GIŠ.BAR - Revision history

Sushoff: Removed redirect to Girra

2026-06-10T16:17:40Z

Removed redirect to Girra

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:17, 10 June 2026
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			{{DISPLAYTITLE:GIŠ.BAR}}
	#REDIRECT [[Girra]]		#REDIRECT [[Girra]]

Sushoff: Redirected page to Girra

2026-06-10T16:14:41Z

Redirected page to Girra

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:14, 10 June 2026
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	~~Authors: Gennady Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim~~		#REDIRECT [[Girra]]
	~~----~~
	~~<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term, see also (Kurtik n55)~~ [[~~Nusku]].~~

	~~==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==~~
	~~Var.~~

	* <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI,
	* <sup>d</sup>NE.GI,
	* <sup>d</sup>GIBIL<sub>6</sub>;
	* = <sup>d</sup>Girru; the star of the fire god Girra:

	~~Referring to~~
	* 1) = Mars,
	* 2) = Mercury,
	* 3) = star or constellation (?) [G. 95; Tallqvist 1938, 313-315].

	~~===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===~~
	~~{\| class="wikitable"~~
	\|-
	~~!Sources!!Identifications~~
	\|-
	~~\|'''Prayers to the Gods of the Night.'''~~
	~~In the list of astral gods:~~

	* ''na-wa-ru-um'' <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI "Brilliant Hirra" (Erm. 15642:15) [Horowitz 2000, 196-197] (better ''na-aw-ru-um'' - remark of L. E. Kogan),
	* ''nam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>BIL:GI "Brilliant Hirra" (AO 6769:16) [Dossin 1935, 181-182], ''šam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>BIL:[GI] "Ferocious Hir[ra]" (CBS 574) [Horowitz 1996, 58].
	~~\|...~~
	\|-
	~~\|'''List of stars VR 46 1:14.'''~~
	* <sup>mul</sup>giš.bar zalag<sub>2</sub> igi <sup>d</sup>''En-me-šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ra'' <sup>d</sup>Nusku(PA + TUG<sub>2</sub>)
	* "Girra~~, the light ahead of Enmesharra, Nusku" [HBA 51; Wee 2016, 162-3].~~
	\|
	\|-
	~~\|'''Text W. 22281a.'''~~
	* <sup>d</sup>BIL:GI ZALAG ša<sub>2</sub> IGI <sup>d</sup>''En-me-šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ra''
	* "Brilliant Girra that is ahead of Enmesharra," see (Kurtik h12) [[ḪUN.GA2\|<sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.GA<sub>2</sub>]].

	~~See also: <sup>mul</sup>''ma-ak-ru-u'' = ''tam-šil'' <sup>d</sup>GIŠ.BAR "The red star(=Mars) is in the likeness of Hirra", quoted from [CAD M/1, 139a].~~
	\|
	\|}
	~~===Additional===~~

	~~==== Deity. ====~~
	Hybil or Hyrra — an ancient fire deity, his name is already mentioned in the lists of the gods from Farah (XXVI c. BC) [Krebernik 1986, 177, IX 21; 189 SF 5-6:3]. He was considered the son of Anu and the goddess Shala, a messenger of Nusku that embodied fire in all its manifestations, both destructive and creative. Among his epithets are <sup>d</sup>Giš.bar.an.na "heavenly fire" [Litke 1998, 107, II 336], namru "shining, shining", zalag<sub>2</sub> "light" (see above) and others, indicating his connection with the sky and probably having astral significance [Tallqvist 1938, 314]. Hirra and Nusku are characterized as tap-pi-e Šamši(20) "satellites of the sun" in [CT 25, 50:16]. Hildegard and Julius Lewy argue for identifying these gods with Mercury as the evening and morning star respectively [Lewy 1948].

	~~==== Previous Identifications. ====~~
	~~As a planet:~~

	~~= Mars as the Red Star, see (Kurtik m03) [[Makrû\|<sup>d</sup>''Makrû'']].~~

	~~= Mercury as the evening star, cf. [Lewy 1948].~~

	~~As a star:~~

	= "light before Enmesharra," see VR 46 1:14 star list and text W. 22281a. Here, it may refer here to a fixed star or constellation, since its relative position to the Enmesharra constellation is indicated. But it is also possible that it meant to mention only one of the above planets.

