E2-a - Revision history

HermannHunger at 16:47, 5 June 2026

2026-06-05T16:47:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:47, 5 June 2026
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	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]
	<sup>d</sup>Enki = <sup>d</sup>''Ea'' (𒀭𒂍𒀀), is the god of wisdom and the ‘water god’ of Ancient Mesopotamia, in particular the subterranean fresh-water ocean Apsu. In traditional Mesopotamian astronomy, Ea’s stellar path is the southernmost in the sky. Thus, it is natural for him to be closely related to the southern constellation <sup>mul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub>, ‘The Fish’ ([[Piscis Austrinus]]). Enki = Ea is also identified with a number of other asterisms in various sources including <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA, 'The Great One' ([[Aquarius]]) and <sup>mul</sup>BIR, 'The Kidney.'		<sup>d</sup>Enki = <sup>d</sup>''Ea'' (𒀭𒂍𒀀), is the god of wisdom and the ‘water god’ of Ancient Mesopotamia, in particular the subterranean fresh-water ocean Apsu. In traditional Mesopotamian astronomy, Ea’s stellar path is the southernmost in the sky. Thus, it is natural for him to be closely related to the southern constellation <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, ‘The Fish’ ([[Piscis Austrinus]]). Enki = Ea is also identified with a number of other asterisms in various sources including <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA, 'The Great One' ([[Aquarius]]) and <sup>mul</sup>BIR, 'The Kidney.'

	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	= <sup>d</sup>DIŠ; Ea, god of the subterranean ocean Apsu, god of wisdom, lord of fortune and patron of divination; played an important role in the Mesopotamian sky. Among his epithets ''ka-bi-su qe<sub>2</sub>-reb šamê rūqūti'' "He ~~stands out~~ in the middle of the wide heavens" [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 107]. The following astral aspects of Ea can be distinguished.		= <sup>d</sup>DIŠ; Ea, god of the subterranean ocean Apsu, god of wisdom, lord of fortune and patron of divination; played an important role in the Mesopotamian sky. Among his epithets ''ka-bi-su qe<sub>2</sub>-reb šamê rūqūti'' "He walks about in the middle of the wide heavens" [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 107]. The following astral aspects of Ea can be distinguished.

	#In the subdivision of the sky into three regions, there are the "Stars (or 'paths') of Enlil, Anu and Ea", with the stars south of the equatorial zone associated with Ea. Such subdivisions are found for the first time in the Hittite prayers to the Gods of the Night [KUB<ref>''Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazköi'' (''Berlin''). KBo</ref> IV, 47 r. 46-47; Van der Toorn 1985, 130]. The expressions used were ''kakkabāni'' (MUL.MEŠ) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "Stars of Ea" and ''ḫarrān'' (KASKAL) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "The path (or 'road') of Ea"; in Enūma eliš (V 8): ''man-za-az'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "the (heavenly) stations of Enlil and Ea", identified with <sup>mul</sup>APIN and <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, 'The Plough' and 'The Fish' (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 6-7). Lists of Ea stars:		#In the subdivision of the sky into three regions, there are the "Stars (or 'paths') of Enlil, Anu and Ea", with the stars south of the equatorial zone associated with Ea. Such subdivisions are found for the first time in the Hittite prayers to the Gods of the Night [KUB<ref>''Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazköi'' (''Berlin''). KBo</ref> IV, 47 r. 46-47; Van der Toorn 1985, 130]. The expressions used were ''kakkabāni'' (MUL.MEŠ) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "Stars of Ea" and ''ḫarrān'' (KASKAL) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "The path (or 'road') of Ea"; in Enūma eliš (V 8): ''man-za-az'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "the (heavenly) stations of Enlil and Ea", identified with <sup>mul</sup>APIN and <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, 'The Plough' and 'The Fish' (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 6-7). Lists of Ea stars:
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	##DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>MIN(=<sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'') <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> KUR-''ma'' [...]: <sup>d</sup>''Dil-bat ina'' <sup>mul</sup> <sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.G[A<sub>2</sub> ...]		##DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>MIN(=<sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'') <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> KUR-''ma'' [...]: <sup>d</sup>''Dil-bat ina'' <sup>mul</sup> <sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.G[A<sub>2</sub> ...]
	##*"If the star of Ea reaches the Field [...] (it means): Venus is in the Hired Man [...]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1" />, 22:3-4] ("star of Ea" = Venus);		##*"If the star of Ea reaches the Field [...] (it means): Venus is in the Hired Man [...]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1" />, 22:3-4] ("star of Ea" = Venus);
	##[DIŠ ~~mul~~ <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>]-''a ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> GUB-''iz''		##[DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>]-''a ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> GUB-''iz''
	##* "[If the star of E]a stands inside the Field [...]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1" />, 23:24] (and also [ibid.<ref name=":1" />, 23:25]), (star Ea = Venus?);		##* "[If the star of E]a stands inside the Field [...]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1" />, 23:24] (and also [ibid.<ref name=":1" />, 23:25]), (star Ea = Venus?);

