GU4.ALIM - Revision history

Sushoff at 11:09, 10 June 2026

2026-06-10T11:09:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:09, 10 June 2026
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	\|'''Dalbanna-text.'''		\|'''Dalbanna-text.'''
	* §Y.		* §Y.
	** a) <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> g[ub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim] "the [Buffalo's] le[ft] leg" ~~(σ Oph)~~,		** a) <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> g[ub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim] "the [Buffalo's] le[ft] leg" ,
	** b) [<sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag gu<sub>4</sub>.alim] "[the Buffalo's right leg]" ~~(κ Oph)~~, see (Kurtik u21) [[UR.IDIM]].		** b) [<sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag gu<sub>4</sub>.alim] "[the Buffalo's right leg]" , see (Kurtik u21) [[UR.IDIM]].
	** §§ f, g, h, j, h, s, t, u, v [Walker 1995; Koch 1995; ASM, 108-110].		** §§ f, g, h, j, h, s, t, u, v [Walker 1995; Koch 1995; ASM, 108-110].
	* §Z. <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag gu<sub>4</sub>. alim <sup>mul</sup>˹gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub>˺ [...] "Buffalo's right leg ~~(κ Oph)~~, left leg [...] ~~(ζ2 Sco)~~, [...] ~~(χ Lup)~~ [...] [Walker 1995, 35; ASM, 107]; according to [Koch 1995, 47, 60]: <sup>mul</sup>˹gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub>˺ [...] = <sup>mul</sup>˹gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub>˺ [ur. idim] "The left paw [of the Mad Dog]" ~~(ζ<sub>2</sub> Sco)~~, [...] = [<sup>mul</sup>šu zag ur.idim] "[The right hand of the Mad Dog] ~~(χ Lup)~~.		* §Z.
	* §AA. <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub> ˹ur.idim˺ [...] gan<sub>2</sub> gim u<sub>2</sub> 2 dal.ba.an.na [dal.ba.an.na ...] "Left leg of Buffalo (σ Oph), left paw of the Mad Dog ~~(ζ<sub>2</sub> Sco)~~, [...] [... stars]. Field ... 2 intervals, [interval ...]" [Walker 1995, 35; ASM, 108]; according to [Koch 1995, 47-48, 60]: [...] = [<sup>mul</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> ur.idim] "Mad Dog's left arm]" ~~(θ Lup)~~.		** <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag gu<sub>4</sub>. alim <sup>mul</sup>˹gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub>˺ [...]
			** "Buffalo's right leg , left leg [...] , [...] [...] [Walker 1995, 35; ASM, 107]; according to [Koch 1995, 47, 60]: <sup>mul</sup>˹gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub>˺ [...] = <sup>mul</sup>˹gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub>˺ [ur. idim] "The left paw [of the Mad Dog]" , [...] = [<sup>mul</sup>šu zag ur.idim] "[The right hand of the Mad Dog] .
			* §AA.
			** <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub> ˹ur.idim˺ [...] gan<sub>2</sub> gim u<sub>2</sub> 2 dal.ba.an.na [dal.ba.an.na ...]
			** "Left leg of Buffalo (σ Oph), left paw of the Mad Dog, [...] [... stars]. Field ... 2 intervals, [interval ...]" [Walker 1995, 35; ASM, 108]; according to [Koch 1995, 47-48, 60]: [...] = [<sup>mul</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> ur.idim] "Mad Dog's left arm]".
	* §f.		* §f.
	** a) <sup>mul</sup>˹mu˺[rub<sub>4</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim]<sup>?</sup> "Cen[ter of the Buffalo]" ~~(γ Oph)~~,		** a) <sup>mul</sup>˹mu˺[rub<sub>4</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim]<sup>?</sup> "Cen[ter of the Buffalo]",
	** b) [<sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag]<sup>?</sup> ˹gu<sub>4</sub>˺.alim "[Right leg] of the Buffalo" ~~(κ Oph)~~, see (Kurtik g19) [[GIR2.TAB\|GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB]].		** b) [<sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag]<sup>?</sup> ˹gu<sub>4</sub>˺.alim "[Right leg] of the Buffalo", see (Kurtik g19) [[GIR2.TAB\|GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB]].
	* §g. <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag g[u<sub>4</sub>.alim] "the right leg of Z[ubr]" ~~(κ Oph)~~, see (Kurtik h03) ''[[Ḫaniš]]''.		* §g.
	* §h. <sup>mul</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim "the left hand of Zubr" ~~(Ser d)~~, see (Kurtik g19) [[GIR2.TAB\|GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB]].		** <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag g[u<sub>4</sub>.alim]
	* §j. <sup>mul</sup>sag gu<sub>4</sub>.alim "Buffalo's head" ~~(η Ser?)~~, see (Kurtik g19) [[GIR2.TAB\|GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB]].		** "the right leg of Z[ubr]", see (Kurtik h03) ''[[Ḫaniš]]''.
	* §k. ˹<sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.alim˺ ~~(η Ser)~~, see (Kurtik z01) [[ZA.BA4.BA4\|ZA.BA<sub>4</sub>.BA<sub>4</sub>]].		* §h.
			** <sup>mul</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim
			** "the left hand of Zubr", see (Kurtik g19) [[GIR2.TAB\|GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB]].
			* §j.
			** <sup>mul</sup>sag gu<sub>4</sub>.alim
			** "Buffalo's head", see (Kurtik g19) [[GIR2.TAB\|GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB]].
			* §k. ˹<sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.alim˺, see (Kurtik z01) [[ZA.BA4.BA4\|ZA.BA<sub>4</sub>.BA<sub>4</sub>]].
	* §n.		* §n.
	** a) <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> z[ag gu<sub>4</sub>.alim] "Ri[ght] leg [of the Buffalo]" ~~(κ Oph)~~,		** a) <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> z[ag gu<sub>4</sub>.alim] "Ri[ght] leg [of the Buffalo]",
