GU.LA - Revision history

Sushoff at 11:43, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T11:43:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:43, 5 July 2026
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	\| bordering = Aqr, Peg, Psc, Cet		\| bordering = Aqr, Peg, Psc, Cet
	\| notes =		\| notes =
			\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}

Sushoff: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[4] */

2026-07-05T08:33:22Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[4]

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:33, 5 July 2026
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	[[File:Ea (Babilonian) - EnKi (Sumerian).jpg\|thumb\|Detail of The Adda Seal. The figures can be identified as gods by their pointed hats with multiple horns. The figure with streams of water and fish flowing from his shoulders is Ea (Sumerian Enki), god of subterranean waters and of wisdom. Behind him stands Usimu, his two-faced vizier (chief minister); British Museum BM 89115.]]		[[File:Ea (Babilonian) - EnKi (Sumerian).jpg\|thumb\|Detail of The Adda Seal. The figures can be identified as gods by their pointed hats with multiple horns. The figure with streams of water and fish flowing from his shoulders is Ea (Sumerian Enki), god of subterranean waters and of wisdom. Behind him stands Usimu, his two-faced vizier (chief minister); British Museum BM 89115.]]

	* ~~rdwsee~~ also (Kurtik g25) GU.		* see also (Kurtik g25) GU.
	* see also (Kurtik r01) <sup>(mul)</sup>''Rabû''		* see also (Kurtik r01) <sup>(mul)</sup>''Rabû''

Sushoff at 08:32, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T08:32:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:32, 5 July 2026
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	}}		}}

	<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA (𒀯𒄖𒆷) = ''rabû'', "The Great One,'Giant" is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Aquarius]] [Gössmann 1950<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 81]. In late epochs, the abbreviation GU was used for both the constellation and the zodiac sign; this applies to later astronomical, astrological and magical texts ~~<s>~~[Gössmann1950<ref name=":0" />, 71;~~</s> <s>~~Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":1">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 257~~</s>~~]. In addition the attested translation <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA= ''rabû'', The Giant (Urra XXII), indicates the existence of a loan-word ''Gula/Gulu/Gullû'' as an Akkadian name for this asterism. In any case, indirect associations, and perhaps even confusion between the star-name, the name of the goddess Gula and her asterism <sup>mul d</sup>[[Gula]], and the Lion-constellation <sup>mul</sup>[[UR.GU.LA]] is noticeable (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":2">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 115, 154).		<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA (𒀯𒄖𒆷) = ''rabû'', "The Great One,'Giant" is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Aquarius]] [Gössmann 1950<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 81]. In late epochs, the abbreviation GU was used for both the constellation and the zodiac sign; this applies to later astronomical, astrological and magical texts [Gössmann1950<ref name=":0" />, 71; Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":1">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 257]. In addition the attested translation <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA= ''rabû'', The Giant (Urra XXII), indicates the existence of a loan-word ''Gula/Gulu/Gullû'' as an Akkadian name for this asterism. In any case, indirect associations, and perhaps even confusion between the star-name, the name of the goddess Gula and her asterism <sup>mul d</sup>[[Gula]], and the Lion-constellation <sup>mul</sup>[[UR.GU.LA]] is noticeable (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":2">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 115, 154).
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	[[File:Ea (Babilonian) - EnKi (Sumerian).jpg\|thumb\|Detail of The Adda Seal. The figures can be identified as gods by their pointed hats with multiple horns. The figure with streams of water and fish flowing from his shoulders is Ea (Sumerian Enki), god of subterranean waters and of wisdom. Behind him stands Usimu, his two-faced vizier (chief minister); British Museum BM 89115.]]		[[File:Ea (Babilonian) - EnKi (Sumerian).jpg\|thumb\|Detail of The Adda Seal. The figures can be identified as gods by their pointed hats with multiple horns. The figure with streams of water and fish flowing from his shoulders is Ea (Sumerian Enki), god of subterranean waters and of wisdom. Behind him stands Usimu, his two-faced vizier (chief minister); British Museum BM 89115.]]