WayneHorowitz at 17:04, 24 May 2026

2026-05-24T17:04:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:04, 24 May 2026
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	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]
	<sup>d</sup>Enki = <sup>d</sup>''Ea'' (𒀭𒂍𒀀), is the god of wisdom and the ‘water god’ of Ancient Mesopotamia, in particular the subterranean fresh-water ocean Apsu. In traditional Mesopotamian astronomy, Ea’s stellar path is the southernmost in the sky. Thus, it is natural for him to be closely related to the southern constellation <sup>mul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub>, ‘The Fish’ ([[Piscis Austrinus]]). ~~Yet, he~~ is also ~~represented in~~ a ~~constellation next to it, the constellation~~ of ~~[[GU.LA\|~~<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA]], The Great One ([[Aquarius]]), ~~as this is a by name of the god~~.		<sup>d</sup>Enki = <sup>d</sup>''Ea'' (𒀭𒂍𒀀), is the god of wisdom and the ‘water god’ of Ancient Mesopotamia, in particular the subterranean fresh-water ocean Apsu. In traditional Mesopotamian astronomy, Ea’s stellar path is the southernmost in the sky. Thus, it is natural for him to be closely related to the southern constellation <sup>mul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub>, ‘The Fish’ ([[Piscis Austrinus]]). Enki = Ea is also identified with a number of other asterisms in various sources including <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA, 'The Great One' ([[Aquarius]]) and <sup>mul</sup>BIR, 'The Kidney.'

	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}

WayneHorowitz at 16:54, 24 May 2026

2026-05-24T16:54:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:54, 24 May 2026
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	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]
	<sup>d</sup>Enki = <sup>d</sup>''Ea'' (𒀭𒂍𒀀) is the ‘water god’ of Ancient Mesopotamia, in particular the subterranean fresh-water ocean Apsu. In traditional Mesopotamian astronomy, Ea’s stellar path is the southernmost in the sky. Thus, it is natural for him to be closely related to the southern constellation <sup>mul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub>, ‘The Fish’ ([[Piscis Austrinus]]). Yet, he is also represented in a constellation next to it, the constellation of [[GU.LA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA]], The Great One ([[Aquarius]]), as this is a ~~byname~~ of the god.		<sup>d</sup>Enki = <sup>d</sup>''Ea'' (𒀭𒂍𒀀), is the god of wisdom and the ‘water god’ of Ancient Mesopotamia, in particular the subterranean fresh-water ocean Apsu. In traditional Mesopotamian astronomy, Ea’s stellar path is the southernmost in the sky. Thus, it is natural for him to be closely related to the southern constellation <sup>mul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub>, ‘The Fish’ ([[Piscis Austrinus]]). Yet, he is also represented in a constellation next to it, the constellation of [[GU.LA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA]], The Great One ([[Aquarius]]), as this is a by name of the god.

	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}

HermannHunger: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[1] */

2026-05-22T18:35:38Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:35, 22 May 2026
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	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	= <sup>d</sup>DIŠ; Ea, god of the subterranean ocean Apsu, god of wisdom, lord of fortune and patron of divination; played an important role in the Mesopotamian sky. Among his epithets ''ka-bi-su qe<sub>2</sub>-reb šamê rūqūti'' "He stands out in the middle of the ~~high~~ heavens" [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 107]. The following astral aspects of Ea can be distinguished.		= <sup>d</sup>DIŠ; Ea, god of the subterranean ocean Apsu, god of wisdom, lord of fortune and patron of divination; played an important role in the Mesopotamian sky. Among his epithets ''ka-bi-su qe<sub>2</sub>-reb šamê rūqūti'' "He stands out in the middle of the wide heavens" [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 107]. The following astral aspects of Ea can be distinguished.