	** b) <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag ˹gu<sub>4</sub>.alim˺ ''maḫ''-[''ru''] "Right leg of the Buffalo fir[st]", see (Kurtik u21) [[UR.IDIM]].		** b) <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag ˹gu<sub>4</sub>.alim˺ ''maḫ''-[''ru''] "Right leg of the Buffalo fir[st]", see (Kurtik u21) [[UR.IDIM]].
	* §s. <sup>mul</sup>sag gu<sub>4</sub>.a[lim] mul.meš murub<sub>4</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> gu[b<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>].˹alim˺ <sup>mul</sup>muru[b<sub>4</sub> x x] x 4 mul.meš gu si.sa<sub>2</sub> dub<sub>2</sub>.ba "The head of the B[ison] ~~(η Ser? )~~, stars in the middle of the Buffalo ~~(βγ Oph)~~, le[ft] leg of the [Bis]on ~~(σ Oph!)~~, middle[on x x] x: 4 stars. Straight tight rope." [Walker 1995, 39; ASM, 110]; here, <sup>mul</sup>muru[b<sub>4</sub> x x] x = <sup>mul</sup>muru[b<sub>4</sub> sa.r]˹i˺ "Midd[le of the Wild Ca]t" ~~(η Tel)~~, cf. [Koch 1995, 50, 62].		* §s.
	* §t. <sup>mul</sup>šu zag gu<sub>4</sub>.alim <sup>mul</sup>''Šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ur''<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>˹''Šar''<sub>2</sub>-''gaz''˺ ''u'' <sup>˹mul˺</sup>''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag ˹3˺ mul.meš gu si.sa<sub>2</sub> dub<sub>2</sub>.ba 2 dal.ba.an.na dal.ba.an.na <sup>mul</sup>šu zag gu<sub>4</sub>. alim ''maḫ-ru'' "The right hand of the Buffalo ~~(ζ Ser)~~, Sharur (λ Sco), Shargaz (υ Sco) and the sting of Pabilsag (α CrA): 3 stars. A straight tight rope. 2 interval, interval. Buffalo's right hand first." [Walker 1995, 39-40; Koch 1995, 50, 62; ASM, 110].		** <sup>mul</sup>sag gu<sub>4</sub>.a[lim] mul.meš murub<sub>4</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> gu[b<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>].˹alim˺ <sup>mul</sup>muru[b<sub>4</sub> x x] x 4 mul.meš gu si.sa<sub>2</sub> dub<sub>2</sub>.ba
	* §u. <sup>[mu]l</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim <sup>d</sup>li<sub>9</sub>.si<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>zi.ba.an.na igi-u<sub>2</sub> 3 mul.meš sag.du<sub>3</sub> "Left hand of Buffalo ~~(ζ Ser)~~, Lisi (α Sco), front (star) of Libra (α Lib): 3 stars. Triangle." [Walker 1995, 40; ASM, 110]; according to [Koch 1995, 50, 62 Anm. 25], instead of <sup>[mu]l</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim ~~(ζ Ser)~~ should be <sup>[mu]l</sup>gir<sub>2</sub> gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim "Left leg of the Buffalo" ~~(σ Oph)~~.		** "The head of the B[ison], stars in the middle of the Buffalo, le[ft] leg of the [Bis]on, middle[on x x] x: 4 stars. Straight tight rope." [Walker 1995, 39; ASM, 110]; here, <sup>mul</sup>muru[b<sub>4</sub> x x] x = <sup>mul</sup>muru[b<sub>4</sub> sa.r]˹i˺ "Midd[le of the Wild Ca]t", cf. [Koch 1995, 50, 62].
	* §v. <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim "Left leg of the Buffalo" ~~(σ Oph!)~~, see (Kurtik L07) [[LI9.SI4\|LI<sub>9</sub>.SI<sub>4</sub>]].		* §t.
	* §w. <sup>mul</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> [gu<sub>4</sub>.alim]? "The left hand [of the Buffalo]" ~~(Ser d)~~, see (Kurtik u06) [[UD.KA.DU8.A\|UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A]].		** <sup>mul</sup>šu zag gu<sub>4</sub>.alim <sup>mul</sup>''Šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ur''<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>˹''Šar''<sub>2</sub>-''gaz''˺ ''u'' <sup>˹mul˺</sup>''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag ˹3˺ mul.meš gu si.sa<sub>2</sub> dub<sub>2</sub>.ba 2 dal.ba.an.na dal.ba.an.na <sup>mul</sup>šu zag gu<sub>4</sub>. alim ''maḫ-ru''
			** "The right hand of the Buffalo, Sharur (λ Sco), Shargaz (υ Sco) and the sting of Pabilsag (α CrA): 3 stars. A straight tight rope. 2 interval, interval. Buffalo's right hand first." [Walker 1995, 39-40; Koch 1995, 50, 62; ASM, 110].
			* §u.
			** <sup>[mu]l</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim <sup>d</sup>li<sub>9</sub>.si<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>zi.ba.an.na igi-u<sub>2</sub> 3 mul.meš sag.du<sub>3</sub>
			** "Left hand of Buffalo, Lisi (α Sco), front (star) of Libra (α Lib): 3 stars. Triangle." [Walker 1995, 40; ASM, 110]; according to [Koch 1995, 50, 62 Anm. 25], instead of <sup>[mu]l</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim should be <sup>[mu]l</sup>gir<sub>2</sub> gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim "Left leg of the Buffalo".
			* §v.
			** <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim
			** "Left leg of the Buffalo", see (Kurtik L07) [[LI9.SI4\|LI<sub>9</sub>.SI<sub>4</sub>]].
			* §w.
			** <sup>mul</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> [gu<sub>4</sub>.alim]?
			** "The left hand [of the Buffalo]", see (Kurtik u06) [[UD.KA.DU8.A\|UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A]].
	\|see Hoffmann (future book)		\|see Hoffmann (future book)
			to be added after publication
	\|}		\|}
	See also <sup>mul</sup>G[U<sub>4</sub>].ALIM in K.11739:5 [CT 26, 47], <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.alim in the star list [III R, 57, 9:1], <sup>d</sup>''Ku-sa-ri-ku'' = MUL [...] in [II R, 47 iii 38].		See also <sup>mul</sup>G[U<sub>4</sub>].ALIM in K.11739:5 [CT 26, 47], <sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.alim in the star list [III R, 57, 9:1], <sup>d</sup>''Ku-sa-ri-ku'' = MUL [...] in [II R, 47 iii 38].
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	==== Previous Identification. ====		==== Previous Identification. ====
	~~= part of the Ophiuchus and placed in the front portion of Ophiuchus [G. 76; Koch 1995; ASM, 107ff.]~~

