.'''
	* А 3427: ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>~~kin~~ ''ina še-rim'' ud 28 <sup>múl</sup>~~bir ki~~.~~min~~(= ''meš-ḫa im-šuḫ'' ZI)		* А 3427: ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>KIN ''ina še-rim'' UD 28 <sup>múl</sup>BIR KI.MIN(= ''meš-ḫa im-šuḫ'' ZI)
	* "In the month Ululu, in the morning of the 28th day, the Kidney emits a ''mišḫu'' and rises" [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":11">''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 238:13],		* "In the month Ululu, in the morning of the 28th day, the Kidney emits a ''mišḫu'' and rises" [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":11">''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 238:13],
	* parallel in BM 34713: ''ina'' KIN ''ina še-rim'' ud 28.~~kam~~ <sup>múl</sup>~~bir~~ ''meš-ḫu im-šuḫ'' ZI [ibid.<ref name=":11" /> 245:15]. see now [Steele 2017, 50 rev. i 15].		* parallel in BM 34713: ''ina'' KIN ''ina še-rim'' UD 28.KAM <sup>múl</sup>BIR ''meš-ḫu im-šuḫ'' ZI [ibid.<ref name=":11" /> 245:15]. see now [Steele 2017, 50 rev. i 15].
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	(9) Kidney (= Mercury) and planet (= Saturn)ː <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM TE ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> SI.[SA<sub>2</sub>] / <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA ''ana'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ TE "The Kidney comes close to a planet: sesame will be normal. (This means:) Mercury in the Giant, is coming close to Saturn." [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14" />, 21:36-37].		(9) Kidney (= Mercury) and planet (= Saturn)ː <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM TE ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> SI.[SA<sub>2</sub>] / <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA ''ana'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ TE "The Kidney comes close to a planet: sesame will be normal. (This means:) Mercury in the Giant, is coming close to Saturn." [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14" />, 21:36-37].

	(10) Kidney (= Mercury) and ~~planet~~ (= Saturn)ː DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>~~UDU.IDIM TE~~ ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> ~~SI.[SA~~<sub>2</sub>] / <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>~~mul~~</sup>GU.LA ''ana'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ TE "If the Kidney ~~comes~~ close to ~~a planet~~: sesame will be ~~normal~~. (This means): Mercury in the Giant comes close to Saturn." [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14" />, 21:36-37].		(10) Kidney (= Mercury) and Raven (= Saturn)ː ''šumma'' <sup>mul</sup>ELLAG<sub>2</sub> ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup> ''i-z''[''iz''...] "If the Kidney stands(?) ... towards the Raven." [SpTU III<ref name=":6" />, 101:33]; DIŠ <sup>ul</sup>''ellag''(BIR) ''ana'' <sup>ul</sup>UG<sub>5</sub>.GA ''i-mid'' ŠE.GIŠ<sub>3</sub> SIG<sub>5</sub> AN.MI [...] "If the Kidney stops close to the Raven: sesame will be good, eclipse [...]" [Borger 1973<ref name=":4" />, 41:25′]; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup> ''i-mid'' ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> SIG<sub>5</sub> / <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>d</sup>GU.LA ''ana'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ TE "If the Kidney stops close to the Raven: sesame will be good. (This means): Mercury in the Giant comes close to Saturn." [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14" />, 21:39-40].

	(11) Kidney (= Mercury~~) and Raven (= Saturn)ː ''šumma'' <sup>mul</sup>ELLAG<sub>2</sub> ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup> ''i-z''[''iz''...] "If the Kidney stands(~~?) ~~... towards the Raven." [SpTU III<ref name="~~:~~6" />, 101:33];~~ DIŠ <sup>ul</sup>~~''ellag''(BIR) ''ana'' <sup>ul</sup>UG<sub>5</sub>.GA ''i-mid'' ŠE.GIŠ<sub>3</sub> sig<sub>5</sub> AN.MI [..~~.~~] "If the Kidney stops close to the Raven: sesame will be good, eclipse [...]" [Borger 1973<ref name=":4" />, 41:25′]; DIŠ~~ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''~~ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup> ''i-mid~~'' ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> ~~SIG~~<sub>~~5</sub> / <sup>d~~</~~sup>GU<~~sub>~~4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>d</sup>GU.LA ''ana'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ TE~~ "If the Kidney ~~stops~~ close to ~~the Raven~~: sesame will ~~be good. (This means): Mercury in the Giant comes close to Saturn.~~" [~~ACh Ištar~~<ref name=":14" />, 21:~~39-40~~].		(11) Planet and Kidney (=Mercury?): DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM <sup>mul</sup>BIR TE-''šu'' ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> SI.SA<sub>2</sub> "If a planet - the Kidney comes close to it: sesame will prosper" [Largement 1957<ref name=":5" />, 246:51a].

