ERIN2 - Revision history

HermannHunger: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[1] */

2026-06-29T10:47:33Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

Sushoff at 06:50, 6 June 2026

2026-06-06T06:50:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:50, 6 June 2026
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	**b) [K]I <sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub>... "Area of Libra ...", KI <sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''a-lid ki-nu la ki-num'' <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ra-gu-ug''<sup>?</sup> ''šu''<sub>2</sub> "Born in the area of Libra: (character) faithful or unfaithful, Šamaš will treat him evilly(?)" [LBAT<ref name=":2" />, 1593: 2′, rev. 6′; Reiner 2000<ref>''Reiner E.'' Early Zodiologia and Related Matters / Wisdom, Gods and Literature. Studies in Assyriology in Honour of W.G.Lambert / Ed. by A.R.George and I.L.Finkel. Winona Lake, Indiana, 2000. P. 421-427.</ref>].		**b) [K]I <sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub>... "Area of Libra ...", KI <sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''a-lid ki-nu la ki-num'' <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ra-gu-ug''<sup>?</sup> ''šu''<sub>2</sub> "Born in the area of Libra: (character) faithful or unfaithful, Šamaš will treat him evilly(?)" [LBAT<ref name=":2" />, 1593: 2′, rev. 6′; Reiner 2000<ref>''Reiner E.'' Early Zodiologia and Related Matters / Wisdom, Gods and Literature. Studies in Assyriology in Honour of W.G.Lambert / Ed. by A.R.George and I.L.Finkel. Winona Lake, Indiana, 2000. P. 421-427.</ref>].
	*(7) Predicting the prices of cereal on the basis of observations of the positions of the planets in relation to zodiacal constellations and other phenomena (<sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub>) [SpTU I, 94, passim]. See also [SpTU V<ref>''URUK. Špätbabylonische Texte aus dem Planquadrat U 18''. Teil V / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Mainz am Rhein, 1998.</ref>, 268].		*(7) Predicting the prices of cereal on the basis of observations of the positions of the planets in relation to zodiacal constellations and other phenomena (<sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub>) [SpTU I, 94, passim]. See also [SpTU V<ref>''URUK. Špätbabylonische Texte aus dem Planquadrat U 18''. Teil V / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Mainz am Rhein, 1998.</ref>, 268].
	\|		\|[[File:Lib seal Wallenfels1993.png\|thumb\|Libra on Mesopotamian seal print, Wallenfels (1993).]]
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	\|'''Late Babylonian catalog BM 46083.'''		\|'''Late Babylonian catalog BM 46083.'''

HermannHunger: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[1] */

2026-06-05T18:08:46Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

WayneHorowitz at 07:16, 5 June 2026

2026-06-05T07:16:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:16, 5 June 2026
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	* (Kurtik g22) GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> is merged here.		* (Kurtik g22) GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> is merged here.

	There are no examples of <sup>mul</sup>''gišrinnu'' as a star-name; nor clear evidence for reading RIN. A reading RIN was probably deduced from the word gišrinnu (attested syllabically as gi-iš-ri-in-nu), ~~even if~~ this is not attested ~~as a~~ star name.		There are no examples of <sup>mul</sup>''gišrinnu'' as a star-name; nor clear evidence for reading RIN<sub>2</sub>. A reading RIN<sub>2</sub> was probably deduced from the word gišrinnu (attested syllabically as gi-iš-ri-in-nu), although this writing is not attested for the star name.

	=== Sources and Identifications ===		=== Sources and Identifications ===

WayneHorowitz at 07:14, 5 June 2026

2026-06-05T07:14:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:14, 5 June 2026
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	*= <sup>mul</sup>''gišrinnu'' "Libra";		*= <sup>mul</sup>''gišrinnu'' "Libra";

	The constellation and zodiacal sign [[Libra]] in later astronomical, astrological and magical texts [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 176].		The constellation and zodiacal sign [[Libra]] in later astronomical, astrological and magical texts [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 176].

			ERIN<sub>2</sub> and RIN<sub>2</sub> are alternate readings for the same sign.

	'''See also'''		'''See also'''

HermannHunger: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[1] */

2026-05-24T18:22:33Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

Sushoff at 12:42, 19 May 2026

2026-05-19T12:42:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:42, 19 May 2026
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	[[File:Balance stellarium.jpg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|The Babylonian Balance (Libra) in Stellarium; painted by Jessica Gullberg (2021). ]]		[[File:Balance stellarium.jpg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|The Babylonian Balance (Libra) in Stellarium; painted by Jessica Gullberg (2021). ]]
	ERIN<sub>2</sub> (𒂟) is a first millennium Sumerian name for [[Libra]] whose usual name in Akkadian is ''Zibānītu'' (corresponding to Sumerian <sup>mul</sup>[[ZI.BA.AN.NA]]). The two bright stars of Libra may be for the cross bar connecting α and β Librae, which may have been seen to hold the other elements of the mechanism in place.		ERIN<sub>2</sub> (𒂟) is a first millennium Sumerian name for [[Libra]] whose usual name in Akkadian is ''Zibānītu'' (corresponding to Sumerian <sup>mul</sup>[[ZI.BA.AN.NA]]). The two bright stars of Libra may be for the cross bar connecting α and β Librae, which may have been seen to hold the other elements of the mechanism in place.