	#In the subdivision of the sky into three regions, there are the "Stars (or 'paths') of Enlil, Anu and Ea", with the stars south of the equatorial zone associated with Ea. Such subdivisions are found for the first time in the Hittite prayers to the Gods of the Night [KUB<ref>''Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazköi'' (''Berlin''). KBo</ref> IV, 47 r. 46-47; Van der Toorn 1985, 130]. The expressions used were ''kakkabāni'' (MUL.MEŠ) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "Stars of Ea" and ''ḫarrān'' (KASKAL) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "The path (or 'road') of Ea"; in Enūma eliš (V 8): ''man-za-az'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "the (heavenly) stations of Enlil and Ea", identified with <sup>mul</sup>APIN and <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, 'The Plough' and 'The Fish' (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 6-7). Lists of Ea stars:		#In the subdivision of the sky into three regions, there are the "Stars (or 'paths') of Enlil, Anu and Ea", with the stars south of the equatorial zone associated with Ea. Such subdivisions are found for the first time in the Hittite prayers to the Gods of the Night [KUB<ref>''Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazköi'' (''Berlin''). KBo</ref> IV, 47 r. 46-47; Van der Toorn 1985, 130]. The expressions used were ''kakkabāni'' (MUL.MEŠ) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "Stars of Ea" and ''ḫarrān'' (KASKAL) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "The path (or 'road') of Ea"; in Enūma eliš (V 8): ''man-za-az'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "the (heavenly) stations of Enlil and Ea", identified with <sup>mul</sup>APIN and <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, 'The Plough' and 'The Fish' (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 6-7). Lists of Ea stars:
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	##(a) <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'', <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'', <sup>mul</sup>NUN<sup>ki</sup> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' in MUL.APIN I ii 19-20, and the Astrolabe tradition (Horowitz 2017: 98),		##(a) <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'', <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'', <sup>mul</sup>NUN<sup>ki</sup> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' in MUL.APIN I ii 19-20, and the Astrolabe tradition (Horowitz 2017: 98),
	##(b) <sup>múl</sup>BIR <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' in the Astrolabe tradition (Horowitz 2017: 111),		##(b) <sup>múl</sup>BIR <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' in the Astrolabe tradition (Horowitz 2017: 111),
	##(c) <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' the name of Jupiter in the month ~~of Adaru~~ in K.5990 :13 [IIIR, 53:2].		##(c) <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' the name of Jupiter in the month Addaru in K.5990 :13 [IIIR, 53:2].
	#"Ea star" as a designation for planets in astrological texts;		#"Ea star" as a designation for planets in astrological texts;
	## DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a a-dir'' GAN<sub>2</sub>.ZI NU SI.SA<sub>2</sub> ...: <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku6</sup> ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''tan-nat-ma''		## DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a a-dir'' GAN<sub>2</sub>.ZI NU SI.SA<sub>2</sub> ...: <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku6</sup> ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''tan-nat-ma''
	##*"If the star of Ea is ~~dim~~, crops will not prosper ... (it means): Mercury in Capricorn is dim" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1">''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 21:43-44], here "star of Ea" = Mercury in Capricorn;		##*"If the star of Ea is dark, crops will not prosper ... (it means): Mercury in Capricorn is dim" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1">''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 21:43-44], here "star of Ea" = Mercury in Capricorn;
	##DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>MIN(=<sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'') <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> KUR-''ma'' [...]: <sup>d</sup>''Dil-bat ina'' <sup>mul</sup> <sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.G[A<sub>2</sub> ...]		##DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>MIN(=<sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'') <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> KUR-''ma'' [...]: <sup>d</sup>''Dil-bat ina'' <sup>mul</sup> <sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.G[A<sub>2</sub> ...]
	##*"If the star of Ea reaches the Field [...] (it means): Venus is in the Hired Man [...]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1" />, 22:3-4] ("star of Ea" = Venus);		##*"If the star of Ea reaches the Field [...] (it means): Venus is in the Hired Man [...]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1" />, 22:3-4] ("star of Ea" = Venus);

