Guqi - Revision history

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2026-06-25T15:20:10Z

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YoulaAzkarrula at 05:55, 20 June 2026

2026-06-20T05:55:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:55, 20 June 2026
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	[[Category:East Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]		[[Category:East Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Chinese ]]		[[Category:Chinese ]]
	[[Category:IAU-Star Name]]		[[Category:IAU-Star Name]] [[Category:Star Name]] [[Category:Aql]]

Boshunyang at 16:33, 19 June 2026

2026-06-19T16:33:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:33, 19 June 2026
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	Gǔ Qí (Drum Flag, 鼓旗) is a Chinese asterism consisting of nine stars located in the modern constellation ''[[Aquila]]''. It originated no later than about 100 BCE and lies to the right of ''Hé Gǔ'' (Drum at the River, 河鼓).		Gǔ Qí (Drum Flag, 鼓旗) is a Chinese asterism consisting of nine stars located in the modern constellation ''[[Aquila]]''. It originated no later than about 100 BCE and lies to the right of ''Hé Gǔ'' (Drum at the River, 河鼓).
	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
	Drums and Flags were instruments used by ancient armies to transmit signals and direct combat. The ''Sunzi bingfa'' (''Art of War'', 孫子兵法) states:<blockquote>[[File:Gong-and-Drum Flag illustration from the 1621 (Tianqi 1) engraved edition of the Wubei zhi (AI-enhanced and annotated).png\|thumb\|'''Fig 1. Gong-and-Drum Flag illustration from the 1621 (Tianqi 1) ~~engraved~~ edition of the ''Wubei zhi'' (AI-enhanced and annotated)''']]“The ''Military Regulations'' says: ‘If speech cannot be heard, use (metal) gongs and drums; if sight cannot reach, use banners and flags.’ Gongs and drums, banners and flags, are the means by which people’s eyes and ears are unified. When the troops are unified, the brave cannot advance alone and the timid cannot retreat alone—this is the method of employing the masses. Therefore, night battles rely on gongs and drums, and day battles on banners and flags, thereby transforming the soldiers’ senses.”[[File:Shang-dynasty bronze drum with divine-figure motif, in the collection of the Sen-oku Hakukokan Museum, Japan.jpg\|thumb\|'''Fig 2. Shang-dynasty bronze drum with divine-figure motif, in the collection of the Sen-oku Hakukokan Museum, Japan''']][[File:Mural from Tomb No. 1 at Beiyuan, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province (3rd century).jpg\|thumb\|'''Fig 3. Mural from Tomb No. 1 at Beiyuan, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province (3rd century)''']][[File:Line drawing of the Mural from Tomb No. 1 at Beiyuan, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province (3rd century), exhibited in the Liaoyang Museum.jpg\|thumb\|'''Fig 4. Line drawing of the Mural from Tomb No. 1 at Beiyuan, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province (3rd century), exhibited in the Liaoyang Museum.''' The flags are above Tower Pavilion.]]</blockquote>In the name He-Gu, ''Gu'' refers to the great war drum, while ''He'' denotes the Heavenly River (the Milky Way), indicating its position besides the Milky Way. The drum was not merely a musical instrument but a military command device and a means of encouraging morale: drums signaled attack, whereas metal gongs signaled withdrawal or defensive formation(Fig. 1). Archaeological proof indicates that drums had already existed at least by the Shang Dynasty (Fig. 2).		Drums and Flags were instruments used by ancient armies to transmit signals and direct combat. The ''Sunzi bingfa'' (''Art of War'', 孫子兵法) states:<blockquote>[[File:Gong-and-Drum Flag illustration from the 1621 (Tianqi 1) engraved edition of the Wubei zhi (AI-enhanced and annotated).png\|thumb\|'''Fig 1. Gong-and-Drum Flag illustration from the 1621 (Tianqi 1) printed edition of the ''Wubei zhi'' (AI-enhanced and annotated)''']]“The ''Military Regulations'' says: ‘If speech cannot be heard, use (metal) gongs and drums; if sight cannot reach, use banners and flags.’ Gongs and drums, banners and flags, are the means by which people’s eyes and ears are unified. When the troops are unified, the brave cannot advance alone and the timid cannot retreat alone—this is the method of employing the masses. Therefore, night battles rely on gongs and drums, and day battles on banners and flags, thereby transforming the soldiers’ senses.”[[File:Shang-dynasty bronze drum with divine-figure motif, in the collection of the Sen-oku Hakukokan Museum, Japan.jpg\|thumb\|'''Fig 2. Shang-dynasty bronze drum with divine-figure motif, in the collection of the Sen-oku Hakukokan Museum, Japan''']][[File:Mural from Tomb No. 1 at Beiyuan, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province (3rd century).jpg\|thumb\|'''Fig 3. Mural from Tomb No. 1 at Beiyuan, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province (3rd century)''']][[File:Line drawing of the Mural from Tomb No. 1 at Beiyuan, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province (3rd century), exhibited in the Liaoyang Museum.jpg\|thumb\|'''Fig 4. Line drawing of the Mural from Tomb No. 1 at Beiyuan, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province (3rd century), exhibited in the Liaoyang Museum.''' The flags are above Tower Pavilion.]]</blockquote>In the name He-Gu, ''Gu'' refers to the great war drum, while ''He'' denotes the Heavenly River (the Milky Way), indicating its position besides the Milky Way. The drum was not merely a musical instrument but a military command device and a means of encouraging morale: drums signaled attack, whereas metal gongs signaled withdrawal or defensive formation(Fig. 1). Archaeological proof indicates that drums had already existed at least by the Shang Dynasty (Fig. 2).

