Erragal - Revision history

Sushoff at 11:33, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T11:33:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:33, 5 July 2026
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	\| numbermessierobjects =		\| numbermessierobjects =
	\| meteorshowers =		\| meteorshowers =
	\| bordering =		\| bordering = Lyr
	\| notes =		\| notes =
			\| cat = Two Star-Asterism
	}}		}}
	<sup>d</sup>''Erragal'' (𒀭𒀴𒊏𒃲) and <sup>d</sup>[[NIN.SAR]] ('The Lady of Greenery') form a two-star asterism in the vicinity of [[UZ3\|UZ<sub>3</sub>]] 'The Goat' ([[Lyra]]) in the series MUL.APIN. They are listed as one of the seven celestial twins in The Great Star List - there with the star determinative MUL rather than the divine determinative DINGIR: MUL.NIN.SAR MUL.''èr-ra-''GAL.		<sup>d</sup>''Erragal'' (𒀭𒀴𒊏𒃲) and <sup>d</sup>[[NIN.SAR]] ('The Lady of Greenery') form a two-star asterism in the vicinity of [[UZ3\|UZ<sub>3</sub>]] 'The Goat' ([[Lyra]]) in the series MUL.APIN. They are listed as one of the seven celestial twins in The Great Star List - there with the star determinative MUL rather than the divine determinative DINGIR: MUL.NIN.SAR MUL.''èr-ra-''GAL.

Sushoff at 09:43, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T09:43:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:43, 5 July 2026
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	\| numberbrightstars = 0		\| numberbrightstars = 0
	\| numbernearbystars =		\| numbernearbystars =
	\| brighteststarname = θ Lyrae		\| brighteststarname = [[Ninnisig]] θ Lyrae
	\| starmagnitude = 4.38		\| starmagnitude = 4.38
	\| neareststarname =		\| neareststarname =

Sushoff at 09:42, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T09:42:56Z

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ----
 [[File:NIN-SAR+Erragal stellarium.jpg|thumb|NIN.SAR and Erragal mapped in Stellarium (CC BY SMH).]]
 <sup>d</sup>''Erragal'' (𒀭𒀴𒊏𒃲) and <sup>d</sup>[[NIN.SAR]] ('The Lady of Greenery') form a two-star asterism in the vicinity of [[UZ3|UZ<sub>3</sub>]] 'The Goat' ([[Lyra]]) in the series MUL.APIN. They are listed as one of the seven celestial twins in The Great Star List - there with the star determinative MUL rather than the divine determinative DINGIR: MUL.NIN.SAR MUL.''èr-ra-''GAL.

Sushoff at 05:48, 2 July 2026

2026-07-02T05:48:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:48, 2 July 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:NIN-SAR+Erragal stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|NIN.SAR and Erragal mapped in Stellarium (CC BY SMH).]]		[[File:NIN-SAR+Erragal stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|NIN.SAR and Erragal mapped in Stellarium (CC BY SMH).]]
	<sup>d</sup>''Erragal'' (𒀭𒀴𒊏𒃲) and <sup>d</sup>[[NIN.SAR]] (~~probably to be read <sup>d</sup>nin.nisig,~~ 'The Lady of Greenery') form a two-star asterism in the ~~vicitinty~~ of 'The Goat' (Lyra) in the series MUL.APIN. They are listed as one of the seven celestial twins in The Great Star List - there with the star determinative MUL rather than the divine determinative DINGIR: MUL.NIN.SAR MUL.''èr-ra-''GAL.		<sup>d</sup>''Erragal'' (𒀭𒀴𒊏𒃲) and <sup>d</sup>[[NIN.SAR]] ('The Lady of Greenery') form a two-star asterism in the vicinity of [[UZ3\|UZ<sub>3</sub>]] 'The Goat' ([[Lyra]]) in the series MUL.APIN. They are listed as one of the seven celestial twins in The Great Star List - there with the star determinative MUL rather than the divine determinative DINGIR: MUL.NIN.SAR MUL.''èr-ra-''GAL.

	is a star and deity identified with one star of ~~the~~ two star asterism, the second star being		So, <sup>d</sup>''Erragal'' is a star and deity identified with one star of a two star-asterism, the second star being NIN-nisig.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
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	* ''Irragal''; = "Great Erra"; deity of plague and death, one of the names of Nergal.		* ''Irragal''; = "Great Erra"; deity of plague and death, one of the names of Nergal.