	According to H.Walker, quoted by F.Wiggermann, "the constellation kusarikku (GUD.ALIM) — a bull-man, which constitutes Šullat and Ḫaniš, the Centaurus constellation". [Wiggermann 1992, 176].		According to H.Walker, quoted by F.Wiggermann, "the constellation kusarikku (GUD.ALIM) — a bull-man, which constitutes Šullat and Ḫaniš, the Centaurus constellation". [Wiggermann 1992, 176].

	In the general list of stars, D.Pingree does not give identifications for this constellation [ASM, 271].		In the general list of stars, D.Pingree does not give identifications for this constellation [ASM, 271].

			= part of the Ophiuchus and placed in the front portion of Ophiuchus+Serpens in Dalbanna [G. 76; Koch 1995; ASM, 107ff.]

			* "Buffalo's right leg (κ Oph), left leg [...] (ζ2 Sco), [...] (χ Lup) [...] [Walker 1995, 35; ASM, 107];
			* "Left leg of Buffalo ...": σ Oph [Walker 1995, 35; ASM, 108] [Koch 1995, 47-48, 60]
			* "Cen[ter of the Buffalo]": γ Oph, or (βγ Oph) [Walker 1995, 39; ASM, 110], or (η Tel), cf. [Koch 1995, 50, 62]
			* "the left hand of Zubr" (Ser d)
			* "Buffalo's head" (η Ser?)
			* ˹<sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.alim˺ (η Ser)
			*"The right hand of the Buffalo (ζ Ser) " [Walker 1995, 39-40; Koch 1995, 50, 62; ASM, 110].
			* "Left hand of Buffalo" (ζ Ser) [Walker 1995, 40; ASM, 110] or (Ser d), according to [Koch 1995, 50, 62 Anm. 25], instead of <sup>[mu]l</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim (ζ Ser) should be <sup>[mu]l</sup>gir<sub>2</sub> gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim "Left leg of the Buffalo" (σ Oph).

	==== Parts of the constellation and individual stars. ====		==== Parts of the constellation and individual stars. ====