Sushoff at 08:31, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T08:31:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:31, 5 July 2026
Line 28:		Line 28:
	}}		}}

	<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA (𒀯𒄖𒆷) = ''rabû'', "The Great One,'Giant" is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Aquarius]] [Gössmann 1950<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 81]. In late epochs, the abbreviation GU was used for both the constellation and the zodiac sign; this applies to later astronomical, astrological and magical texts <s>[Gössmann1950<ref name=":0" />, 71;</s> <s>Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":1">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 257</s>]. In addition to the attested translation ~~<s>of GU.LA</s>~~ <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA= ''rabû'', Urra XXII: indicates the existence of a loan-word ''Gula/Gulu/Gullû'' as an Akkadian name for this asterism. In any case, indirect associations, and perhaps even confusion between the star-name, the name of the goddess Gula and her asterism <sup>mul ~~[[DGU.LA\|~~d]]</sup>[[~~DGU.LA\|GU.LA~~]], and the Lion-constellation <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA is noticeable (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":2">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 115, 154). <s>'''''For <sup>mul d</sup>GU.LA see Beaulieu et al. 2018'''''<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>''''': 33 and below g27+??'''''</s>		<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA (𒀯𒄖𒆷) = ''rabû'', "The Great One,'Giant" is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Aquarius]] [Gössmann 1950<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 81]. In late epochs, the abbreviation GU was used for both the constellation and the zodiac sign; this applies to later astronomical, astrological and magical texts <s>[Gössmann1950<ref name=":0" />, 71;</s> <s>Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":1">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 257</s>]. In addition the attested translation <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA= ''rabû'', The Giant (Urra XXII), indicates the existence of a loan-word ''Gula/Gulu/Gullû'' as an Akkadian name for this asterism. In any case, indirect associations, and perhaps even confusion between the star-name, the name of the goddess Gula and her asterism <sup>mul d</sup>[[Gula]], and the Lion-constellation <sup>mul</sup>[[UR.GU.LA]] is noticeable (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":2">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 115, 154).
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	[[File:Ea (Babilonian) - EnKi (Sumerian).jpg\|thumb\|Detail of The Adda Seal. The figures can be identified as gods by their pointed hats with multiple horns. The figure with streams of water and fish flowing from his shoulders is Ea (Sumerian Enki), god of subterranean waters and of wisdom. Behind him stands Usimu, his two-faced vizier (chief minister); British Museum BM 89115.]]		[[File:Ea (Babilonian) - EnKi (Sumerian).jpg\|thumb\|Detail of The Adda Seal. The figures can be identified as gods by their pointed hats with multiple horns. The figure with streams of water and fish flowing from his shoulders is Ea (Sumerian Enki), god of subterranean waters and of wisdom. Behind him stands Usimu, his two-faced vizier (chief minister); British Museum BM 89115.]]

Sushoff at 08:28, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T08:28:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:28, 5 July 2026
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	\| numberbrightstars = 3		\| numberbrightstars = 3
	\| numbernearbystars =		\| numbernearbystars =
	\| brighteststarname = Safina		\| brighteststarname = [[Safina]]
	\| starmagnitude = 2.39		\| starmagnitude = 2.39
	\| neareststarname =		\| neareststarname =

Sushoff at 08:28, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T08:28:00Z

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ----
 [[File:GU.LA+Cap stellarium.jpg|thumb|God Enki/ Ea, The Giant / The Great One, and his companion, the benevolent Goat-Fish; depicted in Stellarium by Jessica Gullberg (2021).]]
 <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA (𒀯𒄖𒆷) = ''rabû'', "The Great One,'Giant" is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Aquarius]] [Gössmann 1950<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 81]. In late epochs, the abbreviation GU was used for both the constellation and the zodiac sign; this applies to later astronomical, astrological and magical texts  <s>[Gössmann1950<ref name=":0" />, 71;</s> <s>Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":1">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 257</s>].  In addition to the attested translation <s>of GU.LA</s> <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA= ''rabû'', Urra XXII:  indicates the existence of a loan-word ''Gula/Gulu/Gullû''  as an Akkadian name for this asterism.  In any case, indirect associations, and perhaps even confusion between the star-name, the name of the goddess Gula and her asterism <sup>mul [[DGU.LA|d]]</sup>[[DGU.LA|GU.LA]], and the Lion-constellation <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA is noticeable (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":2">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 115, 154).  <s>'''''For <sup>mul d</sup>GU.LA see Beaulieu et al. 2018'''''<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>''''': 33 and below g27+??'''''</s>
 ==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