	~~==Historical Dictionaries==~~
	~~{\| class="wikitable"~~
	\|-
	~~! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" \|Kurtik (2022, g21)~~
	~~! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" \|Gössmann (1950)~~
	\|-
	\|вар.: <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI, <sup>d</sup>NE.GI, <sup>d</sup>GIBIL<sub>6</sub>; = <sup>d</sup>Girru; звезда бога огня Гирры: 1) = Марс, 2) = Меркурий, 3) = звезда или созвездие (?) [G. 95; Tallqvist 1938, 313–315].
	~~I. Источники.~~

	Молитва ночным богам. В списке астральных богов: na-wa-ru-um <sup>d</sup>BIL:GI «Блестящий Гирра» (Erm. 15642:15) [Horowitz 2000, 196–197] (лучше na-aw-ru-um — замечание Л.Е.Когана), nam-ru <sup>d</sup>BIL:GI «Блестящий Гирра» (AO 6769:16) [Dossin 1935, 181–182], šam-ru <sup>d</sup>BIL:[GI] «Свирепый Гир[ра]» (CBS 574) [Horowitz 1996, 58]. Список звезд VR 46 1:14. <sup>mul</sup>giš.bar zalag<sub>2</sub> igi <sup>d</sup>En-me-šar<sub>2</sub>-ra <sup>d</sup>Nusku(PA + TUG<sub>2</sub>) «Гирра, свет, что впереди Энмешарры, Нуску» [HBA 51; Wee 2016, 162–3]. Текст W. 22281a. <sup>d</sup>BIL:GI ZALAG ša<sub>2</sub> IGI <sup>d</sup>En-me-šar<sub>2</sub>-ra «Блестящий Гирра, что впереди Энмешарры», см. h12<sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.GA<sub>2</sub>. См. также: <sup>mul</sup>ma-ak-ru-u = tam-šil <sup>d</sup>GIŠ.BAR «Красная звезда(=Марс) — подобие Гирры», цит. по [CAD M/1, 139a].

	~~II. Божество.~~

	Гибил, или Гирра – древнее божество огня, его имя встречается уже в списках богов из Фары (XXVI в. до н.э.) [Krebernik 1986, 177, IX 21; 189 SF 5–6:3]. Считался сыном Ану и богини Шалы, посланником Нуску и олицетворял огонь во всех его проявлениях, как разрушительных, так и созидательных. Среди его эпитетов: <sup>d</sup>Giš.bar.an.na «Небесный огонь» [Litke 1998, 107, II 336], namru «блестящий, сияющий», zalag<sub>2</sub> «свет» (см. выше) и др., указывающие на его связь с небом и, возможно, астральное значение [Tallqvist 1938, 314]. Гирра и Нуску характеризуются как tap-pi-e Šamši(20) «спутники Солнца» в [CT 25, 50:16]. Хильдегард и Юлиус Леви приводят аргументы в пользу отождествления этих богов с Меркурием соответственно как с вечерней и утренней звездой [Lewy 1948].

	~~III. Отождествления.~~

	~~Как планета:~~

	~~= Марс как Красная звезда, см. m03<sup>d</sup>Makrû.~~

	~~= Меркурий как вечерняя звезда, см. [Lewy 1948].~~

	~~Как звезда:~~

	= «свет перед Энмешаррой», см. список звезд VR 46 1:14 и текст W. 22281a. Речь в данном случае может идти о неподвижной звезде или созвездии, поскольку указано его положение относительно созвездия Энмешарра, однако, возможно, что и здесь имеется в виду лишь одна из указанных выше планет.
	~~\|Example~~
	\|}
	~~==References==~~
	*[[References (Babylonian)\|Kurtik's references]]

	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]

YoulaAzkarrula at 05:50, 20 May 2026

2026-05-20T05:50:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:50, 20 May 2026
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	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:Sumerian]]		[[Category:Sumerian]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]] [[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:Solar System]]		[[Category:Solar System]]
	[[Category:Planet]]		[[Category:Planet]]

Sushoff at 14:53, 22 January 2026

2026-01-22T14:53:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:53, 22 January 2026
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	Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}		Authors: Gennady Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
	----		----
	<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term, see also (Kurtik n55) [[Nusku]].		<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term, see also (Kurtik n55) [[Nusku]].

