PA.BIL.SAG - Revision history

Sushoff at 11:30, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T11:30:52Z

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	\| bordering = Sgr, CrA, Ara, Tel		\| bordering = Sgr, CrA, Ara, Tel
	\| notes =		\| notes =
			\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}

Sushoff at 09:49, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T09:49:52Z

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	[[File:Pabilsag stellarium2025.jpg\|thumb\|Pabilsag, Mesopotamian God, in boat. his torso in the Milky Way.]]		[[File:Pabilsag stellarium2025.jpg\|thumb\|Pabilsag, Mesopotamian God, in boat. his torso in the Milky Way.]]
			{{Infobox constellation
			\| name = 𒉺 𒉋𒊕 (PA.BIL.SAG)
			\| native = 𒉺 𒉋𒊕
			\| translation = God Pabilsang
			\| pronounce = PA.BIL.SAG (Pabilsaĝ)
			\| IPA = /pa.bil.saŋ/
			\| culture = Babylonia
			\| RA = 271.4520337 to 300.8894443
			\| dec = -50.09147988 to -21.02361398
			\| areatotal = 676.96
			\| numbermainstars = 171
			\| numberbfstars = 125
			\| numberstarsplanets =
			\| numberbrightstars = 7
			\| numbernearbystars =
			\| brighteststarname = Kaus Australis
			\| starmagnitude = 1.81
			\| neareststarname =
			\| stardistance =
			\| numbermessierobjects =
			\| meteorshowers =
			\| bordering = Sgr, CrA, Ara, Tel
			\| notes =
			}}

	<sup>mul / d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG (𒀯𒉺𒉈𒊕) <s>ןד</s> is an Ancient Mesopotamian asterism corresponding to [[Sagittarius\|Sagittarius,]] [[Ophiuchus]], and perhaps [[Serpens]] [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 358]. The luminous area of the constellation where it crosses the Milky Way is known as the ''[[Mišḫu\|mišhu]]'' of Pabilsag ([[Mišiḫ dPA.BIL.SAG\|Mišiḫ <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG]]). See also [[BURRUM AN.NA]].		<sup>mul / d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG (𒀯𒉺𒉈𒊕) <s>ןד</s> is an Ancient Mesopotamian asterism corresponding to [[Sagittarius\|Sagittarius,]] [[Ophiuchus]], and perhaps [[Serpens]] [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 358]. The luminous area of the constellation where it crosses the Milky Way is known as the ''[[Mišḫu\|mišhu]]'' of Pabilsag ([[Mišiḫ dPA.BIL.SAG\|Mišiḫ <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG]]). See also [[BURRUM AN.NA]].

Sushoff at 07:10, 6 June 2026

2026-06-06T07:10:30Z

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	* <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag		* <sup>mul</sup>pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag
	* "Pabilsag," lit. "Elder, Priest";		* "Pabilsag," lit. "Elder, Priest";
			<gallery>
	Ungnad 2014 attempted to read Sumerian pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag as sig<sub>3</sub>.gi<sub>9</sub>.sag = Akkadian ''māḫiṣ uṣṣi'', lit. "the one who strikes with an arrow, an archer." [Ungnad 1941-44,<ref name=":1">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref> 257, note 48], depicts this deity on kudurru and seals as a bow-shooting centaur. However, the Akkadian ''māḫiṣ uṣṣi'' as a name or an epithet of Pabilsag is, to our knowledge, not attested. See also [Krebernik 2003-5, 61].		File:Detail, Kudurru of Ritti-Marduk, from Sippar, Iraq, 1125-1104 BCE. British Museum.jpg\|Pabilsag and wife Gula on kudurru of Ritti-Marduk from Sippar, Iraq ~1115 BCE
			File:Plates 0096 W 1882-0522-1800.jpg\|Pabilsag on a kudurru
			File:Sgr Pabilsag seal Wallenfels1993.png\|Pabilsag in the zodiac sign Sgr on Mesopotamian seal print, Wallenfels (1993).
			File:Pabilsag, ancêtre mésopotamien du Sagittaire,.jpg\|Pabilsag as drawn by Laffitte (2025)
			</gallery>Ungnad 2014 attempted to read Sumerian pa.bil<sub>2</sub>.sag as sig<sub>3</sub>.gi<sub>9</sub>.sag = Akkadian ''māḫiṣ uṣṣi'', lit. "the one who strikes with an arrow, an archer." [Ungnad 1941-44,<ref name=":1">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref> 257, note 48], depicts this deity on kudurru and seals as a bow-shooting centaur. However, the Akkadian ''māḫiṣ uṣṣi'' as a name or an epithet of Pabilsag is, to our knowledge, not attested. See also [Krebernik 2003-5, 61].