	(12) ~~Planet and Kidney (=Mercury?):~~ DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>~~UDU.IDIM~~ <sup>mul</sup>~~BIR TE~~-''šu'' ~~ŠE.~~GIŠ.I<~~sub~~>3</~~sub~~> SI.SA<sub>2</sub> "If ~~a planet -~~ the Kidney ~~comes close to it~~: ~~sesame~~ will prosper" [~~Largement 1957~~<ref name=":5" />, ~~246~~:~~51a~~].		(12) Heliacal rising in the month Ululuː DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>KIN <sup>mul</sup>BIR (in [Gössmann<ref name=":2" /> 395] erroneously <sup>mul</sup>TAḪ) IGI-''ir'' GIŠ<sup>!</sup>.APIN KUR<sup>!</sup> SI.SA<sub>2</sub> "If in the month Ululu the Kidney becomes visible: the plough of the country will prosper." [SAA 8<ref name=":8" />, 325 r.3-4]; for parallels see [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, IX 6, XIII 9, XIV 6].

	(13) Heliacal ~~rising in~~ the ~~month Ululuː DIŠ~~ ''~~ina~~'' <~~sup~~>~~iti~~</~~sup>KIN <sup>mul</sup~~>~~BIR (in [Gössmann<ref name=":2" /> 395~~] ~~erroneously <sup>mul<~~/~~sup>TAḪ) IGI~~-''ir'' ~~GIŠ<sup>!</sup>~~.~~APIN KUR<sup>!</sup>~~ SI.SA<sub>2</sub> "If in the ~~month Ululu~~ the ~~Kidney becomes visible~~: the ~~plough~~ of the country will prosper." [~~SAA 8~~<ref name=":8" />, ~~325 r.3-4~~]~~; for parallels~~ see [~~BPO 2~~<ref name=":1" />, ~~IX 6, XIII 9, XIV 6~~].		(13) Heliacal risings earlier and later than the set timeː BE-''ma'' MUL BI NIM-''ma'' IGI KI.A [''me-riš'' KUR SI.SA<sub>2</sub>] / BE-''ma'' MUL BI UD.ZAL-''ma'' IGI KI.A [''me-riš'' NU SI.SA<sub>2</sub>] "If this star rises early: [the irrigated cultivated] land [of the country will prosper]; if this star rises late: [the irrigated cultivated] land [of the country will not prosper]" [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, IX 6], see also [ibid.<ref name=":1" />, X 17].

	(14) ~~Heliacal risings earlier~~ and ~~later than~~ the ~~set timeː BE-''ma'' MUL BI NIM-''ma'' IGI KI.A~~ [''~~me-riš~~'' ~~KUR SI.SA~~<sub>2</sub>] / BE-''ma'' ~~MUL BI UD.ZAL-~~''ma'' ~~IGI KI.A [~~''~~me-riš~~'' ~~NU SI.SA~~<sub>2</sub>] "If ~~this star rises early: [~~the ~~irrigated cultivated] land [of~~ the ~~country will prosper]; if this star rises late: [the irrigated cultivated] land [of the country will not prosper]~~" [~~BPO 2~~<ref name=":1" />, ~~IX 6], see also [ibid.~~<ref name=":1" />~~, X 17~~].		(14) The Moon and the Kidneyː [DIŠ] 30 ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>BAR<sub>2</sub> TUR<sub>3</sub> NIGIN-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB ... "If in month Nisan the Moon is surrounded by a halo and the Kidney (= Mercury or Mars) stands in it..." [ACh Suppl.<ref name=":14" /> 2, 16:33; CAD<ref name=":0" /> K 76]; see also (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]].