WayneHorowitz at 10:06, 10 June 2026

2026-06-10T10:06:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:06, 10 June 2026
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	[[File:Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162.jpg\|thumb\|Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162 (CC0)]]		[[File:Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162.jpg\|thumb\|Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162 (CC0)]]
	<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM (𒀯𒄞𒄋; Sumerian), <sup>d</sup>''Kusarikkum'' (𒀭𒆪𒊓𒊑𒆪; Akkadian), The Buffalo, is an ancient Mesopotamian constellation. With its name written syllabically in Akkadian, it is one 10 asterisms named in the two famous 'Old Babylonian Prayers to the Gods of the Night.' Later, in the first millennium, the Akkadian name again appears in the broken commentary 2R 47 iii 38 (<sup>d</sup>''Ku-sa-rik-ku'' = MUL [ . . .). In the DAL.BA.AN.NA-text Sumerian <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM occurs as a multi-star/multi-feature asterism (right leg, left leg, midsection, head), probably in the area of [[Norma]]/ [[Ara]]. However, There is no way to be certain if the second millennium ''kusarikkum'' is comprised of the same stars as first millennium <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM, or even in the same area of the sky.		<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM (𒀯𒄞𒄋; Sumerian), <sup>d</sup>''Kusarikkum'' (𒀭𒆪𒊓𒊑𒆪; Akkadian), 'The Buffalo,' is an ancient Mesopotamian constellation. With its name written syllabically in Akkadian, it is one 10 asterisms named in the two famous 'Old Babylonian Prayers to the Gods of the Night.' Later, in the first millennium, the Akkadian name again appears in the broken commentary 2R 47 iii 38 (<sup>d</sup>''Ku-sa-rik-ku'' = MUL [ . . .). In the DAL.BA.AN.NA-text Sumerian <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM occurs as a multi-star/multi-feature asterism (right leg, left leg, midsection, head), probably in the area of [[Norma]]/ [[Ara]]. However, There is no way to be certain if the second millennium ''kusarikkum'' is comprised of the same stars as first millennium <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM, or even in the same area of the sky.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

WayneHorowitz at 10:05, 10 June 2026

2026-06-10T10:05:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:05, 10 June 2026
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	[[File:Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162.jpg\|thumb\|Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162 (CC0)]]		[[File:Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162.jpg\|thumb\|Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162 (CC0)]]
	<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM (𒀯𒄞𒄋; Sumerian), <sup>d</sup>''Kusarikkum'' (𒀭𒆪𒊓𒊑𒆪; Akkadian), The Buffalo, is an ancient Mesopotamian constellation. With its name written syllabically in Akkadian, it is one 10 asterisms named in the two famous 'Old Babylonian Prayers to the Gods of the Night.' Later, in the first millennium, the Akkadian name again appears in the broken commentary 2R 47 iii 38 (<sup>d</sup>''Ku-sa-rik-ku'' = MUL [ . . .)~~, and with many of its constituent stars~~ ~~identified under its~~ Sumerian ~~name~~ <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM ~~are~~ ~~in the DAL.BA.AN.NA-text, here with reference to~~ a multi-star asterism, probably in the area of [[Norma]]/ [[Ara]]. There is no way to be certain if the second millennium ''kusarikkum'' is comprised of the same stars as first millennium <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM, or even in the same area of the sky.		<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM (𒀯𒄞𒄋; Sumerian), <sup>d</sup>''Kusarikkum'' (𒀭𒆪𒊓𒊑𒆪; Akkadian), The Buffalo, is an ancient Mesopotamian constellation. With its name written syllabically in Akkadian, it is one 10 asterisms named in the two famous 'Old Babylonian Prayers to the Gods of the Night.' Later, in the first millennium, the Akkadian name again appears in the broken commentary 2R 47 iii 38 (<sup>d</sup>''Ku-sa-rik-ku'' = MUL [ . . .). In the DAL.BA.AN.NA-text Sumerian <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM occurs as a multi-star/multi-feature asterism (right leg, left leg, midsection, head), probably in the area of [[Norma]]/ [[Ara]]. However, There is no way to be certain if the second millennium ''kusarikkum'' is comprised of the same stars as first millennium <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM, or even in the same area of the sky.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

WayneHorowitz at 08:52, 8 June 2026

2026-06-08T08:52:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:52, 8 June 2026
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	[[File:Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162.jpg\|thumb\|Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162 (CC0)]]		[[File:Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162.jpg\|thumb\|Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162 (CC0)]]
	<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM (𒀯𒄞𒄋; Sumerian), <sup>d</sup>''Kusarikkum'' (𒀭𒆪𒊓𒊑𒆪; Akkadian), The Buffalo, is an ancient Mesopotamian constellation. With its name written syllabically in Akkadian, it is one 10 asterisms named in the two famous 'Old Babylonian Prayers to the Gods of the Night.' Later, in the first millennium ~~a number~~ of stars ~~in the constellation~~ under ~~the~~ Sumerian name <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM are ~~identified~~ in the DAL.BA.AN.NA-text, probably in the area of [[Norma]]/ [[Ara]].		<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM (𒀯𒄞𒄋; Sumerian), <sup>d</sup>''Kusarikkum'' (𒀭𒆪𒊓𒊑𒆪; Akkadian), The Buffalo, is an ancient Mesopotamian constellation. With its name written syllabically in Akkadian, it is one 10 asterisms named in the two famous 'Old Babylonian Prayers to the Gods of the Night.' Later, in the first millennium, the Akkadian name again appears in the broken commentary 2R 47 iii 38 (<sup>d</sup>''Ku-sa-rik-ku'' = MUL [ . . .), and with many of its constituent stars identified under its Sumerian name <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM are in the DAL.BA.AN.NA-text, here with reference to a multi-star asterism, probably in the area of [[Norma]]/ [[Ara]]. There is no way to be certain if the second millennium ''kusarikkum'' is comprised of the same stars as first millennium <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM, or even in the same area of the sky.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