	~~I do not see any examples of <sup>mul</sup>''gišrinnu'' as a star-name?? nor clear evidence for reading RIN.~~

	~~A reading RIN was probably deduced from the word gišrinnu (attested syllabically as gi-iš-ri-in-nu), even if this is not attested as a star name.~~
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Var. reading:		'''Var. reading:'''

	*<sup>mul</sup>RIN<sub>2</sub>; short for <sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> '[[Libra]]';		*<sup>mul</sup>RIN<sub>2</sub>; short for <sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> '[[Libra]]';
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	The constellation and zodiacal sign [[Libra]] in later astronomical, astrological and magical texts [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 176].		The constellation and zodiacal sign [[Libra]] in later astronomical, astrological and magical texts [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 176].

	See also (Kurtik z10) ''Zibānītu'', (Kurtik z07) [[ZI.BA.AN.NA]].		'''See also'''

			* (Kurtik z10) ''Zibānītu'', (Kurtik z07) [[ZI.BA.AN.NA]].
			* (Kurtik g22) GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> is merged here.

			There is no examples of <sup>mul</sup>''gišrinnu'' as a star-name; nor clear evidence for reading RIN. A reading RIN was probably deduced from the word gišrinnu (attested syllabically as gi-iš-ri-in-nu), even if this is not attested as a star name.

	~~(Kurtik g22) GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> is merged here.~~		=== Sources and Identifications ===
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\|'''Mathematical Astronomy.'''		\|'''Mathematical Astronomy.'''
	*Sign of the zodiac ~~Librae~~ [ACT I-III<ref name=":1" />; LBAT<ref name=":2">''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, passim]; used in lunar tablets dating from the late 5th century ~~B.C.~~ [Aaboe and Sachs 1969<ref>''Aaboe A., Sachs A''. Two Lunar Texts of the Achaemenid Period from Babylon // Centaurus. 1969. Vol. 14. Р. 1-22.</ref>; Britton 1989<ref>''Britton J.P.'' An Early Function for Eclipse Magnitudes in Babylonian Astronomy / Centaurus. 1989. Vol. 32. P. 1-52.</ref>, 30-31; 2010<ref>Britton, J. P. (2010). Studies in Babylonian lunar theory: part III. The introduction of the uniform zodiac. ''Archive for History of Exact Sciences'', ''64''(6), 617–663. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41134332. </ref>].		*Sign of the zodiac Libra [ACT I-III<ref name=":1" />; LBAT<ref name=":2">''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, passim]; used in lunar tablets dating from the late 5th century BCE [Aaboe and Sachs 1969<ref>''Aaboe A., Sachs A''. Two Lunar Texts of the Achaemenid Period from Babylon // Centaurus. 1969. Vol. 14. Р. 1-22.</ref>; Britton 1989<ref>''Britton J.P.'' An Early Function for Eclipse Magnitudes in Babylonian Astronomy / Centaurus. 1989. Vol. 32. P. 1-52.</ref>, 30-31; 2010<ref>Britton, J. P. (2010). Studies in Babylonian lunar theory: part III. The introduction of the uniform zodiac. ''Archive for History of Exact Sciences'', ''64''(6), 617–663. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41134332. </ref>].
	\|Example		\|Example
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YoulaAzkarrula at 03:33, 19 May 2026

2026-05-19T03:33:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:33, 19 May 2026
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	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:Sumerian]]		[[Category:Sumerian]]
	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]
	[[Category:Lib]]		[[Category:Lib]]

Sushoff: /* Historical Dictionaries */

2026-03-26T16:48:58Z

Historical Dictionaries

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:48, 26 March 2026
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	\|'''GU-text: variant GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub>'''		\|'''GU-text: variant GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub>'''
	*(L) ''kal-lum'' <sup>mul</sup>giš.erin<sub>2</sub> igi-''u''<sub>2</sub> "Front cup of Libra", udu.idim.sag.uš ''ša''<sub>2</sub> igi <sup>mul</sup>giš.erin<sub>2</sub> gub "Saturn that stands ahead of Libra" [Pingree and Walker 1988<ref>''Pingree D., Walker C.'' A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.</ref>, BM 78161:19-20], see (Kurtik d11) [[DINGIR.KU.A\|DINGIR.KU.A<sup>meš</sup>]] as well as (Kurtik z10) ''[[Zibānītum]]''.		*(L) ''kal-lum'' <sup>mul</sup>giš.erin<sub>2</sub> igi-''u''<sub>2</sub> "Front cup of Libra", udu.idim.sag.uš ''ša''<sub>2</sub> igi <sup>mul</sup>giš.erin<sub>2</sub> gub "Saturn that stands ahead of Libra" [Pingree and Walker 1988<ref>''Pingree D., Walker C.'' A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.</ref>, BM 78161:19-20], see (Kurtik d11) [[DINGIR.KU.A\|DINGIR.KU.A<sup>meš</sup>]] as well as (Kurtik z10) ''Zibānītum''.
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Sushoff at 16:48, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T16:48:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:48, 26 March 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:Balance stellarium.jpg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|The Babylonian Balance (Libra) in Stellarium; painted by Jessica Gullberg (2021). ]]		[[File:Balance stellarium.jpg\|alt=star chart\|thumb\|The Babylonian Balance (Libra) in Stellarium; painted by Jessica Gullberg (2021). ]]
	ERIN<sub>2</sub> (𒂟) is a first millennium Sumerian name for [[Libra]] whose usual name in Akkadian is ''~~[[Zibānītum\|~~Zibānītu]]'' (corresponding to Sumerian <sup>mul</sup>[[ZI.BA.AN.NA]]). The two bright stars of Libra may be for the cross bar connecting α and β Librae, which may have been seen to hold the other elements of the mechanism in place.		ERIN<sub>2</sub> (𒂟) is a first millennium Sumerian name for [[Libra]] whose usual name in Akkadian is ''Zibānītu'' (corresponding to Sumerian <sup>mul</sup>[[ZI.BA.AN.NA]]). The two bright stars of Libra may be for the cross bar connecting α and β Librae, which may have been seen to hold the other elements of the mechanism in place.