	(15) The Moon and the Kidneyː [DIŠ] 30 ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>BAR<sub>2</sub> TUR<sub>3</sub> NIGIN-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB ... "If in month Nisan the Moon is surrounded by a halo and the Kidney (= Mercury or Mars) stands in it..." [ACh Suppl.<ref name=":14" /> 2, 16:33; CAD<ref name=":0" /> K 76]; see also (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]].		(15) Pleiades and the Kidneyː DIŠ MUL.MUL <sup>mul</sup>ELLAG<sub>2</sub> ''ikšud''(KUR-''ud'') ''ina šatti''(MU) ''šiāti''(BI) ''um-mu'' [...] "If the Star Cluster reaches the Kidney: in this year will be heat [...]" [SpTU III<ref name=":6" />, 101:15], for a parallel see [Borger 1973<ref name=":4" />, 40: r. 3′]; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ana'' MUL.MUL TE <sup>d</sup>IM [RA] "If the Kidney comes close to the Star Cluster: Adad [will devastate]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14" />, 21:38].

	~~(16~~) Pleiades and the Kidneyː DIŠ MUL.MUL <sup>mul</sup>ELLAG<sub>2</sub> ''ikšud''(KUR-''ud'') ''ina šatti''(MU) ''šiāti''(BI) ''um-mu'' [...] "If the Star Cluster reaches the Kidney: in this year will be heat [...]" [SpTU III<ref name=":6" />, 101:15], for a parallel see [Borger 1973<ref name=":4" />, 40: r. 3′]; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ana'' MUL.MUL TE <sup>d</sup>IM [RA] "If the Kidney comes close to the Star Cluster: Adad [will devastate]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14" />, 21:38].

	== Historical Dictionaries ==		== Historical Dictionaries ==

HermannHunger: /* Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim */

2026-06-03T19:55:03Z

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

Sushoff at 10:03, 19 May 2026

2026-05-19T10:03:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:03, 19 May 2026
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	<sup>mul</sup>BIR (𒀯𒄵), <sup>mul</sup>''Kalītu(m)'' (𒀯𒅗𒇷𒌅)'','' 'The Kidney,' is the name of an ancient Mesopotamian ~~asterism~~ in [[Puppis]]. ~~A kidney-shaped asterism also~~ occurs in the constellation [[LU.LIM]] = ''lulīmu'', 'The Stag.' Numerous Ancient Mesopotamian clay models of kidneys of sacrificial animals used for divination by diviner-priests (''bārû'') find their place in cuneiform collections around the world.<ref>British Museum: The Liver Tablet (BM 92668) https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1889-0426-238</ref> These provide what must be a view of how the ‘Kidney’-constellation appeared to Ancient Mesopotamian astronomers. Further insight into the shape of the constellation can be gleaned from the identification of the Moon’s phase from the 6th to the 10th of the lunar month as a kidney (''kalītu'').		<sup>mul</sup>BIR (𒀯𒄵), <sup>mul</sup>''Kalītu(m)'' (𒀯𒅗𒇷𒌅)'','' 'The Kidney,' is the name of at least two ancient Mesopotamian asterisms, one in [[Puppis]] and one in the area of [[Cassiopeia]]/[[Andromeda]]. The latter occurs in the constellation [[LU.LIM]] = ''lulīmu'', 'The Stag.'

			Numerous Ancient Mesopotamian clay models of kidneys of sacrificial animals used for divination by diviner-priests (''bārû'') find their place in cuneiform collections around the world.<ref>British Museum: The Liver Tablet (BM 92668) https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1889-0426-238</ref> These provide what must be a view of how the ‘Kidney’-constellation appeared to Ancient Mesopotamian astronomers. Further insight into the shape of the constellation can be gleaned from the identification of the Moon’s phase from the 6th to the 10th of the lunar month as a kidney (''kalītu'').
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Sign-lists demonstrate the reading 'ellag' for BIR (CAD K 74).		Sign-lists demonstrate the reading 'ellag' for BIR (CAD K 74).
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	* = <sup>(mul)</sup>''kalītu'' "Kidney" (CAD<ref name=":0">''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> K 74-75, [https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/epsd2/sux?q=kidney ePSD ellag]);		* = <sup>(mul)</sup>''kalītu'' "Kidney" (CAD<ref name=":0">''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> K 74-75, [https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/epsd2/sux?q=kidney ePSD ellag]);