WayneHorowitz at 08:44, 8 June 2026

2026-06-08T08:44:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:44, 8 June 2026
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	[[File:Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162.jpg\|thumb\|Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162 (CC0)]]		[[File:Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162.jpg\|thumb\|Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162 (CC0)]]
	<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM (𒀯𒄞𒄋; Sumerian), <sup>d</sup>''Kusarikkum'' (𒀭𒆪𒊓𒊑𒆪; Akkadian), The Buffalo, is an ancient Mesopotamian ~~asterism~~, probably in the area of [[Norma]]/ [[Ara]].		<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM (𒀯𒄞𒄋; Sumerian), <sup>d</sup>''Kusarikkum'' (𒀭𒆪𒊓𒊑𒆪; Akkadian), The Buffalo, is an ancient Mesopotamian constellation. With its name written syllabically in Akkadian, it is one 10 asterisms named in the two famous 'Old Babylonian Prayers to the Gods of the Night.' Later, in the first millennium a number of stars in the constellation under the Sumerian name <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM are identified in the DAL.BA.AN.NA-text, probably in the area of [[Norma]]/ [[Ara]].

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

YoulaAzkarrula at 05:54, 20 May 2026

2026-05-20T05:54:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:54, 20 May 2026
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	[[Category:Sumerian]]		[[Category:Sumerian]]
	[[Category:Constellation]]		[[Category:Constellation]]
	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]
	[[Category:Nor]][[Category:Ara]]		[[Category:Nor]][[Category:Ara]]

Sushoff at 15:35, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T15:35:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:35, 26 March 2026
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	[[File:Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162.jpg\|thumb\|Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162 (CC0)]]		[[File:Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162.jpg\|thumb\|Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162 (CC0)]]
	<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM (𒀯𒄞𒄋; Sumerian), <sup>d</sup>''Kusarikkum'' (𒀭𒆪𒊓𒊑𒆪; Akkadian),The Buffalo, is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism, probably in the area of [[Norma]]/ [[Ara]].		<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM (𒀯𒄞𒄋; Sumerian), <sup>d</sup>''Kusarikkum'' (𒀭𒆪𒊓𒊑𒆪; Akkadian), The Buffalo, is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism, probably in the area of [[Norma]]/ [[Ara]].

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==

Sushoff at 15:34, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T15:34:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:34, 26 March 2026
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	[[File:Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162.jpg\|thumb\|Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162 (CC0)]]		[[File:Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162.jpg\|thumb\|Cylinder seal and modern impression- bull-man combatting lion; nude hero combatting water buffalo; inscription MET DP109162 (CC0)]]
	<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM (𒀯𒄞𒄋; Sumerian), <sup>d</sup>''Kusarikkum'' (𒀭𒆪𒊓𒊑𒆪; Akkadian)'','' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism, probably in the area of [[Norma]]/ [[Ara]].		<sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM (𒀯𒄞𒄋; Sumerian), <sup>d</sup>''Kusarikkum'' (𒀭𒆪𒊓𒊑𒆪; Akkadian),The Buffalo, is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism, probably in the area of [[Norma]]/ [[Ara]].

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
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	The Dalbanna text supplies the only references to the star-name in Sumerian <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM, but based on the many lexical equivalences between this Sumerian term and Akkadian ''kusarikku'' it seems reasonable that both the Sumerian and Akkadian refer to the same asterism, even if the exact configuration of stars had changed over the centuries between the second millennium Prayers to the Gods of the Night and the Dalbanna text. In Dalbanna itself, one finds references to asterisms body-parts (left leg, right leg head etc.) indicating a fully conceived pictorial representation of the type found for constellations in the Uranology group.		The Dalbanna text supplies the only references to the star-name in Sumerian <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM, but based on the many lexical equivalences between this Sumerian term and Akkadian ''kusarikku'' it seems reasonable that both the Sumerian and Akkadian refer to the same asterism, even if the exact configuration of stars had changed over the centuries between the second millennium Prayers to the Gods of the Night and the Dalbanna text. In Dalbanna itself, one finds references to asterisms body-parts (left leg, right leg head etc.) indicating a fully conceived pictorial representation of the type found for constellations in the Uranology group.

	The standard English translation of the star-name, '~~Buffalo~~,' as in CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> K 584 is untenable as ~~Buffalo~~ are not native to Asia: Most common in North America, there is a native European version of the animal.		The standard English translation of the star-name, 'Bison,' as in CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> K 584 is untenable as bisons are not native to Asia: Most common in North America, there is a native European version of the animal. Therefore, we translate The Buffalo.

	Var. reading:		Var. reading:

Sushoff: /* Concordance, Etymology, History[1] */

2026-03-26T13:54:39Z

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:54, 26 March 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Dalbanna-text. ~~''??? why do we translate it as "Buffalo" if we state in the introduction that this is impossible???''~~'''		\|'''Dalbanna-text.'''
	* §Y.		* §Y.
	** a) <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> g[ub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim] "the [Buffalo's] le[ft] leg" (σ Oph),		** a) <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> g[ub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim] "the [Buffalo's] le[ft] leg" (σ Oph),