	In Sima Qian(145 or 135 BCE - ?)’s ''Tianguan shu'' (''Book of Heaven Officials'', 天官書), only ''Hegu'' is mentioned and not the Flag, suggesting that the latter was added later. The name ''Gu-Qi'' implies a close association with ''Hegu'', and the Shi school treated the two as a related group of asterisms. However, ''Guqi'' was renamed ''Youqi'' (Right Flag, 右旗) in later times to maintain symmetry since the Gan school introduced the asterism ''[[Zuoqi]]'' (Left Flag, 左旗).		In Sima Qian(145 or 135 BCE - ?)’s ''Tianguan shu'' (''Book of Heaven Officials'', 天官書), only ''Hegu'' is mentioned and not the Flag, suggesting that the latter was added later. The name ''Gu-Qi'' implies a close association with ''Hegu'', and the Shi school treated the two as a related group of asterisms. However, ''Guqi'' was renamed ''Youqi'' (Right Flag, 右旗) in later times to maintain symmetry since the Gan school introduced the asterism ''[[Zuoqi]]'' (Left Flag, 左旗).

Boshunyang at 16:28, 19 June 2026

2026-06-19T16:28:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:28, 19 June 2026
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	Gǔ Qí (Drum Flag, 鼓旗) is a Chinese asterism consisting of nine stars located in the modern constellation ''[[Aquila]]''. It originated no later than about 100 BCE and lies to the right of ''Hé Gǔ'' (Drum at the River, 河鼓).		Gǔ Qí (Drum Flag, 鼓旗) is a Chinese asterism consisting of nine stars located in the modern constellation ''[[Aquila]]''. It originated no later than about 100 BCE and lies to the right of ''Hé Gǔ'' (Drum at the River, 河鼓).
	== Concordance, Etymology, History ==		== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
	Drums and Flags were instruments used by ancient armies to transmit signals and direct combat. The ''Sunzi bingfa'' (''Art of War'', 孫子兵法) states:<blockquote>“The ''Military Regulations'' says: ‘If speech cannot be heard, use (metal) gongs and drums; if sight cannot reach, use banners and flags.’ Gongs and drums, banners and flags, are the means by which people’s eyes and ears are unified. When the troops are unified, the brave cannot advance alone and the timid cannot retreat alone—this is the method of employing the masses. Therefore, night battles rely on gongs and drums, and day battles on banners and flags, thereby transforming the soldiers’ senses.”[[File:Shang-dynasty bronze drum with divine-figure motif, in the collection of the Sen-oku Hakukokan Museum, Japan.jpg\|thumb\|'''Fig 1. Shang-dynasty bronze drum with divine-figure motif, in the collection of the Sen-oku Hakukokan Museum, Japan''']][[File:Mural from Tomb No. 1 at Beiyuan, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province (3rd century).jpg\|thumb\|'''Fig 2. Mural from Tomb No. 1 at Beiyuan, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province (3rd century)''']][[File:Line drawing of the Mural from Tomb No. 1 at Beiyuan, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province (3rd century), exhibited in the Liaoyang Museum.jpg\|thumb\|'''Fig 3. Line drawing of the Mural from Tomb No. 1 at Beiyuan, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province (3rd century), exhibited in the Liaoyang Museum.''' The flags are above Tower Pavilion.]]</blockquote>In the name He-Gu, ''Gu'' refers to the great war drum, while ''He'' denotes the Heavenly River (the Milky Way), indicating its position besides the Milky Way. The drum was not merely a musical instrument but a military command device and a means of encouraging morale: drums signaled attack, whereas metal gongs signaled withdrawal or defensive formation. Archaeological proof indicates that drums had already existed at least by the Shang Dynasty (Fig. 1).		