	The term is also equated with MUL.MUL in lexical texts, see (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]], although MUL.MUL is the standard Sumerian name for the Pleiades. Apparently, some ancient Mesopotamian star-gazers saw a similar cluster in ''lulimmu'', ('The Stag'). A related omen is to be found [[MUL.MUL#Astrology.\|sub MUL.MUL (3)]].		The term is also equated with MUL.MUL in lexical texts, see (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]], although MUL.MUL is the standard Sumerian name for the [[Pleiades]]. Apparently, some ancient Mesopotamian star-gazers saw a similar cluster in ''lulimmu'', ('The Stag'). A related omen is to be found [[MUL.MUL#Astrology.\|sub MUL.MUL (3)]].
	* 1) a constellation or star within Puppis (stern, poop deck),		* 1) a constellation or star within Puppis (stern, poop deck),
	* 2) a star in the constellation LU.LIM "Stag" (Cassiopeia /Andromeda) [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 11; Gössmann 1950,<ref name=":2">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 56].		* 2) a star in the constellation LU.LIM "Stag" (Cassiopeia /Andromeda) [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 11; Gössmann 1950,<ref name=":2">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 56].
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	\| '''Lexical texts.'''		\| '''Lexical texts.'''
	* Series Urra XXII: <sup>mul</sup>bir = ''ka-li-tu'' [MSL XI<ref>''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 30:26a, 49:63; Bloch and Horowitz 2015<ref>Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 104:269′]; for parallels see [SpTU I<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 54:11′; Weidner 1959-60<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, 112, VAT 9430 Rs. 18 (early Neo-Assyrian parallel to Urra from Assur).		* Series Urra XXII:
			** <sup>mul</sup>bir = ''ka-li-tu'' [MSL XI<ref>''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 30:26a, 49:63; Bloch and Horowitz 2015<ref>Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 104:269′];
			** for parallels see [SpTU I<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 54:11′; Weidner 1959-60<ref>''Weidner E. '' Ein astrologischer Sammeltext aus der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, 112, VAT 9430 Rs. 18 (early Neo-Assyrian parallel to Urra from Assur).
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	Horowitz 2014: 245		Horowitz 2014: 245

	Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7) mul sa<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 Section II, i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).		Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7)

			* mul sa<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a''
			* "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 Section II, i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).

			Month-Star Lists (Horowitz 2014: 192, Ea VI); BM 82923: 16:

			* <sup>mul</sup>[BIR] // 3 // <sup>d</sup>1 <sup>d</sup>50 <sup>d</sup>40 x šu<sub>2</sub>-''nu,''
			* ''"''The [Kidney], // 180 // Anu, Enlil, Ea, all three(?)" [Horowitz 2014: 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref name=":15">''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 28, 30:16].

	~~Month-Star Lists (~~Horowitz 2014: ~~192~~, ~~Ea VI~~)~~; BM 82923: 16~~: ~~<sup>mul</sup>[BIR] // 3 // <sup>d</sup>1 <sup>d</sup>50 <sup>d</sup>40 x šu<sub>2</sub>-''nu, "''The [Kidney], // 180 // Anu, Enlil,~~ Ea~~, all three(?)" [Horowitz 2014: 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref name=":15">''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 28, 30~~:~~16].~~		Rising and Setting Stars: Horowitz 2014: 161-162 (Rising Month VI, Setting Month XII): Ea:

	~~Rising and Setting Stars: Horowitz 2014: 161-162 (Rising Month VI, Setting Month XII): Ea:~~ <sup>mul</sup>BIR/<sup>l</sup>''Kalītu,'' Anu: <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup>, Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA/ <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.		* <sup>mul</sup>BIR/<sup>l</sup>''Kalītu,''
			* Anu: <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup>,
			* Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA/ <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.

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	\|'''"The Great Star List and Miscellanea".'''		\|'''"The Great Star List and Miscellanea".'''
	* (1) List of names of Mars: <sup>mul</sup>bir = <sup>d</sup>min (= <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'') "Kidney = Mars"; parallel [Civil 1974<ref>''Civil M.'' Medical Commentaries from Nippur // JNES. 1974. Vol. 33, No 3. P. 329-338.</ref>, 337:21; Reiner 1995<ref name=":9">''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 60];		* (1) List of names of Mars:
			** <sup>mul</sup>bir = <sup>d</sup>min (= <sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'')
			** "Kidney = Mars"; parallel [Civil 1974<ref>''Civil M.'' Medical Commentaries from Nippur // JNES. 1974. Vol. 33, No 3. P. 329-338.</ref>, 337:21; Reiner 1995<ref name=":9">''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 60];
	* (2) 12 stars of Amurru: <sup>mul</sup>bir;		* (2) 12 stars of Amurru: <sup>mul</sup>bir;
	* (3) description of the phases of the moon:		* (3) description of the phases of the moon:
	** 30 ''ina'' igi.lal-''šu''<sub>2</sub> ... ta ud.6.kam en ud.10.kam 5 ud-''mi ka-li-tu''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>''e''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The Moon at its appearance ... from the 6th day to the 10th day, 5 days, (is like) the Kidney, Ea" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":10">''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B: 106, 217, 281, 283-4].		** 30 ''ina'' igi.lal-''šu''<sub>2</sub> ... ta ud.6.kam en ud.10.kam 5 ud-''mi ka-li-tu''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>''e''<sub>2</sub>-''a''
			** "The Moon at its appearance ... from the 6th day to the 10th day, 5 days, (is like) the Kidney, Ea" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":10">''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B: 106, 217, 281, 283-4].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-