	I do not see any examples of <sup>mul</sup>''gišrinnu'' as a star-name?? nor clear evidence for reading RIN.		I do not see any examples of <sup>mul</sup>''gišrinnu'' as a star-name?? nor clear evidence for reading RIN.
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	The constellation and zodiacal sign [[Libra]] in later astronomical, astrological and magical texts [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 176].		The constellation and zodiacal sign [[Libra]] in later astronomical, astrological and magical texts [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 176].

	See also (Kurtik z10) ~~[[Zibānītum\|~~''Zibānītu'']], (Kurtik z07) [[ZI.BA.AN.NA]].		See also (Kurtik z10) ''Zibānītu'', (Kurtik z07) [[ZI.BA.AN.NA]].

	(Kurtik g22) GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> is merged here.		(Kurtik g22) GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> is merged here.

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:47, 29 June 2026
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	* (Kurtik g22) GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> is merged here.		* (Kurtik g22) GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> is merged here.

	There are no examples of <sup>mul</sup>''gišrinnu'' as a star-name; nor clear evidence for reading RIN<sub>2</sub>. A reading RIN<sub>2</sub> was probably deduced from the word gišrinnu (attested syllabically as ''gi-iš-ri-in-nu''), although this writing is not attested for the star name.		There are no examples of <sup>mul</sup>''gišrinnu'' as a star-name; nor clear evidence for reading RIN<sub>2</sub>. A reading RIN<sub>2</sub> was probably deduced from the word ''gišrinnu'' (attested syllabically as ''gi-iš-ri-in-nu''), although this writing is not attested for the star name.

	=== Sources and Identifications ===		=== Sources and Identifications ===
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	*(1) Original designations of the constellation and then of the zodiacal sign Libra [Sachs and Hunger Diaries I-III<ref name=":1">''Sachs A., Hunger H''. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.</ref>, passim]; earliest example: ERIN<sub>2</sub> in the diary for -651 [Sachs and Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":1" />, 42:16], later without the determinative.		*(1) Original designations of the constellation and then of the zodiacal sign Libra [Sachs and Hunger Diaries I-III<ref name=":1">''Sachs A., Hunger H''. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.</ref>, passim]; earliest example: ERIN<sub>2</sub> in the diary for -651 [Sachs and Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":1" />, 42:16], later without the determinative.
	*(2) Included in the names of two "normal stars":		*(2) Included in the names of two "normal stars":
	**a) ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ULU<sub>3</sub> "Southern part of ~~the Librae~~" (α Librae),		**a) ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ULU<sub>3</sub> "Southern part of Libra" (α Librae),
	**b) ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> SI "Northern part of ~~the Librae~~" (β Librae) [Sachs and Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":1" />, 18].		**b) ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> SI "Northern part of Libra" (β Librae) [Sachs and Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":1" />, 18].
	\|Example		\|Example
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	\|'''GU-text: variant GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub>'''		\|'''GU-text: variant GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub>'''
	*(L) ''kal-lum'' <sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> IGI-''u''<sub>2</sub> "Front cup of Libra", UDU,IDIM.SAG UŠ ''ša''<sub>2</sub> IGI <sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> GUB "Saturn that stands ahead of Libra" [Pingree and Walker 1988<ref>''Pingree D., Walker C.'' A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.</ref>, BM 78161:19-20], see (Kurtik d11) [[DINGIR.KU.A\|DINGIR.KU.A<sup>meš</sup>]] as well as (Kurtik z10) ''Zibānītum''.		*(L) ''kal-lum'' <sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> IGI-''u''<sub>2</sub> "Front cup of Libra", UDU.IDIM.SAG UŠ ''ša''<sub>2</sub> IGI <sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> GUB "Saturn that stands ahead of Libra" [Pingree and Walker 1988<ref>''Pingree D., Walker C.'' A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.</ref>, BM 78161:19-20], see (Kurtik d11) [[DINGIR.KU.A\|DINGIR.KU.A<sup>meš</sup>]] as well as (Kurtik z10) ''Zibānītum''.
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	* (2) "Microzodiac. The subdivisions of the zodiacal sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts:		* (2) "Microzodiac. The subdivisions of the zodiacal sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts:
	**a) AO 6483: [7-''i'']-''tu''<sub>4</sub> ''zittu''(ḫa.la) <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "7th part, its name is Libra" [TU<ref>''Thureau-Dangin F''. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).</ref>, 14:17; Sachs 1952<ref>''Sachs A.'' Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.</ref>, 66],		**a) AO 6483: [7-''i'']-''tu''<sub>4</sub> ''zittu''(ḫa.la) <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "7th part, its name is Libra" [TU<ref>''Thureau-Dangin F''. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).</ref>, 14:17; Sachs 1952<ref>''Sachs A.'' Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.</ref>, 66],
	**b) Sp II 202+: 7-''tu''<sub>2</sub> ḪA.LA ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>LU <sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>LU "7th part of Aries — Libra of Aries" [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":4" />, 245~~:16-17~~],		**b) Sp II 202+: 7-''tu''<sub>2</sub> ḪA.LA ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>LU <sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>LU "7th part of Aries — Libra of Aries" [Steele Rising Time Schemes 50 BM 34713:16-17, for an earlier edition see Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":4" />, 245],
	**c) subdivisions of the zodiacal sign Leo into 12 parts: VAT 7847: the 3rd part is <sup>mul</sup>[gi]š.erin<sub>2</sub> [Weidner 1967<ref>''Weidner E. '' Gestirn-Darstellungen auf babylonischen Tontafeln. Wien, 1967 (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte, Bd. 254, Abh. 2).</ref>, 16-17, Taf. 6].		**c) subdivisions of the zodiacal sign Leo into 12 parts: VAT 7847: the 3rd part is <sup>mul</sup>[gi]š.erin<sub>2</sub> [Weidner 1967<ref>''Weidner E. '' Gestirn-Darstellungen auf babylonischen Tontafeln. Wien, 1967 (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte, Bd. 254, Abh. 2).</ref>, 16-17, Taf. 6].
	*(3) Libra as Saturn's hypsoma [Gössmann<ref name=":0" /> 176; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 146-147; Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 134-136; Rochberg-Halton 1988a<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' Elements of the Babylonian Contribution to Hellenistic Astrology // JAOS. 1988. Vol. 108. P. 51-62.</ref>, 56].		*(3) Libra as Saturn's hypsoma [Gössmann<ref name=":0" /> 176; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 146-147; Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 134-136; Rochberg-Halton 1988a<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' Elements of the Babylonian Contribution to Hellenistic Astrology // JAOS. 1988. Vol. 108. P. 51-62.</ref>, 56].
	*(4) Predictions from ~~star climaxes,~~ lunar eclipses and positions of the Sun relative to constellations.		*(4) Predictions from lunar eclipses and positions of the Sun relative to constellations.
	**''a-di-i'' <sup>d</sup>''Šamaš''(UTU) <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ikaššad''(KUR-''ád'') ''pi-še''[''r''<sub>3</sub>''-ša''<sub>2</sub> ''att'']''alû''(AN.GI<sub>6</sub>) ''ul u''<sub>2</sub>''-šar''-[''ra'']-''a'' "While the Sun reaches the Scales, [its interpretation: the ec]lipse will not begin." [SpTU III<ref name=":5" />, 102:16-17].		**''a-di-i'' <sup>d</sup>''Šamaš''(UTU) <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ikaššad''(KUR-''ád'') ''pi-še''[''r''<sub>3</sub>''-ša''<sub>2</sub> ''att'']''alû''(AN.GI<sub>6</sub>) ''ul u''<sub>2</sub>''-šar''-[''ra'']-''a'' "While the Sun reaches the Scales, [its interpretation: the ec]lipse will not begin." [SpTU III<ref name=":5" />, 102:16-17].
	*(5) Predicting the prices of grains: <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> [SpTU I<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 94, passim].		*(5) Predicting the prices of grains: <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> [SpTU I<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 94, passim].