WayneHorowitz: I redid the teaser, I redid the Astrolabe entries, all of the Anaphora sections need to be redone on the basis of F. Rochberg's article 2004: A Babylonian Rising times scheme|

2026-06-08T12:06:50Z

I redid the teaser, I redid the Astrolabe entries, all of the Anaphora sections need to be redone on the basis of F. Rochberg's article 2004: A Babylonian Rising times scheme|

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:06, 8 June 2026
Line 7:		Line 7:
	[[File:Ea (Babilonian) - EnKi (Sumerian).jpg\|thumb\|Detail of The Adda Seal. The figures can be identified as gods by their pointed hats with multiple horns. The figure with streams of water and fish flowing from his shoulders is Ea (Sumerian Enki), god of subterranean waters and of wisdom. Behind him stands Usimu, his two-faced vizier (chief minister); British Museum BM 89115.]]		[[File:Ea (Babilonian) - EnKi (Sumerian).jpg\|thumb\|Detail of The Adda Seal. The figures can be identified as gods by their pointed hats with multiple horns. The figure with streams of water and fish flowing from his shoulders is Ea (Sumerian Enki), god of subterranean waters and of wisdom. Behind him stands Usimu, his two-faced vizier (chief minister); British Museum BM 89115.]]

	* ~~see~~ also (Kurtik g25) GU.		* rdwsee also (Kurtik g25) GU.
	* see also (Kurtik r01) <sup>(mul)</sup>''Rabû''		* see also (Kurtik r01) <sup>(mul)</sup>''Rabû''

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	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''"Three Stars Each (~~Astroabes~~)."'''		\|'''Three Stars Each (Astrolabe Group)'''
	'''~~Astrolabe P~~.'''		Horowitz 2014: 246
			Month-Star Lists (Horowitz 2014: 195, Ea X (BM 34713 Ea XI); BM 82923: 28: <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA // 2.20 // <sup>d</sup>EN IDIM <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The Giant // 140 // Lord of the Source, Ea". [Horowitz 2014: 141, Walker-Hunger 1977<ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 30: 28].,

	* Month of Tebet, the stars of Ea, 140 [Pinches 1900<ref>''Pinches T.G.'' Review of R.Brown. Researches into the Origin of the Primitive Constellations of the Greeks, Phoenicians, and ~~Babylonians. Vol. 2. London, 1900 // JRAS. 1900. P. 571-577.</ref>, 575].~~		Rising and Setting Stars (Horowitz 2014: 161: 8, 19): Ea, <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA; Ea, <sup>mul</sup> AL.LUL = ''aluttu'', Anu; <sup>mul</sup>TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup>, Enlil). Note the mistake in Astrolabe B (KAV 218 = VAT 9416) <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA mistake for <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA. The same error occurs in the Circular Astrolabe K. 14193+ (see Horowitz 2014: 124).
			*Circular/Round?? Astrolabes: K. 14193+ Tebet <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA mistake for <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA (see Horowitz 2014 124-125).
	~~'''Astrolabe B.'''~~		**