	The god Pabilsaĝ, city god of Larak, was identified with Ninurta, particularly in his role as the husband of the healing goddess Gula. <sup>mul</sup>''Pa-bíl-saĝ'' (EA 14r).<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>		The god Pabilsaĝ, city god of Larak, was identified with Ninurta, particularly in his role as the husband of the healing goddess Gula. <sup>mul</sup>''Pa-bíl-saĝ'' (EA 14r).<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref>

Sushoff: /* Stars within the Constellation Area */

2026-06-06T07:07:11Z

Stars within the Constellation Area

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	** (b) W 22704 (recipe for making ointment + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(= ŠU) 11 // PA 17 // ''qaqqad''(SAG.DU) ''an-zi-i kappi''(PA) ''an-zi-i u dām''(UŠ<sub>2</sub>) MIN(= ''an-zi-i'') MIN (= ''tapašššaš'') "Duuzu 11 // Sagittarius 170 // Anzu's (bird) head, Anzu's wing and Anzu's blood you smear" [SpTU III<ref name=":3" />, 104: 11, and also 104:24]; for a parallel for the month of arahsamnu see. W 22619/9+ [SpTU III<ref name=":3" />, 105:8, 21].		** (b) W 22704 (recipe for making ointment + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(= ŠU) 11 // PA 17 // ''qaqqad''(SAG.DU) ''an-zi-i kappi''(PA) ''an-zi-i u dām''(UŠ<sub>2</sub>) MIN(= ''an-zi-i'') MIN (= ''tapašššaš'') "Duuzu 11 // Sagittarius 170 // Anzu's (bird) head, Anzu's wing and Anzu's blood you smear" [SpTU III<ref name=":3" />, 104: 11, and also 104:24]; for a parallel for the month of arahsamnu see. W 22619/9+ [SpTU III<ref name=":3" />, 105:8, 21].
	* (4) Zodiacal astrology. KI <sup>múl</sup>PA UD<sup>meš</sup> DU<sub>10</sub><sup>me</sup> UŠ<sub>2</sub> ZU:AB "Region of Sagittarius: good days, death in the oceans" [SpTU II<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil II / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1983.</ref>, 43: 25; Hunger 1996]; for a parallel see. [TU<ref name=":13" />, 14: 24; Sachs 1952<ref name=":14" />, 66, 68; LBAT<ref name=":6" />, 1600 obv. 11'], see also [Emelyanov 1999<ref name=":11" />, 192].		* (4) Zodiacal astrology. KI <sup>múl</sup>PA UD<sup>meš</sup> DU<sub>10</sub><sup>me</sup> UŠ<sub>2</sub> ZU:AB "Region of Sagittarius: good days, death in the oceans" [SpTU II<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil II / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1983.</ref>, 43: 25; Hunger 1996]; for a parallel see. [TU<ref name=":13" />, 14: 24; Sachs 1952<ref name=":14" />, 66, 68; LBAT<ref name=":6" />, 1600 obv. 11'], see also [Emelyanov 1999<ref name=":11" />, 192].
	\|		\|[[File:Sgr Pabilsag seal Wallenfels1993.png\|thumb\|Pabilsag in the zodiac sign of Sagittarius on Mesopotamian seal print, Wallenfels (1993).]]
	\|}		\|}