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:08, 5 June 2026
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	* (Kurtik g22) GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> is merged here.		* (Kurtik g22) GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> is merged here.

	There are no examples of <sup>mul</sup>''gišrinnu'' as a star-name; nor clear evidence for reading RIN<sub>2</sub>. A reading RIN<sub>2</sub> was probably deduced from the word gišrinnu (attested syllabically as gi-iš-ri-in-nu), although this writing is not attested for the star name.		There are no examples of <sup>mul</sup>''gišrinnu'' as a star-name; nor clear evidence for reading RIN<sub>2</sub>. A reading RIN<sub>2</sub> was probably deduced from the word gišrinnu (attested syllabically as ''gi-iš-ri-in-nu''), although this writing is not attested for the star name.

	=== Sources and Identifications ===		=== Sources and Identifications ===
Line 41:		Line 41:
	*(1) Horoscopes. ERIN<sub>2</sub> is the designation of the 7th sign of the zodiac [BH, passim].		*(1) Horoscopes. ERIN<sub>2</sub> is the designation of the 7th sign of the zodiac [BH, passim].
	*(2) "Lunaria." BRM IV 19: ERIN<sub>2</sub> is the zodiacal sign of Libra in the zodiacal scheme known as "dodecatemoria" [Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":3">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 274-275:e, n, o, 9, 21, 32; Neugebauer and Sachs 1952-53<ref>''Neugebauer O., Sachs A.'' The "Dodekatemoria" in Babylonian Astrology // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. XVI. S. 65- 66.</ref>; Brack-Bernsen and Steele 2004, 95-125].		*(2) "Lunaria." BRM IV 19: ERIN<sub>2</sub> is the zodiacal sign of Libra in the zodiacal scheme known as "dodecatemoria" [Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":3">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 274-275:e, n, o, 9, 21, 32; Neugebauer and Sachs 1952-53<ref>''Neugebauer O., Sachs A.'' The "Dodekatemoria" in Babylonian Astrology // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. XVI. S. 65- 66.</ref>; Brack-Bernsen and Steele 2004, 95-125].
	* (3) "Microzodiac. The subdivision of the zodiacal sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts. Sp II 202+:16-17: 7-''tu''<sub>2</sub> ḫa.la ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu <sup>múl</sup>erin<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu "The 7th part of the Hired Man is ~~the~~ Libra of the Hired Man." [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":4">''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 245].		* (3) "Microzodiac. The subdivision of the zodiacal sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts. Sp II 202+:16-17: 7-''tu''<sub>2</sub> ḫa.la ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu <sup>múl</sup>erin<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu "The 7th part of the Hired Man is Libra of the Hired Man" [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":4">''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 245].
	*(4) Calendar and ritual texts. W 22704 (recipe for making healing ointments + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(=ŠU) 4 // ERIN<sub>2</sub> 21 // ''qi''<sub>2</sub>''-lip''<sub>2</sub> GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB ''tapaššaš''(ŠEŠ<sub>ˆ</sub>) "Du'uzu 4 // Scales 21 // you anoint (the patient) with peeled-off skin of a scorpion"(?) [SpTU III, 104:3, also 16, 29], for reading see [Wee 2016, 178 fn. 109]; for a parallel for the month Araḫsamnu see W 22619/9+ [SpTU III<ref name=":5">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 105:9, 22].		*(4) Calendar and ritual texts. W 22704 (recipe for making healing ointments + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(=ŠU) 4 // ERIN<sub>2</sub> 21 // ''qi''<sub>2</sub>''-lip''<sub>2</sub> GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB ''tapaššaš''(ŠEŠ<sub>ˆ</sub>) "Du'uzu 4 // Scales 21 // you anoint (the patient) with peeled-off skin of a scorpion"(?) [SpTU III, 104:3, also 16, 29], for reading see [Wee 2016, 178 fn. 109]; for a parallel for the month Araḫsamnu see W 22619/9+ [SpTU III<ref name=":5">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 105:9, 22].
	*(5) Hypsoma. Libra — the hypsoma of Saturn, see (Kurtik u09) [[UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ]]		*(5) Hypsoma. Libra — the hypsoma of Saturn, see (Kurtik u09) [[UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ]]
Line 56:		Line 56:
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''GU-text: variant GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub>'''		\|'''GU-text: variant GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub>'''
	*(L) ''kal-lum'' <sup>mul</sup>~~giš~~.~~erin~~<sub>2</sub> ~~igi~~-''u''<sub>2</sub> "Front cup of Libra", ~~udu.idim.sag~~.uš ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ~~igi~~ <sup>mul</sup>~~giš~~.~~erin~~<sub>2</sub> ~~gub~~ "Saturn that stands ahead of Libra" [Pingree and Walker 1988<ref>''Pingree D., Walker C.'' A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.</ref>, BM 78161:19-20], see (Kurtik d11) [[DINGIR.KU.A\|DINGIR.KU.A<sup>meš</sup>]] as well as (Kurtik z10) ''Zibānītum''.		*(L) ''kal-lum'' <sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> IGI-''u''<sub>2</sub> "Front cup of Libra", UDU,IDIM.SAG UŠ ''ša''<sub>2</sub> IGI <sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> GUB "Saturn that stands ahead of Libra" [Pingree and Walker 1988<ref>''Pingree D., Walker C.'' A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.</ref>, BM 78161:19-20], see (Kurtik d11) [[DINGIR.KU.A\|DINGIR.KU.A<sup>meš</sup>]] as well as (Kurtik z10) ''Zibānītum''.