	* (~~1) List (3´12)~~: ~~[<sup>iti</sup>ab <sup>m</sup>]<sup>ul</sup>gu.la ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The month of Tebet~~: ~~the Giant (on the way towards~~) Ea ~~(rises)" (C i 10).~~
	* (2) List (rising-setting=6m):
	** a) <sup>iti</sup>ab <sup>mul</sup>gu.la <sup>mul</sup>''~~al-lu-ut-tum~~'' <sup>mul</sup>ti<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> ~~˹e<sub>3</sub>˺ "Tebet: Giant~~, ~~Crab, Eagle rises"~~ (~~C 31),~~
	** b) <sup>~~[mu]l~~</sup>~~<<ur>>~~.gu.la <sup>mul</sup>~~''al-lu-ut-tum''~~ <sup>mul</sup>~~ti<sub>8</sub>~~<sup>~~mušen~~</sup> ~~[šu<sub>2</sub>] "~~(~~Duuzu): the Giant, Crab, Eagle [comes in]." [KAV<ref>''Schroeder O.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.</ref> 218, C 20;~~ Horowitz 2014~~, 37, 40]~~.
	\|[[File:Aqr+Cap Perdok stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|The Mesopotamian god Enki/ Ea and the benevolent daemon of the Goat-Fish next to him; paintings by R. Perdok (LWL Planetarium Münster) mapped to Stellarium. ]]		\|[[File:Aqr+Cap Perdok stellarium.jpg\|alt=Stellarium map\|thumb\|The Mesopotamian god Enki/ Ea and the benevolent daemon of the Goat-Fish next to him; paintings by R. Perdok (LWL Planetarium Münster) mapped to Stellarium. ]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''BM 82923.'''		\|'''BM 82923.'''
	Month of Tebet, stars of Ea: <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA // 2.20 // <sup>d</sup>EN BE <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a'' "The Giant // 140 // Lord of sources, Ea". [Walker-Hunger 1977<ref>''Walker C.B.F., Hunger H.'' Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.</ref>, 30:28].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Anaphora.'''		\|'''<s>Anaphora.</s>'''
	А 3427:		<s>А 3427:</s>

	* ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ab ''ina'' ''še-rim'' ud 28 <sup>múl</sup>GU ki.min(=''meš-ḫa im-šuḫ'' ZI)		* <s>''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ab ''ina'' ''še-rim'' ud 28 <sup>múl</sup>GU ki.min(=''meš-ḫa im-šuḫ'' ZI)</s>
	* "In the month of Tebet, in the morning of the 28th day, the Giant emits mišḫu and rises." [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":16">''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 238:5], parallel in Sp II 202+: ina ab ina ''še-rim'' 28 <sup>múl</sup>gu.la ''meš-ḫu im-šuḫ'' ZI [ibid.<ref name=":16" /> 246:23].		* <s>"In the month of Tebet, in the morning of the 28th day, the Giant emits mišḫu and rises." [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":16">''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 238:5], parallel in Sp II 202+: ina ab ina ''še-rim'' 28 <sup>múl</sup>gu.la ''meš-ḫu im-šuḫ'' ZI [ibid.<ref name=":16" /> 246:23].</s>
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-

WayneHorowitz: Who wrote the gul + a and the rest under the Akkadian parallel in Concordance??

2026-06-08T11:43:58Z

Who wrote the gul + a and the rest under the Akkadian parallel in Concordance??

