UR.GU.LA - Revision history

Sushoff at 11:20, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T11:20:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:20, 5 July 2026
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	\| bordering = Leo, LMi, UMa		\| bordering = Leo, LMi, UMa
	\| notes =		\| notes =
			\| cat = constellation
	}}		}}
	<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû, nēšu,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs even just <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref name=":2">Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right). Akkadian ''urgulû'' is a loan-word from the Sumerian.		<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû, nēšu,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs even just <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref name=":2">Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right). Akkadian ''urgulû'' is a loan-word from the Sumerian.

Sushoff at 10:32, 5 July 2026

2026-07-05T10:32:02Z

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 [[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847|thumb|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967.*** ]]
 [[File:Lion VAT 7847 smb2026 GIF.gif|thumb|multiple attempts to draw the figure on VAT 7847, cf Horowitz and Hoffmann 2025<ref name=":2" />]]
 <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû, nēšu,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs even just <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used.  Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref name=":2">Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right).  Akkadian  ''urgulû'' is a loan-word from the Sumerian.

Sushoff: /* Additions */

2026-06-06T06:45:54Z

Additions

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:45, 6 June 2026
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	*See also U.197 obv. 1': mul<sub>2</sub>.me ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>ur.a [...] "The stars of Leo" [Sachs 1952, 74]; KA<sub>2</sub> <sup>mulx</sup>UR.A "Gates of the Lion" [Verderame 2002<ref>''Verderame L.'' Le Tabole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).</ref>, 38, Text Ii:4].		*See also U.197 obv. 1': mul<sub>2</sub>.me ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>ur.a [...] "The stars of Leo" [Sachs 1952, 74]; KA<sub>2</sub> <sup>mulx</sup>UR.A "Gates of the Lion" [Verderame 2002<ref>''Verderame L.'' Le Tabole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).</ref>, 38, Text Ii:4].
	See also [LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1595:3, 5; SpTU I<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 96:5; SpTU V<ref>''URUK. Špätbabylonische Texte aus dem Planquadrat U 18''. Teil V / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Mainz am Rhein, 1998.</ref>, 268:17].		See also [LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1595:3, 5; SpTU I<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 96:5; SpTU V<ref>''URUK. Špätbabylonische Texte aus dem Planquadrat U 18''. Teil V / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Mainz am Rhein, 1998.</ref>, 268:17].
	\|[[File:Leo newDrawing2025 Capture.JPG\|thumb\|Drawing of UR.GU.LA on Seleucid tablet VAT 7847. (Horowitz and Hoffmann 2025)<ref name=":0">Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025). Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref>]]		\|[[File:Leo 4versionsVAT7847 Capture.JPG\|Reconstruction of the versions of the drawing of UR.GU.LA on VAT 7847 by Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref name=":0" />. \|thumb]][[File:Leo newDrawing2025 Capture.JPG\|thumb\|Drawing of UR.GU.LA on Seleucid tablet VAT 7847. (Horowitz and Hoffmann 2025)<ref name=":0">Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025). Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref>]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''UR in ''Late astrology'''''.		\|'''UR in ''Late astrology'''''.

Sushoff: /* Additions */

2026-06-06T06:44:06Z

Additions

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:44, 6 June 2026
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	See also [Waerden 1949<ref>''Waerden B. L. van der''. Babylonian astronomy. II. The thirty Six Stars // JNES. V. 8. P. 6-26.</ref>, 13; 1952-53<ref>''Waerden B.L. van der''. History of the Zodiac // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. 16. P. 216-230.</ref> 219; 1974<ref>''Waerden B.L. van der'' (with contributions by P.Huber). Science Awakening. II. The Birth of Astronomy. Leiden-N.Y. 1974 </ref>, 70; Weidner 1957-59, 74b; BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 16; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2018). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 137; Mesop. Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 207, App. C; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 273; Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. 2014, The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 249; Beaulieu et al.<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref> 2018, 76].		See also [Waerden 1949<ref>''Waerden B. L. van der''. Babylonian astronomy. II. The thirty Six Stars // JNES. V. 8. P. 6-26.</ref>, 13; 1952-53<ref>''Waerden B.L. van der''. History of the Zodiac // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. 16. P. 216-230.</ref> 219; 1974<ref>''Waerden B.L. van der'' (with contributions by P.Huber). Science Awakening. II. The Birth of Astronomy. Leiden-N.Y. 1974 </ref>, 70; Weidner 1957-59, 74b; BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 16; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2018). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 137; Mesop. Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 207, App. C; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 273; Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. 2014, The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 249; Beaulieu et al.<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref> 2018, 76].