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Late astrology, variant GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub>'''		\|'''Late astrology, variant GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub>'''
	*(1) The ~~Lunaries.~~ BRM IV, 20: ~~ki giš~~.~~erin~~<sub>2</sub> "Area of Libra". [Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":3" />, 259:29; Reiner 1995<ref>''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 108].		*(1) The "Lunaria"ː BRM IV, 20: KI GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> "Area of Libra". [Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":3" />, 259:29; Reiner 1995<ref>''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 108].
	* (2) "Microzodiac. The subdivisions of the zodiacal sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts:		* (2) "Microzodiac. The subdivisions of the zodiacal sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts:
	**a) AO 6483: [7-i]-''tu''<sub>4</sub> ''zittu''(ḫa.la) <sup>múl</sup>~~giš~~.~~erin~~<sub>2</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "7th part, its name is Libra" [TU<ref>''Thureau-Dangin F''. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).</ref>, 14:17; Sachs 1952<ref>''Sachs A.'' Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.</ref>, 66],		**a) AO 6483: [7-''i'']-''tu''<sub>4</sub> ''zittu''(ḫa.la) <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "7th part, its name is Libra" [TU<ref>''Thureau-Dangin F''. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).</ref>, 14:17; Sachs 1952<ref>''Sachs A.'' Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.</ref>, 66],
	**b) Sp II 202+: 7-''tu''<sub>2</sub> ḫa.la ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu <sup>múl</sup>~~erin~~<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu "7th part of Aries — Libra of Aries" [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":4" />, 245:16-17],		**b) Sp II 202+: 7-''tu''<sub>2</sub> ḪA.LA ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>LU <sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>LU "7th part of Aries — Libra of Aries" [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":4" />, 245:16-17],
	**c) subdivisions of the zodiacal sign Leo into 12 parts: VAT 7847: the 3rd part is <sup>mul</sup>[gi]š.erin<sub>2</sub> [Weidner 1967<ref>''Weidner E. '' Gestirn-Darstellungen auf babylonischen Tontafeln. Wien, 1967 (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte, Bd. 254, Abh. 2).</ref>, 16-17, Taf. 6].		**c) subdivisions of the zodiacal sign Leo into 12 parts: VAT 7847: the 3rd part is <sup>mul</sup>[gi]š.erin<sub>2</sub> [Weidner 1967<ref>''Weidner E. '' Gestirn-Darstellungen auf babylonischen Tontafeln. Wien, 1967 (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte, Bd. 254, Abh. 2).</ref>, 16-17, Taf. 6].
	*(3) Libra as Saturn's hypsoma [Gössmann<ref name=":0" /> 176; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 146-147; Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 134-136; Rochberg-Halton 1988a<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' Elements of the Babylonian Contribution to Hellenistic Astrology // JAOS. 1988. Vol. 108. P. 51-62.</ref>, 56].		*(3) Libra as Saturn's hypsoma [Gössmann<ref name=":0" /> 176; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 146-147; Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 134-136; Rochberg-Halton 1988a<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' Elements of the Babylonian Contribution to Hellenistic Astrology // JAOS. 1988. Vol. 108. P. 51-62.</ref>, 56].
	*(4) Predictions from star climaxes, lunar eclipses and positions of the Sun relative to constellations.		*(4) Predictions from star climaxes, lunar eclipses and positions of the Sun relative to constellations.
	**''a-di-i'' <sup>d</sup>''Šamaš''(UTU) <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ikaššad''(KUR)-''ád'' ''pi-še''[''r''<sub>3</sub>''-ša''<sub>2</sub> ''att'']''alû''(AN.GI<sub>6</sub>) ''ul u''<sub>2</sub>''-šar''-[''ra'']-''a'' "While the Sun reaches the Scales, [its interpretation: the ec]lipse will not begin." [SpTU III<ref name=":5" />, 102:16-17].		**''a-di-i'' <sup>d</sup>''Šamaš''(UTU) <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ikaššad''(KUR-''ád'') ''pi-še''[''r''<sub>3</sub>''-ša''<sub>2</sub> ''att'']''alû''(AN.GI<sub>6</sub>) ''ul u''<sub>2</sub>''-šar''-[''ra'']-''a'' "While the Sun reaches the Scales, [its interpretation: the ec]lipse will not begin." [SpTU III<ref name=":5" />, 102:16-17].
	*(5) Predicting the prices of grains: <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> [SpTU I<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 94, passim].		*(5) Predicting the prices of grains: <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> [SpTU I<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 94, passim].
	\|		\|