YoulaAzkarrula at 03:29, 19 May 2026

2026-05-19T03:29:22Z

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	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:Akkadian]]		[[Category:Akkadian]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]
	[[Category:Deity]]		[[Category:Deity]]

Sushoff at 16:26, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T16:26:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:26, 26 March 2026
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	Authors: ~~Gennady Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
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	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]

Sushoff at 14:44, 22 January 2026

2026-01-22T14:44:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:44, 22 January 2026
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	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: Gennady Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
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	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]

Sushoff at 07:08, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T07:08:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:08, 17 January 2026
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			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----
	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]
	<sup>d</sup>Enki = <sup>d</sup>''Ea'' (𒀭𒂍𒀀) is the ‘water god’ of Ancient Mesopotamia, in particular the subterranean fresh-water ocean Apsu. In traditional Mesopotamian astronomy, Ea’s stellar path is the southernmost in the sky. Thus, it is natural for him to be closely related to the southern constellation <sup>mul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub>, ‘The Fish’ ([[Piscis Austrinus]]). Yet, he is also represented in a constellation next to it, the constellation of [[GU.LA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA]], The Great One ([[Aquarius]]), as this is a byname of the god.		<sup>d</sup>Enki = <sup>d</sup>''Ea'' (𒀭𒂍𒀀) is the ‘water god’ of Ancient Mesopotamia, in particular the subterranean fresh-water ocean Apsu. In traditional Mesopotamian astronomy, Ea’s stellar path is the southernmost in the sky. Thus, it is natural for him to be closely related to the southern constellation <sup>mul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub>, ‘The Fish’ ([[Piscis Austrinus]]). Yet, he is also represented in a constellation next to it, the constellation of [[GU.LA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA]], The Great One ([[Aquarius]]), as this is a byname of the god.

HermannHunger at 20:23, 6 January 2026

2026-01-06T20:23:34Z

Sushoff at 17:14, 12 December 2025

2025-12-12T17:14:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:14, 12 December 2025
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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

	~~===Kurtik with Hilder~~, ~~Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim=~~==
	= <sup>d</sup>DIŠ; Ea, god of the subterranean ocean Apsu, god of wisdom, lord of fortune and patron of divination; played an important role in the Mesopotamian sky. Among his epithets ''ka-bi-su qe<sub>2</sub>-reb šamê rūqūti'' "He stands out in the middle of the high heavens" [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 107]. The following astral aspects of Ea can be distinguished.		= <sup>d</sup>DIŠ; Ea, god of the subterranean ocean Apsu, god of wisdom, lord of fortune and patron of divination; played an important role in the Mesopotamian sky. Among his epithets ''ka-bi-su qe<sub>2</sub>-reb šamê rūqūti'' "He stands out in the middle of the high heavens" [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 107]. The following astral aspects of Ea can be distinguished.

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	[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]		[[File:BabGlobe Fig5 hoffmann+krebernik.png\|alt=image of a celestial globe devided by colour into three sections\|thumb\|schema of the Babylonian Globe devided into the paths of three main gods of the Babylonian pantheon in the early 2nd millennium BCE (by Susanne M Hoffmann, published in Hoffmann and Krebernik 2023).]]
	<sup>d</sup>Enki = <sup>d</sup>''Ea'' (𒀭𒂍𒀀) is the ‘water god’ of Ancient Mesopotamia, in particular the subterranean fresh-water ocean Apsu. In traditional ~~Mespotamian~~ astronomy, Ea’s stellar path is the southernmost in the sky. Thus, it is natural for him to be closely related to the southern constellation <sup>mul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub>, ‘The Fish’ ([[Piscis Austrinus]]). Yet, he is also represented in a constellation next to it, the constellation of [[GU.LA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA]], The Great One ([[Aquarius]]), as this is a byname of the god.		<sup>d</sup>Enki = <sup>d</sup>''Ea'' (𒀭𒂍𒀀) is the ‘water god’ of Ancient Mesopotamia, in particular the subterranean fresh-water ocean Apsu. In traditional Mesopotamian astronomy, Ea’s stellar path is the southernmost in the sky. Thus, it is natural for him to be closely related to the southern constellation <sup>mul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub>, ‘The Fish’ ([[Piscis Austrinus]]). Yet, he is also represented in a constellation next to it, the constellation of [[GU.LA\|<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA]], The Great One ([[Aquarius]]), as this is a byname of the god.