	In astronomical texts it is paired with <sup>d</sup>Nin.SAR and identified with a star in the constellation Lyra ~~(ζ Lyrae)~~ [Gössmann <ref>Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 125; Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 60; Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 329, 402].		In astronomical texts it is paired with <sup>d</sup>Nin.SAR / NIN-nisig and identified with a star in the constellation Lyra [Gössmann <ref>Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 125; Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 60; Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 329, 402].

			The term formerly read NIN.SAR, now probably to be read <sup>d</sup>nin.nisig.

	==== Sources and Identification(s) ====		==== Sources and Identification(s) ====

WayneHorowitz at 09:04, 28 June 2026

2026-06-28T09:04:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:04, 28 June 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:NIN-SAR+Erragal stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|NIN.SAR and Erragal mapped in Stellarium (CC BY SMH).]]		[[File:NIN-SAR+Erragal stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|NIN.SAR and Erragal mapped in Stellarium (CC BY SMH).]]
	<sup>d</sup>''Erragal'' (𒀭𒀴𒊏𒃲) and <sup>d</sup>~~nin~~.SAR (probably to be read <sup>d</sup>nin.nisig, 'The Lady of Greenery') form a two-star asterism in the vicitinty of 'The Goat' (Lyra) in the series MUL.APIN. They are listed as one of the seven celestial twins in The Great Star List.		<sup>d</sup>''Erragal'' (𒀭𒀴𒊏𒃲) and <sup>d</sup>[[NIN.SAR]] (probably to be read <sup>d</sup>nin.nisig, 'The Lady of Greenery') form a two-star asterism in the vicitinty of 'The Goat' (Lyra) in the series MUL.APIN. They are listed as one of the seven celestial twins in The Great Star List - there with the star determinative MUL rather than the divine determinative DINGIR: MUL.NIN.SAR MUL.''èr-ra-''GAL.

	is a star and deity identified with one star of the two star asterism, the second star being		is a star and deity identified with one star of the two star asterism, the second star being

	[[NIN.SAR]] (see Kurtik n40) and ''Erragal''. Together, they form an asterism in Lyra or its vicinity. ''Erragal'' is normally determined as a deity, but note the writings with the MUL (star) determinative in the Great Star List (GSL 232': D ii’ 12’ MUL.NIN.SAR MUL.''èr-ra-''GAL).

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

WayneHorowitz at 09:02, 28 June 2026

2026-06-28T09:02:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:02, 28 June 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:NIN-SAR+Erragal stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|NIN.SAR and Erragal mapped in Stellarium (CC BY SMH).]]		[[File:NIN-SAR+Erragal stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|NIN.SAR and Erragal mapped in Stellarium (CC BY SMH).]]
	<sup>d</sup>''Erragal'' (𒀭𒀴𒊏𒃲) is a star and deity identified with one star of a two-star asterism ~~called 'Twins'~~, [[NIN.SAR]] (see Kurtik n40) and ''Erragal''. Together, they form an asterism in Lyra or its vicinity. ''Erragal'' is normally determined as a deity, but note the writings with the MUL (star) determinative in the Great Star List (GSL 232': D ii’ 12’ MUL.NIN.SAR MUL.''èr-ra-''GAL).		<sup>d</sup>''Erragal'' (𒀭𒀴𒊏𒃲) and <sup>d</sup>nin.SAR (probably to be read <sup>d</sup>nin.nisig, 'The Lady of Greenery') form a two-star asterism in the vicitinty of 'The Goat' (Lyra) in the series MUL.APIN. They are listed as one of the seven celestial twins in The Great Star List.

			is a star and deity identified with one star of the two star asterism, the second star being

			[[NIN.SAR]] (see Kurtik n40) and ''Erragal''. Together, they form an asterism in Lyra or its vicinity. ''Erragal'' is normally determined as a deity, but note the writings with the MUL (star) determinative in the Great Star List (GSL 232': D ii’ 12’ MUL.NIN.SAR MUL.''èr-ra-''GAL).