Sushoff at 11:23, 2 June 2026

2026-06-02T11:23:55Z

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	*[[References (Babylonian)\|Kurtik's references]]		*[[References (Babylonian)\|Kurtik's references]]

	~~[[Category:4workWayne]]~~

	[[Category:~~Mesopotamian~~]][[Category:~~Sumerian~~]][[Category:~~Constellation~~]][[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:~~Asian~~]] [[Category:~~Asterism~~]] [[Category:~~Eurasia~~]][[Category:~~Cuneiform~~]]		[[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Constellation]]
			[[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Asian]][[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Mesopotamian]]
			[[Category:Cuneiform]][[Category:Sumerian]]
			[[Category:Rubric]] [[Category:Lunar System]] [[Category:Zodiac]]

	[[Category:Sgr]][[Category:Ser]][[Category:Oph]]		[[Category:Sgr]][[Category:Ser]][[Category:Oph]]

YoulaAzkarrula at 11:42, 26 May 2026

2026-05-26T11:42:05Z

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	[[Category:4workWayne]]		[[Category:4workWayne]]

	[[Category:Mesopotamian]][[Category:Sumerian]][[Category:Constellation]][[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]][[Category:Sumerian]][[Category:Constellation]][[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Asian]] [[Category:Asterism]] [[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Cuneiform]]

	[[Category:Sgr]][[Category:Ser]][[Category:Oph]]		[[Category:Sgr]][[Category:Ser]][[Category:Oph]]