Sushoff at 12:03, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T12:03:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:03, 26 March 2026
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	The Dalbanna text supplies the only references to the star-name in Sumerian <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM, but based on the many lexical equivalences between this Sumerian term and Akkadian ''kusarikku'' it seems reasonable that both the Sumerian and Akkadian refer to the same asterism, even if the exact configuration of stars had changed over the centuries between the second millennium Prayers to the Gods of the Night and the Dalbanna text. In Dalbanna itself, one finds references to asterisms body-parts (left leg, right leg head etc.) indicating a fully conceived pictorial representation of the type found for constellations in the Uranology group.		The Dalbanna text supplies the only references to the star-name in Sumerian <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM, but based on the many lexical equivalences between this Sumerian term and Akkadian ''kusarikku'' it seems reasonable that both the Sumerian and Akkadian refer to the same asterism, even if the exact configuration of stars had changed over the centuries between the second millennium Prayers to the Gods of the Night and the Dalbanna text. In Dalbanna itself, one finds references to asterisms body-parts (left leg, right leg head etc.) indicating a fully conceived pictorial representation of the type found for constellations in the Uranology group.

	The standard English translation of the star-name, '~~bison~~,' as in CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> K 584 is untenable as ~~bison~~ are not native to Asia: Most common in North America, there is a native European version of the animal.		The standard English translation of the star-name, 'Buffalo,' as in CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> K 584 is untenable as Buffalo are not native to Asia: Most common in North America, there is a native European version of the animal.