	{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' (Sumerian Enki)}}
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	= <sup>d</sup>DIŠ; Ea, god of the subterranean ocean Apsu, god of wisdom, lord of fortune and patron of divination; played an important role in the Mesopotamian sky. Among his epithets ''ka-bi-su qe<sub>2</sub>-reb šamê rūqūti'' "He stands out in the middle of the high heavens" [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 107]. The following astral aspects of Ea can be distinguished.		= <sup>d</sup>DIŠ; Ea, god of the subterranean ocean Apsu, god of wisdom, lord of fortune and patron of divination; played an important role in the Mesopotamian sky. Among his epithets ''ka-bi-su qe<sub>2</sub>-reb šamê rūqūti'' "He stands out in the middle of the high heavens" [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 107]. The following astral aspects of Ea can be distinguished.

	#In the subdivision of the sky into three regions, there are the "Stars (or '~~ways~~') of Enlil, Anu and Ea", with the stars south of the equatorial zone associated with Ea. Such subdivisions are found for the first time in the Hittite prayers to the Gods of the Night [KUB<ref>''Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazköi'' (''Berlin''). KBo</ref> IV, 47 r. 46-47; Van der Toorn 1985, 130]. The expressions used were ''kakkabāni'' (MUL.MEŠ) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "Stars of Ea" and ''ḫarrān'' (KASKAL) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "The ~~way~~ (or 'road') of Ea"; in Enūma eliš (V 8): ''man-za-az'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "the (heavenly) stations of Enlil and Ea", identified with <sup>mul</sup>APIN and <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, 'The ~~Plow~~ and 'The Fish' (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 6-7). Lists of Ea stars:		#In the subdivision of the sky into three regions, there are the "Stars (or 'paths') of Enlil, Anu and Ea", with the stars south of the equatorial zone associated with Ea. Such subdivisions are found for the first time in the Hittite prayers to the Gods of the Night [KUB<ref>''Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazköi'' (''Berlin''). KBo</ref> IV, 47 r. 46-47; Van der Toorn 1985, 130]. The expressions used were ''kakkabāni'' (MUL.MEŠ) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "Stars of Ea" and ''ḫarrān'' (KASKAL) ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "The path (or 'road') of Ea"; in Enūma eliš (V 8): ''man-za-az'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>''-a'' "the (heavenly) stations of Enlil and Ea", identified with <sup>mul</sup>APIN and <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>, 'The Plough' and 'The Fish' (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 6-7). Lists of Ea stars:
	##(a) 15 Ea stars in MUL.APIN I ii 19-35,		##(a) 15 Ea stars in MUL.APIN I ii 19-35,
	##(b) 12 Ea stars in 82-5-22,512 [CT<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 33, 9 r. 15-21],		##(b) 12 Ea stars in 82-5-22,512 [CT<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 33, 9 r. 15-21],
	##(c) 12 Ea stars in ~~Astr.~~ B [KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref> 218, B i 1-28, C 1-12, left column; Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0" />, 37],		##(c) 12 Ea stars in Astrolabe B [KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref> 218, B i 1-28, C 1-12, left column; Horowitz 2014<ref name=":0" />, 37],
	##(d) 10 Ea stars in the "Catalog of 30 Stars" (A 1-13, B 1-14) [Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98<ref>''Oelsner J., Horowitz W.'' The 30-Star-Catalogue HS 1897 and The Late Parallel BM 55502 // AfO. 1997-1998. Bd. 44-45. S. 176-185.</ref>, 177].		##(d) 10 Ea stars in the "Catalog of 30 Stars" (A 1-13, B 1-14) [Oelsner and Horowitz 1997-98<ref>''Oelsner J., Horowitz W.'' The 30-Star-Catalogue HS 1897 and The Late Parallel BM 55502 // AfO. 1997-1998. Bd. 44-45. S. 176-185.</ref>, 177].
	#[[File:Aqr+vorlage 600dpi.jpg\|thumb\|Ea, (a) depicted on the Adda Seal (dating 2300 BCE) and (b) repainted for planetarium use by R. Perdok (LWL Planetarium Münster, 2016).]]A number of cases emphasize the affiliation between the luminaries~~' with~~ the stars of Ea, including		#[[File:Aqr+vorlage 600dpi.jpg\|thumb\|Ea, (a) depicted on the Adda Seal (dating 2300 BCE) and (b) repainted for planetarium use by R. Perdok (LWL Planetarium Münster, 2016).]]A number of cases emphasize the affiliation between the luminaries and the stars of Ea, including