Sushoff at 05:44, 13 May 2026

2026-05-13T05:44:13Z

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	* (2) Dates of heliacal risings: 'on the 15th day of kislim' (I iii 6), see (Kurtik u06) [[UD.KA.DU8.A\|UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A]].		* (2) Dates of heliacal risings: 'on the 15th day of kislim' (I iii 6), see (Kurtik u06) [[UD.KA.DU8.A\|UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A]].
	* (3) Simultaneous diurnal risings and settings:		* (3) Simultaneous diurnal risings and settings:
	** a) <sup>mul</sup>SIPA.ZI.AN.NA KUR-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ŠU<sub>2</sub>-''bi'' 'The ~~True~~ Shepherd of Anu rises, Pabilsag sets' (I iii 16),		** a) <sup>mul</sup>SIPA.ZI.AN.NA KUR-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ŠU<sub>2</sub>-''bi'' 'The Faithful Shepherd of Anu rises, Pabilsag sets' (I iii 16),
	** b) (I iii 27), see (Kurtik b06) [[BAN\|<sup>giš</sup>BAN]].		** b) (I iii 27), see (Kurtik b06) [[BAN\|<sup>giš</sup>BAN]].
	* (4) Stars "in the path of the moon": <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG, after <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB, before <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub> (I iv 35).		* (4) Stars "in the path of the moon": <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG, after <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB, before <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUR.MAŠ<sub>2</sub> (I iv 35).
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	* (3) Calendrical-ritual texts.		* (3) Calendrical-ritual texts.
	** a) BM 34452+: [8 17 // 3 11 // ''Sin'' ...] ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>PA<sup>(?)</sup> / [KI M]UL<sub>2</sub>.SIP[A GUB] MAR<sub>2</sub>.DA.KI "[(Month) Abu 17 // simanu 11 // Moon ...] Pabilsag / [Region] of the True Sheph[erd] of Anu, [place] Marada".		** a) BM 34452+: [8 17 // 3 11 // ''Sin'' ...] ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>PA<sup>(?)</sup> / [KI M]UL<sub>2</sub>.SIP[A GUB] MAR<sub>2</sub>.DA.KI "[(Month) Abu 17 // simanu 11 // Moon ...] Pabilsag / [Region] of the True Sheph[erd] of Anu, [place] Marada".
	** (b) 9 15 // 3 15 // ''Sin ina'' EGIR <sup>múl</sup>PA KI / <sup>múl</sup>SIPA GUB ŠIR.BUR.[LA.KI] "Kislim 15 // siman 15 // Moon behind the region of Pabilsaga. / ~~True~~ Shepherd of Anu, place of Lagash" [LBAT<ref name=":6" />, 1586 + 1587; Hunger 1975<ref>''Hunger H.'' Noch ein "Kalendertext" // ZA. 1975. Bd. 65. S. 40-43.</ref>, 41, r. 1-2, 9-10].		** (b) 9 15 // 3 15 // ''Sin ina'' EGIR <sup>múl</sup>PA KI / <sup>múl</sup>SIPA GUB ŠIR.BUR.[LA.KI] "Kislim 15 // siman 15 // Moon behind the region of Pabilsaga. / Faithful Shepherd of Anu, place of Lagash" [LBAT<ref name=":6" />, 1586 + 1587; Hunger 1975<ref>''Hunger H.'' Noch ein "Kalendertext" // ZA. 1975. Bd. 65. S. 40-43.</ref>, 41, r. 1-2, 9-10].
	** (b) W 22704 (recipe for making ointment + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(= ŠU) 11 // PA 17 // ''qaqqad''(SAG.DU) ''an-zi-i kappi''(PA) ''an-zi-i u dām''(UŠ<sub>2</sub>) MIN(= ''an-zi-i'') MIN (= ''tapašššaš'') "Duuzu 11 // Sagittarius 170 // Anzu's (bird) head, Anzu's wing and Anzu's blood you smear" [SpTU III<ref name=":3" />, 104: 11, and also 104:24]; for a parallel for the month of arahsamnu see. W 22619/9+ [SpTU III<ref name=":3" />, 105:8, 21].		** (b) W 22704 (recipe for making ointment + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(= ŠU) 11 // PA 17 // ''qaqqad''(SAG.DU) ''an-zi-i kappi''(PA) ''an-zi-i u dām''(UŠ<sub>2</sub>) MIN(= ''an-zi-i'') MIN (= ''tapašššaš'') "Duuzu 11 // Sagittarius 170 // Anzu's (bird) head, Anzu's wing and Anzu's blood you smear" [SpTU III<ref name=":3" />, 104: 11, and also 104:24]; for a parallel for the month of arahsamnu see. W 22619/9+ [SpTU III<ref name=":3" />, 105:8, 21].
	* (4) Zodiacal astrology. KI <sup>múl</sup>PA UD<sup>meš</sup> DU<sub>10</sub><sup>me</sup> UŠ<sub>2</sub> ZU:AB "Region of Sagittarius: good days, death in the oceans" [SpTU II<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil II / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1983.</ref>, 43: 25; Hunger 1996]; for a parallel see. [TU<ref name=":13" />, 14: 24; Sachs 1952<ref name=":14" />, 66, 68; LBAT<ref name=":6" />, 1600 obv. 11'], see also [Emelyanov 1999<ref name=":11" />, 192].		* (4) Zodiacal astrology. KI <sup>múl</sup>PA UD<sup>meš</sup> DU<sub>10</sub><sup>me</sup> UŠ<sub>2</sub> ZU:AB "Region of Sagittarius: good days, death in the oceans" [SpTU II<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil II / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1983.</ref>, 43: 25; Hunger 1996]; for a parallel see. [TU<ref name=":13" />, 14: 24; Sachs 1952<ref name=":14" />, 66, 68; LBAT<ref name=":6" />, 1600 obv. 11'], see also [Emelyanov 1999<ref name=":11" />, 192].

Sushoff at 19:09, 26 March 2026

2026-03-26T19:09:53Z

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	Authors: ~~Gennady E. Kurtik,~~ {{PAGEAUTHORS}}~~, Euin Choung Kim~~		Authors: {{PAGEAUTHORS}}
	----		----

Sushoff at 08:39, 17 January 2026

2026-01-17T08:39:45Z

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			Authors: Gennady E. Kurtik, {{PAGEAUTHORS}}, Euin Choung Kim
			----