Drums and Flags were instruments used by ancient armies to transmit signals and direct combat. The ''Sunzi bingfa'' (''Art of War'', 孫子兵法) states:<blockquote>[[File:Gong-and-Drum Flag illustration from the 1621 (Tianqi 1) engraved edition of the Wubei zhi (AI-enhanced and annotated).png\|thumb\|'''Fig 1. Gong-and-Drum Flag illustration from the 1621 (Tianqi 1) engraved edition of the ''Wubei zhi'' (AI-enhanced and annotated)''']]“The ''Military Regulations'' says: ‘If speech cannot be heard, use (metal) gongs and drums; if sight cannot reach, use banners and flags.’ Gongs and drums, banners and flags, are the means by which people’s eyes and ears are unified. When the troops are unified, the brave cannot advance alone and the timid cannot retreat alone—this is the method of employing the masses. Therefore, night battles rely on gongs and drums, and day battles on banners and flags, thereby transforming the soldiers’ senses.”[[File:Shang-dynasty bronze drum with divine-figure motif, in the collection of the Sen-oku Hakukokan Museum, Japan.jpg\|thumb\|'''Fig 2. Shang-dynasty bronze drum with divine-figure motif, in the collection of the Sen-oku Hakukokan Museum, Japan''']][[File:Mural from Tomb No. 1 at Beiyuan, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province (3rd century).jpg\|thumb\|'''Fig 3. Mural from Tomb No. 1 at Beiyuan, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province (3rd century)''']][[File:Line drawing of the Mural from Tomb No. 1 at Beiyuan, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province (3rd century), exhibited in the Liaoyang Museum.jpg\|thumb\|'''Fig 4. Line drawing of the Mural from Tomb No. 1 at Beiyuan, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province (3rd century), exhibited in the Liaoyang Museum.''' The flags are above Tower Pavilion.]]</blockquote>In the name He-Gu, ''Gu'' refers to the great war drum, while ''He'' denotes the Heavenly River (the Milky Way), indicating its position besides the Milky Way. The drum was not merely a musical instrument but a military command device and a means of encouraging morale: drums signaled attack, whereas metal gongs signaled withdrawal or defensive formation(Fig. 1). Archaeological proof indicates that drums had already existed at least by the Shang Dynasty (Fig. 2).

	In Sima Qian(145 or 135 BCE - ?)’s ''Tianguan shu'' (''Book of Heaven Officials'', 天官書), only ''Hegu'' is mentioned and not the Flag, suggesting that the latter was added later. The name ''Gu-Qi'' implies a close association with ''Hegu'', and the Shi school treated the two as a related group of asterisms. However, ''Guqi'' was renamed ''Youqi'' (Right Flag, 右旗) in later times to maintain symmetry since the Gan school introduced the asterism ''Zuoqi'' (Left Flag, 左旗).		In Sima Qian(145 or 135 BCE - ?)’s ''Tianguan shu'' (''Book of Heaven Officials'', 天官書), only ''Hegu'' is mentioned and not the Flag, suggesting that the latter was added later. The name ''Gu-Qi'' implies a close association with ''Hegu'', and the Shi school treated the two as a related group of asterisms. However, ''Guqi'' was renamed ''Youqi'' (Right Flag, 右旗) in later times to maintain symmetry since the Gan school introduced the asterism ''[[Zuoqi]]'' (Left Flag, 左旗).