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:22, 24 May 2026
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	* (Kurtik g22) GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> is merged here.		* (Kurtik g22) GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> is merged here.

	There is no examples of <sup>mul</sup>''gišrinnu'' as a star-name; nor clear evidence for reading RIN. A reading RIN was probably deduced from the word gišrinnu (attested syllabically as gi-iš-ri-in-nu), even if this is not attested as a star name.		There are no examples of <sup>mul</sup>''gišrinnu'' as a star-name; nor clear evidence for reading RIN. A reading RIN was probably deduced from the word gišrinnu (attested syllabically as gi-iš-ri-in-nu), even if this is not attested as a star name.

	=== Sources and Identifications ===		=== Sources and Identifications ===
Line 27:		Line 27:
	\|'''"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."'''		\|'''"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."'''
	*(1) Original designations of the constellation and then of the zodiacal sign Libra [Sachs and Hunger Diaries I-III<ref name=":1">''Sachs A., Hunger H''. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.</ref>, passim]; earliest example: ERIN<sub>2</sub> in the diary for -651 [Sachs and Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":1" />, 42:16], later without the determinative.		*(1) Original designations of the constellation and then of the zodiacal sign Libra [Sachs and Hunger Diaries I-III<ref name=":1">''Sachs A., Hunger H''. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.</ref>, passim]; earliest example: ERIN<sub>2</sub> in the diary for -651 [Sachs and Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":1" />, 42:16], later without the determinative.
	*(2) Included in the names of ~~the~~ two "normal stars":		*(2) Included in the names of two "normal stars":
	**a) ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ULU<sub>3</sub> "Southern part of the Librae" (α Librae),		**a) ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ULU<sub>3</sub> "Southern part of the Librae" (α Librae),
	**b) ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> SI "Northern part of the Librae" (β Librae) [Sachs and Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":1" />, 18].		**b) ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> SI "Northern part of the Librae" (β Librae) [Sachs and Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":1" />, 18].
Line 33:		Line 33:
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Mathematical Astronomy.'''		\|'''Mathematical Astronomy.'''
	*Sign of the zodiac Libra [ACT I-III<ref name=":1" />; LBAT<ref name=":2">''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, passim]; used in lunar ~~tablets~~ dating from the late 5th century BCE [Aaboe and Sachs 1969<ref>''Aaboe A., Sachs A''. Two Lunar Texts of the Achaemenid Period from Babylon // Centaurus. 1969. Vol. 14. Р. 1-22.</ref>; Britton 1989<ref>''Britton J.P.'' An Early Function for Eclipse Magnitudes in Babylonian Astronomy / Centaurus. 1989. Vol. 32. P. 1-52.</ref>, 30-31; 2010<ref>Britton, J. P. (2010). Studies in Babylonian lunar theory: part III. The introduction of the uniform zodiac. ''Archive for History of Exact Sciences'', ''64''(6), 617–663. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41134332. </ref>].		*Sign of the zodiac Libra [ACT I-III<ref name=":1" />; LBAT<ref name=":2">''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, passim]; used in lunar tables dating from the late 5th century BCE [Aaboe and Sachs 1969<ref>''Aaboe A., Sachs A''. Two Lunar Texts of the Achaemenid Period from Babylon // Centaurus. 1969. Vol. 14. Р. 1-22.</ref>; Britton 1989<ref>''Britton J.P.'' An Early Function for Eclipse Magnitudes in Babylonian Astronomy / Centaurus. 1989. Vol. 32. P. 1-52.</ref>, 30-31; 2010<ref>Britton, J. P. (2010). Studies in Babylonian lunar theory: part III. The introduction of the uniform zodiac. ''Archive for History of Exact Sciences'', ''64''(6), 617–663. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41134332. </ref>].
	\|Example		\|Example
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Late astrology, magic and calendar.'''		\|'''Late astrology, magic and calendar.'''
	*(1) Horoscopes. ERIN<sub>2</sub> is the designation of the 7th sign of the zodiac [BH, passim].		*(1) Horoscopes. ERIN<sub>2</sub> is the designation of the 7th sign of the zodiac [BH, passim].
	*(2) "Lunaria." BRM IV 19: ERIN<sub>2</sub> is the zodiacal sign of Libra in the zodiacal scheme known as "dodecatemoria" [Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":3">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 274-275:e, n, o, 9, 21, 32; Neugebauer and Sachs 1952-53<ref>''Neugebauer O., Sachs A.'' The "Dodekatemoria" in Babylonian Astrology // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. XVI. S. 65- 66.</ref>].		*(2) "Lunaria." BRM IV 19: ERIN<sub>2</sub> is the zodiacal sign of Libra in the zodiacal scheme known as "dodecatemoria" [Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":3">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 274-275:e, n, o, 9, 21, 32; Neugebauer and Sachs 1952-53<ref>''Neugebauer O., Sachs A.'' The "Dodekatemoria" in Babylonian Astrology // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. XVI. S. 65- 66.</ref>; Brack-Bernsen and Steele 2004, 95-125].