Sushoff at 09:56, 19 May 2026

2026-05-19T09:56:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:56, 19 May 2026
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	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]
	[[Category:Pup]]		[[Category:Pup]][[Category:Cas]][[Category:And]]
	[[Category:~~4workWayne~~]]

YoulaAzkarrula at 00:59, 16 May 2026

2026-05-16T00:59:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:59, 16 May 2026
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	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]]
	[[Category:Asterism]]		[[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]
			[[Category:Pup]]
	[[Category:4workWayne]]		[[Category:4workWayne]]

Sushoff at 13:38, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T13:38:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:38, 14 May 2026
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	----		----

	<sup>mul</sup>BIR (𒀯𒄵), <sup>mul</sup>''Kalītu(m)'' (𒀯𒅗𒇷𒌅)'','' 'The Kidney,' is the name of an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Puppis]]. A kidney-shaped asterism also occurs in the constellation [[LU.LIM]] = ''lulīmu'', 'The Stag.' Numerous Ancient Mesopotamian clay models of kidneys of ~~sacrifical~~ animals used for divination by diviner-priests (''bārû'') find their place in cuneiform collections around the world.<ref>British Museum: The Liver Tablet (BM 92668) https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1889-0426-238</ref> These provide what must be a view of how the ‘Kidney’-constellation appeared to Ancient ~~Mesopotamain~~ astronomers. Further insight into the shape of the constellation can be gleaned from the identification of the Moon’s phase from the 6th to the 10th of the lunar month as a kidney (''kalītu'').		<sup>mul</sup>BIR (𒀯𒄵), <sup>mul</sup>''Kalītu(m)'' (𒀯𒅗𒇷𒌅)'','' 'The Kidney,' is the name of an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Puppis]]. A kidney-shaped asterism also occurs in the constellation [[LU.LIM]] = ''lulīmu'', 'The Stag.' Numerous Ancient Mesopotamian clay models of kidneys of sacrificial animals used for divination by diviner-priests (''bārû'') find their place in cuneiform collections around the world.<ref>British Museum: The Liver Tablet (BM 92668) https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1889-0426-238</ref> These provide what must be a view of how the ‘Kidney’-constellation appeared to Ancient Mesopotamian astronomers. Further insight into the shape of the constellation can be gleaned from the identification of the Moon’s phase from the 6th to the 10th of the lunar month as a kidney (''kalītu'').
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Sign-lists demonstrate the reading 'ellag' for BIR (CAD K 74).		Sign-lists demonstrate the reading 'ellag' for BIR (CAD K 74).
Line 10:		Line 10:
	* = <sup>(mul)</sup>''kalītu'' "Kidney" (CAD<ref name=":0">''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> K 74-75, [https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/epsd2/sux?q=kidney ePSD ellag]);		* = <sup>(mul)</sup>''kalītu'' "Kidney" (CAD<ref name=":0">''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> K 74-75, [https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/epsd2/sux?q=kidney ePSD ellag]);

	The term is also equated with MUL.MUL in lexical texts, see (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]], although MUL.MUL is the standard Sumerian name for the Pleiades. ~~Apparently~~, some ancient Mesopotamian star-gazers saw a similar cluster in ''lulimmu'', ('The Stag'). A related omen is to be found [[MUL.MUL#Astrology.\|sub MUL.MUL (3)]].		The term is also equated with MUL.MUL in lexical texts, see (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]], although MUL.MUL is the standard Sumerian name for the Pleiades. Apparently, some ancient Mesopotamian star-gazers saw a similar cluster in ''lulimmu'', ('The Stag'). A related omen is to be found [[MUL.MUL#Astrology.\|sub MUL.MUL (3)]].
	* 1) a constellation or star within Puppis (stern, poop deck),		* 1) a constellation or star within Puppis (stern, poop deck),
	* 2) a star in the constellation LU.LIM "Stag" (Cassiopeia /Andromeda) [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 11; Gössmann 1950,<ref name=":2">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 56].		* 2) a star in the constellation LU.LIM "Stag" (Cassiopeia /Andromeda) [BPO 2<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 11; Gössmann 1950,<ref name=":2">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 56].