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:43, 8 June 2026
Line 3:		Line 3:
	----		----
	[[File:GU.LA+Cap stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|God Enki/ Ea, The Giant / The Great One, and his companion, the benevolent Goat-Fish; depicted in Stellarium by Jessica Gullberg (2021).]]		[[File:GU.LA+Cap stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|God Enki/ Ea, The Giant / The Great One, and his companion, the benevolent Goat-Fish; depicted in Stellarium by Jessica Gullberg (2021).]]
	<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA (𒀯𒄖𒆷) = ''rabû'', "Great, Giant" is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Aquarius]] [Gössmann 1950<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 81]. In late epochs, the abbreviation GU was used for both the constellation and the zodiac sign; this applies to later astronomical, astrological and magical texts [Gössmann1950<ref name=":0" />, 71; Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":1">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 257]. In addition to the attested translation <s>of GU.LA</s> <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA= ''rabû'', Urra XXII indicates the existence of a loan-word ''Gula/Gulu/Gullû'' as an Akkadian name for this asterism. In any case, indirect associations, and perhaps even confusion between the star-name, the name of the goddess Gula and her asterism <sup>mul [[DGU.LA\|d]]</sup>[[DGU.LA\|GU.LA]], and the Lion-constellation <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA is noticeable (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":2">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 115, 154). <s>'''''For <sup>mul d</sup>GU.LA see Beaulieu et al. 2018'''''<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>''''': 33 and below g27+??'''''</s>		<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA (𒀯𒄖𒆷) = ''rabû'', "The Great One,'Giant" is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Aquarius]] [Gössmann 1950<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 81]. In late epochs, the abbreviation GU was used for both the constellation and the zodiac sign; this applies to later astronomical, astrological and magical texts <s>[Gössmann1950<ref name=":0" />, 71;</s> <s>Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":1">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 257</s>]. In addition to the attested translation <s>of GU.LA</s> <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA= ''rabû'', Urra XXII: indicates the existence of a loan-word ''Gula/Gulu/Gullû'' as an Akkadian name for this asterism. In any case, indirect associations, and perhaps even confusion between the star-name, the name of the goddess Gula and her asterism <sup>mul [[DGU.LA\|d]]</sup>[[DGU.LA\|GU.LA]], and the Lion-constellation <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA is noticeable (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":2">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 115, 154). <s>'''''For <sup>mul d</sup>GU.LA see Beaulieu et al. 2018'''''<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>''''': 33 and below g27+??'''''</s>
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	[[File:Ea (Babilonian) - EnKi (Sumerian).jpg\|thumb\|Detail of The Adda Seal. The figures can be identified as gods by their pointed hats with multiple horns. The figure with streams of water and fish flowing from his shoulders is Ea (Sumerian Enki), god of subterranean waters and of wisdom. Behind him stands Usimu, his two-faced vizier (chief minister); British Museum BM 89115.]]		[[File:Ea (Babilonian) - EnKi (Sumerian).jpg\|thumb\|Detail of The Adda Seal. The figures can be identified as gods by their pointed hats with multiple horns. The figure with streams of water and fish flowing from his shoulders is Ea (Sumerian Enki), god of subterranean waters and of wisdom. Behind him stands Usimu, his two-faced vizier (chief minister); British Museum BM 89115.]]

WayneHorowitz at 15:03, 7 June 2026

2026-06-07T15:03:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:03, 7 June 2026
Line 3:		Line 3:
	----		----
	[[File:GU.LA+Cap stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|God Enki/ Ea, The Giant / The Great One, and his companion, the benevolent Goat-Fish; depicted in Stellarium by Jessica Gullberg (2021).]]		[[File:GU.LA+Cap stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|God Enki/ Ea, The Giant / The Great One, and his companion, the benevolent Goat-Fish; depicted in Stellarium by Jessica Gullberg (2021).]]
	<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA (𒀯𒄖𒆷) = ''rabû'', "Great, Giant" is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Aquarius]] [Gössmann 1950<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 81]. In late epochs, the abbreviation GU was used for both the constellation and the zodiac sign; this applies to later astronomical, astrological and magical texts [Gössmann1950<ref name=":0" />, 71; Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":1">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 257]. In addition to the attested translation of GU.LA <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA= ''rabû'', Urra XXII indicates the existence of a loan-word ''Gula/Gulu/Gullû'' as ~~the asterism's~~ Akkadian name. In any case, indirect associations, and perhaps even confusion between the star-name, the name of the goddess Gula and her asterism <sup>mul [[DGU.LA\|d]]</sup>[[DGU.LA\|GU.LA]], and the Lion-constellation <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA is noticeable (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":2">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 115, 154). <s>'''''For <sup>mul d</sup>GU.LA see Beaulieu et al. 2018'''''<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>''''': 33 and below g27+??'''''</s>		<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA (𒀯𒄖𒆷) = ''rabû'', "Great, Giant" is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Aquarius]] [Gössmann 1950<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 81]. In late epochs, the abbreviation GU was used for both the constellation and the zodiac sign; this applies to later astronomical, astrological and magical texts [Gössmann1950<ref name=":0" />, 71; Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":1">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 257]. In addition to the attested translation <s>of GU.LA</s> <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA= ''rabû'', Urra XXII indicates the existence of a loan-word ''Gula/Gulu/Gullû'' as an Akkadian name for this asterism. In any case, indirect associations, and perhaps even confusion between the star-name, the name of the goddess Gula and her asterism <sup>mul [[DGU.LA\|d]]</sup>[[DGU.LA\|GU.LA]], and the Lion-constellation <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA is noticeable (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":2">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 115, 154). <s>'''''For <sup>mul d</sup>GU.LA see Beaulieu et al. 2018'''''<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>''''': 33 and below g27+??'''''</s>
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	[[File:Ea (Babilonian) - EnKi (Sumerian).jpg\|thumb\|Detail of The Adda Seal. The figures can be identified as gods by their pointed hats with multiple horns. The figure with streams of water and fish flowing from his shoulders is Ea (Sumerian Enki), god of subterranean waters and of wisdom. Behind him stands Usimu, his two-faced vizier (chief minister); British Museum BM 89115.]]		[[File:Ea (Babilonian) - EnKi (Sumerian).jpg\|thumb\|Detail of The Adda Seal. The figures can be identified as gods by their pointed hats with multiple horns. The figure with streams of water and fish flowing from his shoulders is Ea (Sumerian Enki), god of subterranean waters and of wisdom. Behind him stands Usimu, his two-faced vizier (chief minister); British Museum BM 89115.]]