	* (3) "Microzodiac. The subdivision of the zodiacal sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts. Sp II 202+:16-17: 7-''tu''<sub>2</sub> ḫa.la ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu <sup>múl</sup>erin<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu "The 7th part of the Hired Man is the Libra of the Hired Man." [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":4">''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 245].		* (3) "Microzodiac. The subdivision of the zodiacal sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts. Sp II 202+:16-17: 7-''tu''<sub>2</sub> ḫa.la ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu <sup>múl</sup>erin<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu "The 7th part of the Hired Man is the Libra of the Hired Man." [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":4">''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 245].
	*(4) Calendar and ritual texts. W 22704 (recipe for making healing ointments + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(=ŠU) 4 // ERIN<sub>2</sub> 21 // ''qi''<sub>2</sub>''-lip''<sub>2</sub> GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB ''tapaššaš''(ŠEŠ<sub>ˆ</sub>) "Du'uzu 4 // Scales 21 // you ~~smear~~ peeled-off skin of a scorpion"(?) [SpTU III, 104:3, also 16, 29], for reading see [Wee 2016, 178 fn. 109]; for a parallel for the month of Araḫsamnu see W 22619/9+ [SpTU III<ref name=":5">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 105:9, 22].		*(4) Calendar and ritual texts. W 22704 (recipe for making healing ointments + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(=ŠU) 4 // ERIN<sub>2</sub> 21 // ''qi''<sub>2</sub>''-lip''<sub>2</sub> GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB ''tapaššaš''(ŠEŠ<sub>ˆ</sub>) "Du'uzu 4 // Scales 21 // you anoint (the patient) with peeled-off skin of a scorpion"(?) [SpTU III, 104:3, also 16, 29], for reading see [Wee 2016, 178 fn. 109]; for a parallel for the month Araḫsamnu see W 22619/9+ [SpTU III<ref name=":5">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 105:9, 22].
	*(5) Hypsoma. Libra — the hypsoma of Saturn, see (Kurtik u09) [[UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ]]		*(5) Hypsoma. Libra — the hypsoma of Saturn, see (Kurtik u09) [[UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ]]
	*(6) Zodiacal astrology.		*(6) Zodiacal astrology.
	**a) See (Kurtik z06) [[ZI]].		**a) See (Kurtik z06) [[ZI]].
	**b) [K]I <sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub>... "Area of Libra ...", KI <sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''a-lid ki-nu la ki-num'' <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ra-gu-ug''<sup>?</sup> ''šu''<sub>2</sub> "Born in the area of Libra: (character) faithful or unfaithful, will ~~Šamaš~~ treat him evilly(?)" [LBAT<ref name=":2" />, 1593: 2′, rev. 6′; Reiner 2000<ref>''Reiner E.'' Early Zodiologia and Related Matters / Wisdom, Gods and Literature. Studies in Assyriology in Honour of W.G.Lambert / Ed. by A.R.George and I.L.Finkel. Winona Lake, Indiana, 2000. P. 421-427.</ref>].		**b) [K]I <sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub>... "Area of Libra ...", KI <sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''a-lid ki-nu la ki-num'' <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ra-gu-ug''<sup>?</sup> ''šu''<sub>2</sub> "Born in the area of Libra: (character) faithful or unfaithful, Šamaš will treat him evilly(?)" [LBAT<ref name=":2" />, 1593: 2′, rev. 6′; Reiner 2000<ref>''Reiner E.'' Early Zodiologia and Related Matters / Wisdom, Gods and Literature. Studies in Assyriology in Honour of W.G.Lambert / Ed. by A.R.George and I.L.Finkel. Winona Lake, Indiana, 2000. P. 421-427.</ref>].
	*(7) Predicting the prices of cereal on the basis of observations of the positions of the planets in relation to zodiacal constellations and other phenomena (<sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub>) [SpTU I, 94, passim]. See also [SpTU V<ref>''URUK. Špätbabylonische Texte aus dem Planquadrat U 18''. Teil V / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Mainz am Rhein, 1998.</ref>, 268].		*(7) Predicting the prices of cereal on the basis of observations of the positions of the planets in relation to zodiacal constellations and other phenomena (<sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub>) [SpTU I, 94, passim]. See also [SpTU V<ref>''URUK. Špätbabylonische Texte aus dem Planquadrat U 18''. Teil V / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Mainz am Rhein, 1998.</ref>, 268].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Late Babylonian catalog BM 46083.'''		\|'''Late Babylonian catalog BM 46083.'''
	*a) <sup>múl</sup>erin<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> tu<sub>15</sub>-1 20 erin<sub>2</sub> "Southern ~~Bowl~~ of Scales: 20 ~~Librae~~" (α Librae).		*a) <sup>múl</sup>erin<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> tu<sub>15</sub>-1 20 erin<sub>2</sub> "Southern Part of Scales: 20 Libra" (α Librae).