Sushoff at 13:23, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T13:23:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:23, 14 May 2026
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	Rising and Setting Stars: Horowitz 2014: 161-162 (Rising Month VI, Setting Month XII): Ea: <sup>mul</sup>BIR/<sup>l</sup>''Kalītu,'' Anu: <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup>, Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA/ <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.		Rising and Setting Stars: Horowitz 2014: 161-162 (Rising Month VI, Setting Month XII): Ea: <sup>mul</sup>BIR/<sup>l</sup>''Kalītu,'' Anu: <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup>, Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA/ <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.
	**
	\| no. (1)		\| no. (1)
	\|-		\|-

WayneHorowitz at 12:54, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T12:54:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:54, 14 May 2026
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	Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7) mul sa<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 Section II, i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).		Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7) mul sa<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 Section II, i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).

	Month-Star Lists (Horowitz 2014: 192, Ea VI); BM 82923: 16: <sup>mul</sup>[BIR] // 3 // <sup>d</sup>1 <sup>d</sup>50 <sup>d</sup>40 x šu<sub>2</sub>-''nu, "''The [Kidney], // 180 // Anu, Enlil, Ea, all three(?)" [Horowitz 2014: 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref name=":15" />, 28, 30:16].		Month-Star Lists (Horowitz 2014: 192, Ea VI); BM 82923: 16: <sup>mul</sup>[BIR] // 3 // <sup>d</sup>1 <sup>d</sup>50 <sup>d</sup>40 x šu<sub>2</sub>-''nu, "''The [Kidney], // 180 // Anu, Enlil, Ea, all three(?)" [Horowitz 2014: 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref name=":15">''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 28, 30:16].

	Rising and Setting Stars: Horowitz 2014: 161-162 (Rising Month VI, Setting Month XII): Ea: <sup>mul</sup>BIR/<sup>l</sup>''Kalītu,'' Anu: <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup>, Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA/ <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.		Rising and Setting Stars: Horowitz 2014: 161-162 (Rising Month VI, Setting Month XII): Ea: <sup>mul</sup>BIR/<sup>l</sup>''Kalītu,'' Anu: <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup>, Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA/ <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.
	** <s>(2) List (3´12)</s>: <sup>iti</sup><s>kin <sup>mul</sup>''ka-li-tum šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "Month Ululu: The Kidney (in the path of) Ea … " (C i 6); for a parallel see [BPO 2<ref name=":1" />, III 27].</s>		**
	** <s>(3) List (rising-setting=6months):</s>
	*** <s>a) [<sup>iti</sup>ki]n <sup>mul</sup>''ka-li-tum'' <sup>mul</sup>uga <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa ˹e<sub>3</sub>˺ "[Month Ulul]u: Kidney, Raven, Šupa rise" (C 23),</s>
	*** <s>b) <sup>mul</sup>''ka-li-tum'' <sup>mul</sup>ug<sub>5</sub>.ga <sup>mul</sup>šu.pa šu<sub>2</sub> "(Month Addaru): Kidney, Raven, Šupa set." [KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref> 218, C 23, 36; Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft 33.</ref>, Ch. 5-8].</s>
	* <s>BM 82923.</s>
	** <s>Month Ululu, stars of Ea: <sup>mul</sup>[BIR] // 3 // <sup>d</sup>1 <sup>d</sup>50 <sup>d</sup>40 x šu<sub>2</sub>-''nu''</s>
	** <s>"[Kidney] // 180 // Anu, Enlil, Ea, all three(?)". [Walker and Hunger 1977<ref name=":15">''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 28, 30:16].</s>
	* <s>BM 34713.</s>
	** <s><sup>[it]i</sup>kin // 3,[...] <sup>múl</sup>bir // 1,40 <sup>múl</sup>maš.tab.ba.gal.gal // [...<sup>múl</sup>mar].gid<sub>2</sub>.da</s>
	** <s>"Month Ululu: // 180? [...] Kidney // 100 Great Twins // [...Wa]gon." [LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1499:6].</s>
	\| no. (1)		\| no. (1)
	\|-
	~~\|"<s>'''Catalog of 30 stars.'''"</s>~~
	* <s>Ea 7:</s>
	** <s>MUL SA<sub>5</sub> (B: MUL.MEŠ - error) ''ša i-na'' ZI IM.ULU<sub>3</sub> ''.''LU ''a-na mi-iḫ-ri-it'' <sup>mul</sup>''ni-ri''(B: ŠUDUN) GUB-''zu'' MUL ''šu-u''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>[lBIR <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'']</s>
	** <s>"The red star which stands where the south wind rises, before the Yoke, this star is ['The Kidney', Ea"] (A. 8, B. 11) [Oelsner and Horowitz 1997-98<ref name=":3">''Oelsner J., Horowitz W.'' The 30-Star-Catalogue HS 1897 and The Late Parallel BM 55502 // AfO. 1997-1998. Bd. 44-45. S. 176-185.</ref>, 177].</s>
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''EAE.'''		\|'''EAE.'''