WayneHorowitz at 14:05, 7 June 2026

2026-06-07T14:05:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:05, 7 June 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:GU.LA+Cap stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|God Enki/ Ea, The Giant / The Great One, and his companion, the benevolent Goat-Fish; depicted in Stellarium by Jessica Gullberg (2021).]]		[[File:GU.LA+Cap stellarium.jpg\|thumb\|God Enki/ Ea, The Giant / The Great One, and his companion, the benevolent Goat-Fish; depicted in Stellarium by Jessica Gullberg (2021).]]
	<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA (𒀯𒄖𒆷) = ''rabû'', "Great, Giant" is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Aquarius]] [Gössmann 1950<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 81]. In late epochs, the abbreviation GU was used for both the constellation and the zodiac sign; this applies to later astronomical, astrological and magical texts [Gössmann1950<ref name=":0" />, 71; Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":1">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 257]. In addition to the attested translation of GU.LA <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA= ''rabû'', Urra XXII indicates the existence of a loan-word ''Gula/Gulu/Gullû'' as the asterism's Akkadian name. In any case, indirect associations, and perhaps even confusion between the star-name, the name of the goddess Gula and her asterism <sup>mul d</sup>GU.LA, and the Lion-constellation <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA is noticeable (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":2">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 115, 154). '''''For <sup>mul d</sup>GU.LA see Beaulieu et al. 2018'''''<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>''''': 33 and below g27+??'''''		<sup>mul</sup>GU.LA (𒀯𒄖𒆷) = ''rabû'', "Great, Giant" is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Aquarius]] [Gössmann 1950<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 81]. In late epochs, the abbreviation GU was used for both the constellation and the zodiac sign; this applies to later astronomical, astrological and magical texts [Gössmann1950<ref name=":0" />, 71; Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":1">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 257]. In addition to the attested translation of GU.LA <sup>mul</sup>GU.LA= ''rabû'', Urra XXII indicates the existence of a loan-word ''Gula/Gulu/Gullû'' as the asterism's Akkadian name. In any case, indirect associations, and perhaps even confusion between the star-name, the name of the goddess Gula and her asterism <sup>mul [[DGU.LA\|d]]</sup>[[DGU.LA\|GU.LA]], and the Lion-constellation <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA is noticeable (see Horowitz 2014<ref name=":2">Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>: 115, 154). <s>'''''For <sup>mul d</sup>GU.LA see Beaulieu et al. 2018'''''<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>''''': 33 and below g27+??'''''</s>
	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
	[[File:Ea (Babilonian) - EnKi (Sumerian).jpg\|thumb\|Detail of The Adda Seal. The figures can be identified as gods by their pointed hats with multiple horns. The figure with streams of water and fish flowing from his shoulders is Ea (Sumerian Enki), god of subterranean waters and of wisdom. Behind him stands Usimu, his two-faced vizier (chief minister); British Museum BM 89115.]]		[[File:Ea (Babilonian) - EnKi (Sumerian).jpg\|thumb\|Detail of The Adda Seal. The figures can be identified as gods by their pointed hats with multiple horns. The figure with streams of water and fish flowing from his shoulders is Ea (Sumerian Enki), god of subterranean waters and of wisdom. Behind him stands Usimu, his two-faced vizier (chief minister); British Museum BM 89115.]]