	Ancient banners differed significantly from modern ones and were divided into multiple categories. In the pre-Qin (before 220 BCE) period, nine types were distinguished. The ''Zhōu lǐ'' (''Rites of Zhou'', 周禮) describes a system of nine banners (''jiǔ qí''):		Ancient banners differed significantly from modern ones and were divided into multiple categories. In the pre-Qin (before 220 BCE) period, nine types were distinguished. The ''Zhōu lǐ'' (''Rites of Zhou'', 周禮) describes a system of nine banners (''jiǔ qí''):
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	(9) ''Jīng'' (with split feathers)		(9) ''Jīng'' (with split feathers)

	The Han dynasty(202 BCE - 220 CE) system may have differed somewhat. Structurally, the “''Qí''旗” consisted of a pole (''gān''竿), the main cloth panel (''shān''縿), a long streamer (''yóu''斿) attached at the top , and a serrated fringe along the side edge. <ref>Sun Ji孙机. Handai wuzhi wenhua ziliao tushuo（xiuding ben）汉代物质文化资料图说（修订本）. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju. 2020. Pp. 187-191.</ref> A mural in the Beiyuan Han tomb at Liaoyang, Liaoning, depicts such flags mounted atop a tower pavilion (Fig 2 and Fig 3).		The Han dynasty(202 BCE - 220 CE) system may have differed somewhat. Structurally, the “''Qí''旗” consisted of a pole (''gān''竿), the main cloth panel (''shān''縿), a long streamer (''yóu''斿) attached at the top , and a serrated fringe along the side edge. <ref>Sun Ji孙机. Handai wuzhi wenhua ziliao tushuo（xiuding ben）汉代物质文化资料图说（修订本）. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju. 2020. Pp. 187-191.</ref> A mural in the Beiyuan Han tomb at Liaoyang, Liaoning, depicts such flags mounted atop a tower pavilion (Fig 3 and Fig 4).

	=== Identification of stars ===		=== Identification of stars ===

Sushoff: /* IAU Working Group on Star Names */

2026-06-19T15:49:20Z

IAU Working Group on Star Names

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:49, 19 June 2026
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	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
	In 2026, the name of the historical constellation Gǔ Qí (Drum Flag, 鼓旗), which is also called ''Youqi'' (Right Flag, 右旗), was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. Guqi ''(Drum Flag)or Youqi'' (Right Flag) underwent several revisions, nevertheless, it consistently included ~~delta~~ Aquilae as its most bright star and sometimes the determinative star (There is an observed coordinate from 1052CE, in the middle picture of row 4 in the gallary above). So it is the best star for this constellation. If not available, mu Aquilae could be an alternative.		In 2026, the name of the historical constellation Gǔ Qí (Drum Flag, 鼓旗), which is also called ''Youqi'' (Right Flag, 右旗), was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. Guqi ''(Drum Flag)or Youqi'' (Right Flag) underwent several revisions, nevertheless, it consistently included Delta Aquilae as its most bright star and sometimes the determinative star (There is an observed coordinate from 1052CE, in the middle picture of row 4 in the gallary above). So it is the best star for this constellation. If not available, mu Aquilae could be an alternative.

	Decision: ...		Decision: The IAU adopted the name Guqi for δ Aql on 18 June 2026.