	##(a) <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'', <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'', <sup>mul</sup>NUN<sup>ki</sup> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' in MUL.APIN I ii 19-20, and the Astrolabe tradition (Horowitz 2017: 98),		##(a) <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'', <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'', <sup>mul</sup>NUN<sup>ki</sup> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' in MUL.APIN I ii 19-20, and the Astrolabe tradition (Horowitz 2017: 98),
	##(b) <sup>múl</sup>BIR <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' in the Astrolabe tradition (Horowitz 2017: 111),		##(b) <sup>múl</sup>BIR <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' in the Astrolabe tradition (Horowitz 2017: 111),
	##(c) <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' the name of Jupiter in the month of ~~Adar~~ in K.5990 :13 [IIIR, 53:2].		##(c) <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' the name of Jupiter in the month of Adaru in K.5990 :13 [IIIR, 53:2].
	#"Ea star" as a designation for planets in astrological texts;		#"Ea star" as a designation for planets in astrological texts;
	## DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a a-dir'' GAN<sub>2</sub>.ZI NU SI.SA<sub>2</sub> ...: <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku6</sup> ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''tan-nat-ma''		## DIŠ MUL <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a a-dir'' GAN<sub>2</sub>.ZI NU SI.SA<sub>2</sub> ...: <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ''ina'' <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub><sup>ku6</sup> ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''tan-nat-ma''
	##*"If the star of Ea is dim, crops will not ~~grow~~... (it means): Mercury in ~~the~~ Capricorn is ~~low in luster~~" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1">''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 21:43-44], here "star of Ea" = Mercury in Capricorn;		##*"If the star of Ea is dim, crops will not prosper ... (it means): Mercury in Capricorn is dim" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1">''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 21:43-44], here "star of Ea" = Mercury in Capricorn;
	##DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>MIN(=<sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'') <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> KUR-''ma'' [...]: <sup>d</sup>''Dil-bat ina'' <sup>mul</sup> <sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.G[A<sub>2</sub> ...]		##DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>MIN(=<sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'') <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> KUR-''ma'' [...]: <sup>d</sup>''Dil-bat ina'' <sup>mul</sup> <sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.G[A<sub>2</sub> ...]
	##*"If the star of Ea reaches the Field [...] (it means): Venus is in the Hired Man [...]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1" />, 22:3-4] ("star of Ea" = Venus);		##*"If the star of Ea reaches the Field [...] (it means): Venus is in the Hired Man [...]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1" />, 22:3-4] ("star of Ea" = Venus);
	##[DIŠ mul <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>]-''a ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> GUB-''iz''		##[DIŠ mul <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>]-''a ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> GUB-''iz''
	##* "[If the star of E]a stands ~~in the middle of~~ the Field [...]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1" />, 23:24] (and also [ibid.<ref name=":1" />, 23:25]), (star Ea = Venus?);		##* "[If the star of E]a stands inside the Field [...]" [ACh Ištar<ref name=":1" />, 23:24] (and also [ibid.<ref name=":1" />, 23:25]), (star Ea = Venus?);

	For other examples see. [ACh Suppl.<ref name=":1" /> 2, 51:12-13, 68 r. 11-13].		For other examples see. [ACh Suppl.<ref name=":1" /> 2, 51:12-13, 68 r. 11-13].