	[[File:Pabilsag stellarium2025.jpg\|thumb\|Pabilsag, Mesopotamian God, in boat. his torso in the Milky Way.]]		[[File:Pabilsag stellarium2025.jpg\|thumb\|Pabilsag, Mesopotamian God, in boat. his torso in the Milky Way.]]
	<sup>mul / d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG (𒀯𒉺𒉈𒊕) <s>ןד</s> is an Ancient Mesopotamian asterism corresponding to [[Sagittarius\|Sagittarius,]] [[Ophiuchus]], and perhaps [[Serpens]] [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 358]. The luminous area of the constellation where it crosses the Milky Way is known as the ''[[Mišḫu\|mišhu]]'' of Pabilsag ([[Mišiḫ dPA.BIL.SAG\|Mišiḫ <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG]]). See also [[BURRUM AN.NA]].		<sup>mul / d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG (𒀯𒉺𒉈𒊕) <s>ןד</s> is an Ancient Mesopotamian asterism corresponding to [[Sagittarius\|Sagittarius,]] [[Ophiuchus]], and perhaps [[Serpens]] [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 358]. The luminous area of the constellation where it crosses the Milky Way is known as the ''[[Mišḫu\|mišhu]]'' of Pabilsag ([[Mišiḫ dPA.BIL.SAG\|Mišiḫ <sup>d</sup>PA.BIL.SAG]]). See also [[BURRUM AN.NA]].

InitTeam at 21:20, 9 January 2026

2026-01-09T21:20:02Z

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	\|-		\|-
	\|'''EAE.'''		\|'''EAE.'''
	See. [Rochberg-Halton 1988, 224f., 281; SpTU I<ref name=":5">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 90:8].		See. [Rochberg-Halton 1988<ref name=":17">''Rochberg-Halton F''. Aspect of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).</ref>, 224f., 281; SpTU I<ref name=":5">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 90:8].
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	==== Predictions: ====		==== Predictions: ====
	(1) Eclipse of the Moon in Sagittarius; [DIŠ] MUL ''ina'' KI <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ''a-dir'' EŠ.BAR ''Mut-tab-bal u'' KA<sub>2</sub>.DINGIR.RA<sup>ki</sup> "[If] a star (=Moon_????) is eclipsed in the region of Pabilsag: a solution for Muttabal and Babylon" [SAA 8<ref name=":4" />, 4:8], for parallels see. [Rochberg-Halton 1988, 224, EAE 20 text g: r. 10; 225, EAE 20 text h: r. 9; 281, App. 2.1: r. 6; SAA 8<ref name=":4" />, 300 r. 11; 535 r. 7].		(1) Eclipse of the Moon in Sagittarius; [DIŠ] MUL ''ina'' KI <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ''a-dir'' EŠ.BAR ''Mut-tab-bal u'' KA<sub>2</sub>.DINGIR.RA<sup>ki</sup> "[If] a star (=Moon_????) is eclipsed in the region of Pabilsag: a solution for Muttabal and Babylon" [SAA 8<ref name=":4" />, 4:8], for parallels see. [Rochberg-Halton 1988<ref name=":17" />, 224, EAE 20 text g: r. 10; 225, EAE 20 text h: r. 9; 281, App. 2.1: r. 6; SAA 8<ref name=":4" />, 300 r. 11; 535 r. 7].

	(2) "Sting of the Scorpius" = Pabilsag; ''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB ''a-na'' <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ''qa-a-bi'' "Sting of the Scorpius, so they say of Pabilsag" [SAA 8, 52:5-6], ''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB EN GAL-''u''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG "Sting of the Scorpius is the great lord Pabilsag" [SAA 8<ref name=":4" />, 502:9], see also [ibid.<ref name=":4" />, 185:5, 550:5].		(2) "Sting of the Scorpius" = Pabilsag; ''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB ''a-na'' <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ''qa-a-bi'' "Sting of the Scorpius, so they say of Pabilsag" [SAA 8, 52:5-6], ''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB EN GAL-''u''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG "Sting of the Scorpius is the great lord Pabilsag" [SAA 8<ref name=":4" />, 502:9], see also [ibid.<ref name=":4" />, 185:5, 550:5].