	Var. reading:		Var. reading:
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	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Dalbanna-text. ''??? why do we translate it as "~~bison~~" if we state in the introduction that this is impossible???'''''		\|'''Dalbanna-text. ''??? why do we translate it as "Buffalo" if we state in the introduction that this is impossible???'''''
	* §Y.		* §Y.
	** a) <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> g[ub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim] "the [~~Bison~~'s] le[ft] leg" (σ Oph),		** a) <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> g[ub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim] "the [Buffalo's] le[ft] leg" (σ Oph),
	** b) [<sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag gu<sub>4</sub>.alim] "[the ~~Bison~~'s right leg]" (κ Oph), see (Kurtik u21) [[UR.IDIM]].		** b) [<sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag gu<sub>4</sub>.alim] "[the Buffalo's right leg]" (κ Oph), see (Kurtik u21) [[UR.IDIM]].
	** §§ f, g, h, j, h, s, t, u, v [Walker 1995; Koch 1995; ASM, 108-110].		** §§ f, g, h, j, h, s, t, u, v [Walker 1995; Koch 1995; ASM, 108-110].
	* §Z. <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag gu<sub>4</sub>. alim <sup>mul</sup>˹gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub>˺ [...] "~~Bison~~'s right leg (κ Oph), left leg [...] (ζ2 Sco), [...] (χ Lup) [...] [Walker 1995, 35; ASM, 107]; according to [Koch 1995, 47, 60]: <sup>mul</sup>˹gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub>˺ [...] = <sup>mul</sup>˹gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub>˺ [ur. idim] "The left paw [of the Mad Dog]" (ζ<sub>2</sub> Sco), [...] = [<sup>mul</sup>šu zag ur.idim] "[The right hand of the Mad Dog] (χ Lup).		* §Z. <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag gu<sub>4</sub>. alim <sup>mul</sup>˹gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub>˺ [...] "Buffalo's right leg (κ Oph), left leg [...] (ζ2 Sco), [...] (χ Lup) [...] [Walker 1995, 35; ASM, 107]; according to [Koch 1995, 47, 60]: <sup>mul</sup>˹gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub>˺ [...] = <sup>mul</sup>˹gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub>˺ [ur. idim] "The left paw [of the Mad Dog]" (ζ<sub>2</sub> Sco), [...] = [<sup>mul</sup>šu zag ur.idim] "[The right hand of the Mad Dog] (χ Lup).
	* §AA. <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub> ˹ur.idim˺ [...] gan<sub>2</sub> gim u<sub>2</sub> 2 dal.ba.an.na [dal.ba.an.na ...] "Left leg of ~~Bison~~ (σ Oph), left paw of the Mad Dog (ζ<sub>2</sub> Sco), [...] [... stars]. Field ... 2 intervals, [interval ...]" [Walker 1995, 35; ASM, 108]; according to [Koch 1995, 47-48, 60]: [...] = [<sup>mul</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> ur.idim] "Mad Dog's left arm]" (θ Lup).		* §AA. <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub> ˹ur.idim˺ [...] gan<sub>2</sub> gim u<sub>2</sub> 2 dal.ba.an.na [dal.ba.an.na ...] "Left leg of Buffalo (σ Oph), left paw of the Mad Dog (ζ<sub>2</sub> Sco), [...] [... stars]. Field ... 2 intervals, [interval ...]" [Walker 1995, 35; ASM, 108]; according to [Koch 1995, 47-48, 60]: [...] = [<sup>mul</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> ur.idim] "Mad Dog's left arm]" (θ Lup).
	* §f.		* §f.
	** a) <sup>mul</sup>˹mu˺[rub<sub>4</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim]<sup>?</sup> "Cen[ter of the ~~Bison~~]" (γ Oph),		** a) <sup>mul</sup>˹mu˺[rub<sub>4</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim]<sup>?</sup> "Cen[ter of the Buffalo]" (γ Oph),
	** b) [<sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag]<sup>?</sup> ˹gu<sub>4</sub>˺.alim "[Right leg] of the ~~Bison~~" (κ Oph), see (Kurtik g19) [[GIR2.TAB\|GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB]].		** b) [<sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag]<sup>?</sup> ˹gu<sub>4</sub>˺.alim "[Right leg] of the Buffalo" (κ Oph), see (Kurtik g19) [[GIR2.TAB\|GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB]].
	* §g. <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag g[u<sub>4</sub>.alim] "the right leg of Z[ubr]" (κ Oph), see (Kurtik h03) ''[[Ḫaniš]]''.		* §g. <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag g[u<sub>4</sub>.alim] "the right leg of Z[ubr]" (κ Oph), see (Kurtik h03) ''[[Ḫaniš]]''.
	* §h. <sup>mul</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim "the left hand of Zubr" (Ser d), see (Kurtik g19) [[GIR2.TAB\|GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB]].		* §h. <sup>mul</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim "the left hand of Zubr" (Ser d), see (Kurtik g19) [[GIR2.TAB\|GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB]].
	* §j. <sup>mul</sup>sag gu<sub>4</sub>.alim "~~Bison~~'s head" (η Ser?), see (Kurtik g19) [[GIR2.TAB\|GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB]].		* §j. <sup>mul</sup>sag gu<sub>4</sub>.alim "Buffalo's head" (η Ser?), see (Kurtik g19) [[GIR2.TAB\|GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB]].
	* §k. ˹<sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.alim˺ (η Ser), see (Kurtik z01) [[ZA.BA4.BA4\|ZA.BA<sub>4</sub>.BA<sub>4</sub>]].		* §k. ˹<sup>mul</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>.alim˺ (η Ser), see (Kurtik z01) [[ZA.BA4.BA4\|ZA.BA<sub>4</sub>.BA<sub>4</sub>]].
	* §n.		* §n.
	** a) <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> z[ag gu<sub>4</sub>.alim] "Ri[ght] leg [of the ~~Bison~~]" (κ Oph),		** a) <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> z[ag gu<sub>4</sub>.alim] "Ri[ght] leg [of the Buffalo]" (κ Oph),
	** b) <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag ˹gu<sub>4</sub>.alim˺ ''maḫ''-[''ru''] "Right leg of the ~~Bison~~ fir[st]", see (Kurtik u21) [[UR.IDIM]].		** b) <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> zag ˹gu<sub>4</sub>.alim˺ ''maḫ''-[''ru''] "Right leg of the Buffalo fir[st]", see (Kurtik u21) [[UR.IDIM]].
	* §s. <sup>mul</sup>sag gu<sub>4</sub>.a[lim] mul.meš murub<sub>4</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> gu[b<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>].˹alim˺ <sup>mul</sup>muru[b<sub>4</sub> x x] x 4 mul.meš gu si.sa<sub>2</sub> dub<sub>2</sub>.ba "The head of the B[ison] (η Ser? ), stars in the middle of the ~~Bison~~ (βγ Oph), le[ft] leg of the [Bis]on (σ Oph!), middle[on x x] x: 4 stars. Straight tight rope." [Walker 1995, 39; ASM, 110]; here, <sup>mul</sup>muru[b<sub>4</sub> x x] x = <sup>mul</sup>muru[b<sub>4</sub> sa.r]˹i˺ "Midd[le of the Wild Ca]t" (η Tel), cf. [Koch 1995, 50, 62].		* §s. <sup>mul</sup>sag gu<sub>4</sub>.a[lim] mul.meš murub<sub>4</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> gu[b<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>].˹alim˺ <sup>mul</sup>muru[b<sub>4</sub> x x] x 4 mul.meš gu si.sa<sub>2</sub> dub<sub>2</sub>.ba "The head of the B[ison] (η Ser? ), stars in the middle of the Buffalo (βγ Oph), le[ft] leg of the [Bis]on (σ Oph!), middle[on x x] x: 4 stars. Straight tight rope." [Walker 1995, 39; ASM, 110]; here, <sup>mul</sup>muru[b<sub>4</sub> x x] x = <sup>mul</sup>muru[b<sub>4</sub> sa.r]˹i˺ "Midd[le of the Wild Ca]t" (η Tel), cf. [Koch 1995, 50, 62].
	* §t. <sup>mul</sup>šu zag gu<sub>4</sub>.alim <sup>mul</sup>''Šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ur''<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>˹''Šar''<sub>2</sub>-''gaz''˺ ''u'' <sup>˹mul˺</sup>''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag ˹3˺ mul.meš gu si.sa<sub>2</sub> dub<sub>2</sub>.ba 2 dal.ba.an.na dal.ba.an.na <sup>mul</sup>šu zag gu<sub>4</sub>. alim ''maḫ-ru'' "The right hand of the ~~Bison~~ (ζ Ser), Sharur (λ Sco), Shargaz (υ Sco) and the sting of Pabilsag (α CrA): 3 stars. A straight tight rope. 2 interval, interval. ~~Bison~~'s right hand first." [Walker 1995, 39-40; Koch 1995, 50, 62; ASM, 110].		* §t. <sup>mul</sup>šu zag gu<sub>4</sub>.alim <sup>mul</sup>''Šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ur''<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>˹''Šar''<sub>2</sub>-''gaz''˺ ''u'' <sup>˹mul˺</sup>''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil.sag ˹3˺ mul.meš gu si.sa<sub>2</sub> dub<sub>2</sub>.ba 2 dal.ba.an.na dal.ba.an.na <sup>mul</sup>šu zag gu<sub>4</sub>. alim ''maḫ-ru'' "The right hand of the Buffalo (ζ Ser), Sharur (λ Sco), Shargaz (υ Sco) and the sting of Pabilsag (α CrA): 3 stars. A straight tight rope. 2 interval, interval. Buffalo's right hand first." [Walker 1995, 39-40; Koch 1995, 50, 62; ASM, 110].
	* §u. <sup>[mu]l</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim <sup>d</sup>li<sub>9</sub>.si<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>zi.ba.an.na igi-u<sub>2</sub> 3 mul.meš sag.du<sub>3</sub> "Left hand of ~~Bison~~ (ζ Ser), Lisi (α Sco), front (star) of Libra (α Lib): 3 stars. Triangle." [Walker 1995, 40; ASM, 110]; according to [Koch 1995, 50, 62 Anm. 25], instead of <sup>[mu]l</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim (ζ Ser) should be <sup>[mu]l</sup>gir<sub>2</sub> gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim "Left leg of the ~~Bison~~" (σ Oph).		* §u. <sup>[mu]l</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim <sup>d</sup>li<sub>9</sub>.si<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>zi.ba.an.na igi-u<sub>2</sub> 3 mul.meš sag.du<sub>3</sub> "Left hand of Buffalo (ζ Ser), Lisi (α Sco), front (star) of Libra (α Lib): 3 stars. Triangle." [Walker 1995, 40; ASM, 110]; according to [Koch 1995, 50, 62 Anm. 25], instead of <sup>[mu]l</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim (ζ Ser) should be <sup>[mu]l</sup>gir<sub>2</sub> gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim "Left leg of the Buffalo" (σ Oph).
	* §v. <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim "Left leg of the ~~Bison~~" (σ Oph!), see (Kurtik L07) [[LI9.SI4\|LI<sub>9</sub>.SI<sub>4</sub>]].		* §v. <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>3</sub> gub<sub>3</sub> gu<sub>4</sub>.alim "Left leg of the Buffalo" (σ Oph!), see (Kurtik L07) [[LI9.SI4\|LI<sub>9</sub>.SI<sub>4</sub>]].
	* §w. <sup>mul</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> [gu<sub>4</sub>.alim]? "The left hand [of the ~~Bison~~]" (Ser d), see (Kurtik u06) [[UD.KA.DU8.A\|UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A]].		* §w. <sup>mul</sup>šu gub<sub>3</sub> [gu<sub>4</sub>.alim]? "The left hand [of the Buffalo]" (Ser d), see (Kurtik u06) [[UD.KA.DU8.A\|UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A]].
	\|see Hoffmann (future book)		\|see Hoffmann (future book)
	\|}		\|}
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	==== Parts of the constellation and individual stars. ====		==== Parts of the constellation and individual stars. ====
	(1) MUL GIR<sub>3</sub> ZAG GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM "The right leg of the ~~Bison~~" (κ Ophiuchi), see dbn-text (§§ f?, g, n).		(1) MUL GIR<sub>3</sub> ZAG GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM "The right leg of the Buffalo" (κ Ophiuchi), see dbn-text (§§ f?, g, n).