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	'''Var. readings:'''		'''Var. readings:'''

Sushoff: /* Additional */

2026-06-16T15:03:35Z

Additional

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:03, 16 June 2026
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	===Additional===		===Additional===

	==== ~~II.~~ Deity. ====		==== Deity. ====
	The list of gods AN:<sup>d</sup>''Anum'' (I 332) identifies Erragal as the husband of <sup>d</sup>Nin.SAR and is identified with Nergal [Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 60 + note 332, 200:10-11 + note 10]. In contrast, in the list VR 46, 1:18, <sup>d</sup>Nin.SAR is (erroneously?) associated with Nergal and Erragal with the unknown deity <sup>d</sup>''Aḫ-bi-tum''. In the Great Star List and Miscellanea, the names of the two gods are included in the list of celestial twins (see above).		The list of gods AN: <sup>d</sup>''Anum'' (I 332) identifies Erragal as the husband of <sup>d</sup>Nin.SAR and is identified with Nergal [Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 60 + note 332, 200:10-11 + note 10]. In contrast, in the list VR 46, 1:18, <sup>d</sup>Nin.SAR is (erroneously?) associated with Nergal and Erragal with the unknown deity <sup>d</sup>''Aḫ-bi-tum''. In the Great Star List and Miscellanea, the names of the two gods are included in the list of celestial twins (see above).

	==== ~~III.~~ Identification. ====		==== Previous Identification. ====
	<sup>mul</sup>nin.sar and <sup>mul</sup>ir<sub>3</sub>.ra.gal = η + θ ~~Lirae~~ (?) [Weidner 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref>, 80b].		<sup>mul</sup>nin.sar and <sup>mul</sup>ir<sub>3</sub>.ra.gal = η + θ Lyrae (?) [Weidner 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref>, 80b].

	<sup>d</sup>''Nin''-SAR ''u'' <sup>d</sup>Erragal = ε and ζ Lyrae [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 138; ASM, 272, 274].		<sup>d</sup>''Nin''-SAR ''u'' <sup>d</sup>Erragal = ε and ζ Lyrae [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 138; ASM, 272, 274].

Sushoff at 14:59, 16 June 2026

2026-06-16T14:59:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:59, 16 June 2026
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	<sup>d</sup>''Erragal'' (𒀭𒀴𒊏𒃲) is a star and deity identified with one star of a two-star asterism called 'Twins', [[NIN.SAR]] (see Kurtik n40) and ''Erragal''. Together, they form an asterism in Lyra or its vicinity. ''Erragal'' is normally determined as a deity, but note the writings with the MUL (star) determinative in the Great Star List (GSL 232': D ii’ 12’ MUL.NIN.SAR MUL.''èr-ra-''GAL).		<sup>d</sup>''Erragal'' (𒀭𒀴𒊏𒃲) is a star and deity identified with one star of a two-star asterism called 'Twins', [[NIN.SAR]] (see Kurtik n40) and ''Erragal''. Together, they form an asterism in Lyra or its vicinity. ''Erragal'' is normally determined as a deity, but note the writings with the MUL (star) determinative in the Great Star List (GSL 232': D ii’ 12’ MUL.NIN.SAR MUL.''èr-ra-''GAL).
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Var. readings:		'''Var. readings:'''

	* ''Irragal''; = "Great Erra"; deity of plague and death, one of the names of Nergal.		* ''Irragal''; = "Great Erra"; deity of plague and death, one of the names of Nergal.
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	* List of the stars of Enlil:		* List of the stars of Enlil:
	** 2 MUL<sup>meš</sup> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> EGIR-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB<sup>meš</sup>-''zu'' <sup>d</sup>''Nin''-SAR ''u'' <sup>d</sup>Er<sub>3-</sub>ra-gal		** 2 MUL<sup>meš</sup> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> EGIR-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB<sup>meš</sup>-''zu'' <sup>d</sup>''Nin''-SAR ''u'' <sup>d</sup>Er<sub>3-</sub>ra-gal
	** "Two stars that stand behind him (i.e. behind <sup>d</sup>~~LAMMA = Vega~~): ~~NinSAR~~ and Erragal" (I i 27) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 26].		** "Two stars that stand behind him (i.e. behind <sup>mul</sup>UZ<sub>3</sub>): Nin-nisig and Erragal" (I i 27) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 26].
	\|[[File:NIN-SAR+Erragal stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|NIN.SAR and Erragal mapped in Stellarium, sky culture "MUL.APIN".]]		\|[[File:NIN-SAR+Erragal stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|NIN.SAR and Erragal mapped in Stellarium, sky culture "MUL.APIN".]]
	\|-		\|-