WayneHorowitz at 12:49, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T12:49:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:49, 14 May 2026
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	Horowitz 2014: 245		Horowitz 2014: 245

	Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7) mul sa<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 II i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).		Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7) mul sa<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 Section II, i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).

	Month-Star Lists (Horowitz 2014: 192, Ea VI); BM 82923: 16: <sup>mul</sup>[BIR] // 3 // <sup>d</sup>1 <sup>d</sup>50 <sup>d</sup>40 x šu<sub>2</sub>-''nu, "''The [Kidney], ~~"[Kidney]~~ // 180 // Anu, Enlil, Ea, all three(?)" [Horowitz 2014: 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref name=":15" />, 28, 30:16].		Month-Star Lists (Horowitz 2014: 192, Ea VI); BM 82923: 16: <sup>mul</sup>[BIR] // 3 // <sup>d</sup>1 <sup>d</sup>50 <sup>d</sup>40 x šu<sub>2</sub>-''nu, "''The [Kidney], // 180 // Anu, Enlil, Ea, all three(?)" [Horowitz 2014: 141-142, Walker and Hunger 1977<ref name=":15" />, 28, 30:16].

	Rising and Setting Stars: Horowitz 2014: 161-162 (Rising Month VI, Setting Month XII): Ea: <sup>mul</sup>BIR/<sup>l</sup>''Kalītu,'' Anu: <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup>, Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA/ <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.		Rising and Setting Stars: Horowitz 2014: 161-162 (Rising Month VI, Setting Month XII): Ea: <sup>mul</sup>BIR/<sup>l</sup>''Kalītu,'' Anu: <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup>, Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA/ <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.

WayneHorowitz at 04:43, 14 May 2026

2026-05-14T04:43:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:43, 14 May 2026
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	\| '''Three Stars Each (Astrolabe Group)'''		\| '''Three Stars Each (Astrolabe Group)'''
	Horowitz 2014: 245		Horowitz 2014: 245

	Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7) mul sa<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 II i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).		Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7) mul sa<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 II i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:55, 3 June 2026
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	Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7)		Star Catalogues (Horowitz 2014: 104, 106, Ea 7)

	* ~~mul sa~~<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' ~~zi im~~.~~ulu~~<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a''		* MUL SA<sub>5</sub> ''ša ina'' ZI IM.ULU<sub>3</sub>.lu ana igi-''it'' <sup>mul</sup>šudun gub-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>bir <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a''
	* "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 Section II, i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).		* "The red star, which at the rising of the south wind, stands before the Yoke (is) The Kidney, Ea" (KAV 218 Section II, i 17-18, restored from HS 1897, BM 55502).