	==References ==		==References ==

Sushoff at 15:41, 19 June 2026

2026-06-19T15:41:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:41, 19 June 2026
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	[[Category:East Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]		[[Category:East Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Chinese ]]		[[Category:Chinese ]]
			[[Category:IAU-Star Name]]

YoulaAzkarrula at 07:09, 20 May 2026

2026-05-20T07:09:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:09, 20 May 2026
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	[[Category:Constellation ]]		[[Category:Constellation ]]
	[[Category:Eurasia]]		[[Category:Eurasia]]
	[[Category:East Asian]]		[[Category:East Asian]] [[Category:Asian]]
	[[Category:Chinese ]]		[[Category:Chinese ]]

Boshunyang: /* IAU Working Group on Star Names */

2026-03-06T09:12:21Z

IAU Working Group on Star Names

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:12, 6 March 2026
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	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
	In 2026, the name of the historical constellation Gǔ Qí (Drum Flag, 鼓旗), which is also called ''Youqi'' (Right Flag, 右旗), was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. Guqi ''(Drum Flag)or Youqi'' (Right Flag) underwent several revisions, nevertheless, it consistently included delta Aquilae as its most bright star and sometimes the determinative star (There is an observed coordinate from 1052CE, the middle picture of row 4 in the gallary above). So it is the best star for this constellation. If not available, mu Aquilae could be an alternative.		In 2026, the name of the historical constellation Gǔ Qí (Drum Flag, 鼓旗), which is also called ''Youqi'' (Right Flag, 右旗), was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. Guqi ''(Drum Flag)or Youqi'' (Right Flag) underwent several revisions, nevertheless, it consistently included delta Aquilae as its most bright star and sometimes the determinative star (There is an observed coordinate from 1052CE, in the middle picture of row 4 in the gallary above). So it is the best star for this constellation. If not available, mu Aquilae could be an alternative.

	Decision: ...		Decision: ...

Boshunyang: /* IAU Working Group on Star Names */

2026-03-06T09:12:07Z

IAU Working Group on Star Names

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:12, 6 March 2026
Line 174:		Line 174:

	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
	In 2026, the name of the historical constellation Gǔ Qí (Drum Flag, 鼓旗), which is also called ''Youqi'' (Right Flag, 右旗), was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. Guqi ''(Drum Flag)or Youqi'' (Right Flag) underwent several revisions, nevertheless, it consistently included delta Aquilae as its most bright star and sometimes the determinative star (There ~~was a~~ observed coordinate from 1052CE, the middle picture of row 4 in the gallary above). So it is the best star for this constellation. If not available, mu Aquilae could be an alternative.		In 2026, the name of the historical constellation Gǔ Qí (Drum Flag, 鼓旗), which is also called ''Youqi'' (Right Flag, 右旗), was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. Guqi ''(Drum Flag)or Youqi'' (Right Flag) underwent several revisions, nevertheless, it consistently included delta Aquilae as its most bright star and sometimes the determinative star (There is an observed coordinate from 1052CE, the middle picture of row 4 in the gallary above). So it is the best star for this constellation. If not available, mu Aquilae could be an alternative.

	Decision: ...		Decision: ...

Boshunyang: /* IAU Working Group on Star Names */

2026-03-06T09:11:20Z

IAU Working Group on Star Names

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:11, 6 March 2026
Line 174:		Line 174:

	== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==		== IAU Working Group on Star Names ==
	In 2026, the name of the historical constellation Gǔ Qí (Drum Flag, 鼓旗), which is also called ''Youqi'' (Right Flag, 右旗), was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. Guqi ''(Drum Flag)or Youqi'' (Right Flag) underwent several revisions, nevertheless, it consistently included delta Aquilae as its most bright star and sometimes the determinative star. So it is the best star for this constellation. If not available, mu Aquilae could be an alternative.		In 2026, the name of the historical constellation Gǔ Qí (Drum Flag, 鼓旗), which is also called ''Youqi'' (Right Flag, 右旗), was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. Guqi ''(Drum Flag)or Youqi'' (Right Flag) underwent several revisions, nevertheless, it consistently included delta Aquilae as its most bright star and sometimes the determinative star (There was a observed coordinate from 1052CE, the middle picture of row 4 in the gallary above). So it is the best star for this constellation. If not available, mu Aquilae could be an alternative.

	Decision: ...		Decision: ...