	*b) <sup>múl</sup>erin<sub>2</sub> š''a<sub>2</sub>'' tu<sub>15</sub>-2 25 erin<sub>2</sub> "Northern ~~Bowl~~ of Scales: 25 ~~Librae~~" (β Librae) [Sachs 1952a<ref>''Sachs A.'' A Late Babylonian Star Catalogue // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 146-150.</ref>, 146:3′; Hunger and Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 150]; for a modern edition see. [Roughton, Steele and Walker 2004<ref>''Roughton N.A., Steele J.M., Walker C.B.F.'' A Late Babylonian Normal and ''Ziqpu'' Star Text // AHES. 2004. Vol. 58. P. 537-572.</ref>, 563-564].		*b) <sup>múl</sup>erin<sub>2</sub> š''a<sub>2</sub>'' tu<sub>15</sub>-2 25 erin<sub>2</sub> "Northern Part of Scales: 25 Libra" (β Librae) [Sachs 1952a<ref>''Sachs A.'' A Late Babylonian Star Catalogue // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 146-150.</ref>, 146:3′; Hunger and Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 150]; for a modern edition see [Roughton, Steele and Walker 2004<ref>''Roughton N.A., Steele J.M., Walker C.B.F.'' A Late Babylonian Normal and ''Ziqpu'' Star Text // AHES. 2004. Vol. 58. P. 537-572.</ref>, 563-564].
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	\|'''Late astrology, variant GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub>'''		\|'''Late astrology, variant GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub>'''
	*(1) The Lunaries. BRM IV, 20: ki giš.erin<sub>2</sub> "Area of Libra". [Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":3" />, 259:29; Reiner 1995<ref>''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 108].		*(1) The Lunaries. BRM IV, 20: ki giš.erin<sub>2</sub> "Area of Libra". [Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":3" />, 259:29; Reiner 1995<ref>''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 108].
	* (2) "Microzodiac. The subdivisions of the ~~zodiac~~ sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts:		* (2) "Microzodiac. The subdivisions of the zodiacal sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts:
	**a) AO 6483: [7-i]-''tu''<sub>4</sub> ''zittu''(ḫa.la) <sup>múl</sup>giš.erin<sub>2</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "7th part, its name is Libra" [TU<ref>''Thureau-Dangin F''. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).</ref>, 14:17; Sachs 1952<ref>''Sachs A.'' Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.</ref>, 66],		**a) AO 6483: [7-i]-''tu''<sub>4</sub> ''zittu''(ḫa.la) <sup>múl</sup>giš.erin<sub>2</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "7th part, its name is Libra" [TU<ref>''Thureau-Dangin F''. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).</ref>, 14:17; Sachs 1952<ref>''Sachs A.'' Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.</ref>, 66],
	**b) Sp II 202+: 7-''tu''<sub>2</sub> ḫa.la ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu <sup>múl</sup>erin<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu "7th part of Aries — Libra of Aries" [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":4" />, 245:16-17],		**b) Sp II 202+: 7-''tu''<sub>2</sub> ḫa.la ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu <sup>múl</sup>erin<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu "7th part of Aries — Libra of Aries" [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":4" />, 245:16-17],
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	*(3) Libra as Saturn's hypsoma [Gössmann<ref name=":0" /> 176; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 146-147; Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 134-136; Rochberg-Halton 1988a<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' Elements of the Babylonian Contribution to Hellenistic Astrology // JAOS. 1988. Vol. 108. P. 51-62.</ref>, 56].		*(3) Libra as Saturn's hypsoma [Gössmann<ref name=":0" /> 176; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 146-147; Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 134-136; Rochberg-Halton 1988a<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' Elements of the Babylonian Contribution to Hellenistic Astrology // JAOS. 1988. Vol. 108. P. 51-62.</ref>, 56].
	*(4) Predictions from star climaxes, lunar eclipses and positions of the Sun relative to constellations.		*(4) Predictions from star climaxes, lunar eclipses and positions of the Sun relative to constellations.
	**''a-di-i'' <sup>d</sup>''Šamaš''(UTU) <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ikaššad''(KUR)''ád'' ''pi-še''[''r''<sub>3</sub>''-ša''<sub>2</sub> ''att'']''alû''(AN.GI<sub>6</sub>) ''ul u''<sub>2</sub>''-šar''-[''ra'']-''a'' "While the Sun reaches the Scales, [its interpretation: the ec]lipse will not begin." [SpTU III<ref name=":5" />, 102:16-17].		**''a-di-i'' <sup>d</sup>''Šamaš''(UTU) <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ikaššad''(KUR)-''ád'' ''pi-še''[''r''<sub>3</sub>''-ša''<sub>2</sub> ''att'']''alû''(AN.GI<sub>6</sub>) ''ul u''<sub>2</sub>''-šar''-[''ra'']-''a'' "While the Sun reaches the Scales, [its interpretation: the ec]lipse will not begin." [SpTU III<ref name=":5" />, 102:16-17].
	*(5) Predicting the prices of grains: <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> [SpTU I<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 94, passim].		*(5) Predicting the prices of grains: <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> [SpTU I<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 94, passim].
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