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	* (2) 12 stars of Amurru: <sup>mul</sup>bir;		* (2) 12 stars of Amurru: <sup>mul</sup>bir;
	* (3) description of the phases of the moon:		* (3) description of the phases of the moon:
	** 30 ''ina'' ~~igi~~.~~lal~~-''šu''<sub>2</sub> ... ~~ta ud~~.6.~~kam en ud~~.10.~~kam~~ 5 ud-''mi ka-li-tu''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>''e''<sub>2</sub>-''a''		** 30 ''ina'' IGI.LAL-''šu''<sub>2</sub> ... TA UD.6.KAM EN UD.10.KAM 5 UD-''mi ka-li-tu''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>''e''<sub>2</sub>-''a''
	** "The Moon at its appearance ... from the 6th day to the 10th day, 5 days, (is like) the Kidney, Ea" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":10">''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B: 106, 217, 281, 283-4].		** "The Moon at its appearance ... from the 6th day to the 10th day, 5 days, (is like) the Kidney, Ea" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":10">''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B: 106, 217, 281, 283-4].
	\|		\|
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	\|'''Anaphora.'''		\|'''Anaphora.'''
	* А 3427: ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>kin ''ina še-rim'' ud 28 <sup>múl</sup>bir ki.min(= ''meš-ḫa im-šuḫ'' ZI)		* А 3427: ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>kin ''ina še-rim'' ud 28 <sup>múl</sup>bir ki.min(= ''meš-ḫa im-šuḫ'' ZI)
	* "In the month Ululu, in the morning of the 28th day, the Kidney emits ''mišḫu'' and rises" [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":11">''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 238:13],		* "In the month Ululu, in the morning of the 28th day, the Kidney emits a ''mišḫu'' and rises" [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":11">''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 238:13],
	* parallel in BM 34713: ''ina'' ~~kin~~ ''ina še-rim'' ud 28.kam <sup>múl</sup>bir ''meš-ḫu im-šuḫ'' ZI [ibid.<ref name=":11" /> 245:15]. see now [Steele 2017, 50 rev. i 15].		* parallel in BM 34713: ''ina'' KIN ''ina še-rim'' ud 28.kam <sup>múl</sup>bir ''meš-ḫu im-šuḫ'' ZI [ibid.<ref name=":11" /> 245:15]. see now [Steele 2017, 50 rev. i 15].
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}
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	(10) Kidney (= Mercury) and planet (= Saturn)ː DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM TE ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> SI.[SA<sub>2</sub>] / <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA ''ana'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ TE "If the Kidney comes close to a planet: sesame will be normal. (This means): Mercury in the Giant comes close to Saturn." [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14" />, 21:36-37].		(10) Kidney (= Mercury) and planet (= Saturn)ː DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM TE ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> SI.[SA<sub>2</sub>] / <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA ''ana'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ TE "If the Kidney comes close to a planet: sesame will be normal. (This means): Mercury in the Giant comes close to Saturn." [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14" />, 21:36-37].

	(11) Kidney (= Mercury) and Raven (= Saturn)ː ''šumma'' <sup>mul</sup>ELLAG<sub>2</sub> ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup> ''i-z''[''iz''...] "If the Kidney stands(?) ... towards the Raven." [SpTU III<ref name=":6" />, 101:33]; DIŠ <sup>ul</sup>''ellag''(BIR) ''ana'' <sup>ul</sup>ug<sub>5</sub>.ga ''i-mid'' še.~~giš.i~~<sub>3</sub> sig<sub>5</sub> AN.MI [...] "If the Kidney stops close to the Raven: sesame will be good, eclipse [...]" [Borger 1973<ref name=":4" />, 41:25′]; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup> ''i-mid'' ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> SIG<sub>5</sub> / <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>d</sup>GU.LA ''ana'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ TE "If the Kidney stops close to the Raven: sesame will be good. (This means): Mercury in the Giant comes close to Saturn." [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14" />, 21:39-40].		(11) Kidney (= Mercury) and Raven (= Saturn)ː ''šumma'' <sup>mul</sup>ELLAG<sub>2</sub> ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup> ''i-z''[''iz''...] "If the Kidney stands(?) ... towards the Raven." [SpTU III<ref name=":6" />, 101:33]; DIŠ <sup>ul</sup>''ellag''(BIR) ''ana'' <sup>ul</sup>UG<sub>5</sub>.GA ''i-mid'' ŠE.GIŠ<sub>3</sub> sig<sub>5</sub> AN.MI [...] "If the Kidney stops close to the Raven: sesame will be good, eclipse [...]" [Borger 1973<ref name=":4" />, 41:25′]; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BIR ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UGA<sup>mušen</sup> ''i-mid'' ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> SIG<sub>5</sub> / <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>d</sup>GU.LA ''ana'' <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ TE "If the Kidney stops close to the Raven: sesame will be good. (This means): Mercury in the Giant comes close to Saturn." [ACh Ištar<ref name=":14" />, 21:39-40].

	(12) Planet and Kidney (=Mercury?): DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM <sup>mul</sup>BIR TE-''šu'' ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> SI.SA<sub>2</sub> "If a planet - the Kidney comes close to it: sesame will prosper" [Largement 1957<ref name=":5" />, 246:51a].		(12) Planet and Kidney (=Mercury?): DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM <sup>mul</sup>BIR TE-''šu'' ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> SI.SA<sub>2</sub> "If a planet - the Kidney comes close to it: sesame will prosper" [Largement 1957<ref name=":5" />, 246:51a].