Sushoff at 07:24, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T07:24:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:24, 17 January 2026
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			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
			----
	<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term, see also (Kurtik n55) [[Nusku]].		<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term, see also (Kurtik n55) [[Nusku]].

Sushoff at 15:28, 18 December 2025

2025-12-18T15:28:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:28, 18 December 2025
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	===Additional===		===Additional===

	==== ~~II.~~ Deity. ====		==== Deity. ====
	Hybil or Hyrra — an ancient fire deity, his name is already mentioned in the lists of the gods from Farah (XXVI c. BC) [Krebernik 1986, 177, IX 21; 189 SF 5-6:3]. He was considered the son of Anu and the goddess Shala, a messenger of Nusku that embodied fire in all its manifestations, both destructive and creative. Among his epithets are <sup>d</sup>Giš.bar.an.na "heavenly fire" [Litke 1998, 107, II 336], namru "shining, shining", zalag<sub>2</sub> "light" (see above) and others, indicating his connection with the sky and probably having astral significance [Tallqvist 1938, 314]. Hirra and Nusku are characterized as tap-pi-e Šamši(20) "satellites of the sun" in [CT 25, 50:16]. Hildegard and Julius Lewy argue for identifying these gods with Mercury as the evening and morning star respectively [Lewy 1948].		Hybil or Hyrra — an ancient fire deity, his name is already mentioned in the lists of the gods from Farah (XXVI c. BC) [Krebernik 1986, 177, IX 21; 189 SF 5-6:3]. He was considered the son of Anu and the goddess Shala, a messenger of Nusku that embodied fire in all its manifestations, both destructive and creative. Among his epithets are <sup>d</sup>Giš.bar.an.na "heavenly fire" [Litke 1998, 107, II 336], namru "shining, shining", zalag<sub>2</sub> "light" (see above) and others, indicating his connection with the sky and probably having astral significance [Tallqvist 1938, 314]. Hirra and Nusku are characterized as tap-pi-e Šamši(20) "satellites of the sun" in [CT 25, 50:16]. Hildegard and Julius Lewy argue for identifying these gods with Mercury as the evening and morning star respectively [Lewy 1948].

	==== ~~III.~~ Identifications. ====		==== Previous Identifications. ====
	As a planet:		As a planet:

Sushoff at 13:06, 18 December 2025

2025-12-18T13:06:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:06, 18 December 2025
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	<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term.		<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term, see also (Kurtik n55) [[Nusku]].

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

Sushoff at 20:04, 15 December 2025

2025-12-15T20:04:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:04, 15 December 2025
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	<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term.		<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	Var.		Var.

Sushoff at 18:46, 16 August 2025

2025-08-16T18:46:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:46, 16 August 2025
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	<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term.		<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.BAR (𒀯𒄑𒁇) is an ancient Mesopotamian term.

	==~~Dictionary~~==		==Concordance, Etymology, History==
	Var.		Var.

Sushoff: /* Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim */

2025-08-04T15:36:15Z

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:36, 4 August 2025
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	* ''na-wa-ru-um'' <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI "Brilliant Hirra" (Erm. 15642:15) [Horowitz 2000, 196-197] (better ''na-aw-ru-um'' - remark of L. E. Kogan),		* ''na-wa-ru-um'' <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI "Brilliant Hirra" (Erm. 15642:15) [Horowitz 2000, 196-197] (better ''na-aw-ru-um'' - remark of L. E. Kogan),
	* ''nam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>BIL:GI "Brilliant Hirra" (AO 6769:16) [Dossin 1935, 181-182], ''šam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>BIL:[GI] "Ferocious Hir[ra]" (CBS 574) [Horowitz 1996, 58].		* ''nam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>BIL:GI "Brilliant Hirra" (AO 6769:16) [Dossin 1935, 181-182], ''šam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>BIL:[GI] "Ferocious Hir[ra]" (CBS 574) [Horowitz 1996, 58].
	\|~~Example~~		\|...
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''List of stars VR 46 1:14.'''		\|'''List of stars VR 46 1:14.'''