	(2) MUL GIR<sub>3</sub> GUB<sub>3</sub> GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM "Left leg of ~~Bison~~" (σ Ophiuchi), dbn-text (§§ s, v).		(2) MUL GIR<sub>3</sub> GUB<sub>3</sub> GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM "Left leg of Buffalo" (σ Ophiuchi), dbn-text (§§ s, v).

	(3) MUL SAG GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM "~~Bison~~'s head" (η Serpentis), see dbn-text (§§ j, s).		(3) MUL SAG GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM "Buffalo's head" (η Serpentis), see dbn-text (§§ j, s).

	(4) MUL.MEŠ MURUB<sub>4</sub> GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM "Stars in the middle of the ~~Bison~~" (β, γ Ophiuchi), see dbn-text (§§ s).		(4) MUL.MEŠ MURUB<sub>4</sub> GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM "Stars in the middle of the Buffalo" (β, γ Ophiuchi), see dbn-text (§§ s).

	(5) MUL ŠU ZAG GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM "Right hand of the ~~Bison~~" (ζ Serpentis), see dbn-text (§ t).		(5) MUL ŠU ZAG GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM "Right hand of the Buffalo" (ζ Serpentis), see dbn-text (§ t).

	(6) MUL ŠU GUB<sub>3</sub> GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM "Left hand of the ~~Bison~~" (Serpentis d), see dbn-text (§§ h, t, u, w?).		(6) MUL ŠU GUB<sub>3</sub> GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM "Left hand of the Buffalo" (Serpentis d), see dbn-text (§§ h, t, u, w?).

	Surprisingly, this ancient constellation is not mentioned in the EAE series texts.		Surprisingly, this ancient constellation is not mentioned in the EAE series texts.