HermannHunger: /* Sources and Identification(s) */

2026-06-05T18:18:30Z

Sources and Identification(s)

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:18, 5 June 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|'''MUL.APIN.'''		\|'''MUL.APIN.'''
	* List of the stars of Enlil ~~(no. 26)~~:		* List of the stars of Enlil:
	** 2 MUL<sup>meš</sup> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> EGIR-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB<sup>meš</sup>-''zu'' <sup>d</sup>''Nin''-SAR ''u'' <sup>d</sup>Er<sub>3-</sub>ra-gal		** 2 MUL<sup>meš</sup> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> EGIR-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB<sup>meš</sup>-''zu'' <sup>d</sup>''Nin''-SAR ''u'' <sup>d</sup>Er<sub>3-</sub>ra-gal
	** "Two stars that stand behind him (i.e. behind <sup>d</sup>LAMMA = Vega): NinSAR and Erragal" (I i 27) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 26].		** "Two stars that stand behind him (i.e. behind <sup>d</sup>LAMMA = Vega): NinSAR and Erragal" (I i 27) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 26].
	\|[[File:NIN-SAR+Erragal stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|NIN.SAR and Erragal mapped in Stellarium, sky culture "MUL.APIN".]]		\|[[File:NIN-SAR+Erragal stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|NIN.SAR and Erragal mapped in Stellarium, sky culture "MUL.APIN".]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''"The Great Star List and ~~Miscellenea~~.'''		\|'''"The Great Star List and Miscellanea.'''
	* 7 pairs of celestial Twins:		* 7 pairs of celestial Twins:
	* <sup>mul</sup>ir<sub>3</sub>.ra.gal paired with <sup>mul</sup>nin.mu<sub>2</sub> [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:233]; for a parallel see. [KAR<ref>''Ebeling E.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts. Bd. I-II. Leipzig 1919, 1920.</ref>, 142 i 33].		* <sup>mul</sup>ir<sub>3</sub>.ra.gal paired with <sup>mul</sup>nin.mu<sub>2</sub> [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:233]; for a parallel see [KAR<ref>''Ebeling E.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts. Bd. I-II. Leipzig 1919, 1920.</ref>, 142 i 33].
	\|Example		\|Example
	\|-		\|-
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	==== II. Deity. ====		==== II. Deity. ====
	The list of gods AN:<sup>d</sup>''Anum'' (I 332) identifies Erragal as the husband of <sup>d</sup>Nin.SAR and is identified with Nergal [Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 60 + note 332, 200:10-11 + note 10]. In contrast, in the list VR 46, 1:18, <sup>d</sup>Nin.SAR is (erroneously?) associated with Nergal and Erragal with the unknown deity <sup>d</sup>''Aḫ-bi-tum''. In the Great Star List and ~~Miscellenea~~, the names of the two gods are included in the list of celestial twins (see above).		The list of gods AN:<sup>d</sup>''Anum'' (I 332) identifies Erragal as the husband of <sup>d</sup>Nin.SAR and is identified with Nergal [Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 60 + note 332, 200:10-11 + note 10]. In contrast, in the list VR 46, 1:18, <sup>d</sup>Nin.SAR is (erroneously?) associated with Nergal and Erragal with the unknown deity <sup>d</sup>''Aḫ-bi-tum''. In the Great Star List and Miscellanea, the names of the two gods are included in the list of celestial twins (see above).

	==== III. Identification. ====		==== III. Identification. ====

YoulaAzkarrula at 04:08, 19 May 2026

2026-05-19T04:08:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:08, 19 May 2026
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	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:Akkadian]]		[[Category:Akkadian]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Star Name]] [[Category:Lyr]]