	=== Figure on VAT 7847 (animated history) ===		=== Transfer and Transformation ===

			==== Image Gallery ====
			<gallery>
			File:Leo seal Wallenfels1993.png\|Leo as ordinary lion on Mesopotamian seal print, Wallenfels (1993)
			File:BabLion gateKeeper b.jpg\|Assyrian Gate-Keepers (drawing by Susanne M Hoffmann 2024)<ref name=":0" />
			File:Urgula Stellarium.jpg\|UR.GU.LA as an Assyrian gatekeeper (Jessica Gullberg 2021)<ref>Gullberg, J, Hoffmann, S.M. and Gullberg, S.R. (2022). Painting Babylonian: New Constellations in Stellarium, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). ''Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy'', tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin, 171-191</ref>]]
			File:Leo urgula+hyaCrv.jpg\|Winged Lion (UR.GU.LA) standing upon a huge, dog-headed creature with snake-like body and front legs.
			File:Leo newDrawing2025 Capture.JPG\|Drawing of UR.GU.LA on Seleucid tablet VAT 7847. (Horowitz and Hoffmann 2025)<ref name=":0">Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025). Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref>
			</gallery>

			==== Figure on VAT 7847 (animated history) ====

	Multiple attempts to draw the figure on VAT 7847, cf Horowitz and Hoffmann 2025<ref name=":2" /><gallery>		Multiple attempts to draw the figure on VAT 7847, cf Horowitz and Hoffmann 2025<ref name=":2" /><gallery>
	File:Lion VAT 7847 smb2023 GIF.gif		File:Lion VAT 7847 smb2023 GIF.gif
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	====Deity.====		====Deity.====
	[[Lātarāk\|<sup>d</sup>Lātarāk]] (see Kurtik L05).		[[Lātarāk\|<sup>d</sup>Lātarāk]] (see Kurtik L05).
			[[File:Leo seal Wallenfels1993.png\|thumb\|Leo as ordinary lion on Mesopotamian seal print, Wallenfels (1993)]]

	=====Prayers and rituals.=====		=====Prayers and rituals.=====

Sushoff: /* Stars within the Constellation Area */

2026-06-06T06:37:10Z

Stars within the Constellation Area

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:37, 6 June 2026
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	*See also [DIŠ K]I MUL 2 MUL<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> SAG.DU <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA "[If within the regi]on, two stars are on the Lion’s head (he is born)", DIŠ KI MUL 4 ''ša''<sub>2</sub> GABA-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "If within the region, there are 4 stars on his (=Leo) chest (he is born)", DIŠ KI MUL 2 ''ša''<sub>2</sub> GIŠ. KUN-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "If within the region, 2 stars are on his (= Lion) sacrum (he is born)", [DIŠ K]I <sup>mul</sup>''e-du ša''<sub>2</sub> KUN-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "[If within the regi]on, an Individual star is on his (= Lion) tail (he is born)". [SpTU V<ref>''URUK. Špätbabylonische Texte aus dem Planquadrat U 18''. Teil V / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Mainz am Rhein, 1998.</ref>, 265: 4'-7'].		*See also [DIŠ K]I MUL 2 MUL<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> SAG.DU <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA "[If within the regi]on, two stars are on the Lion’s head (he is born)", DIŠ KI MUL 4 ''ša''<sub>2</sub> GABA-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "If within the region, there are 4 stars on his (=Leo) chest (he is born)", DIŠ KI MUL 2 ''ša''<sub>2</sub> GIŠ. KUN-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "If within the region, 2 stars are on his (= Lion) sacrum (he is born)", [DIŠ K]I <sup>mul</sup>''e-du ša''<sub>2</sub> KUN-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "[If within the regi]on, an Individual star is on his (= Lion) tail (he is born)". [SpTU V<ref>''URUK. Špätbabylonische Texte aus dem Planquadrat U 18''. Teil V / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Mainz am Rhein, 1998.</ref>, 265: 4'-7'].
	*See also [SpTU I<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 97:3; SpTU V, 270:1].		*See also [SpTU I<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 97:3; SpTU V, 270:1].
	\|		\|[[File:Leo seal Wallenfels1993.png\|thumb\|Leo as ordinary lion on Mesopotamian seal print, Wallenfels (1993)]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''UR.A in Late astrology, magic and the calendar.'''		\|'''UR.A in Late astrology, magic and the calendar.'''

Sushoff at 11:19, 2 June 2026

2026-06-02T11:19:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:19, 2 June 2026
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	==References==		==References==

	[[Category:~~Eurasian~~]][[Category:Asian]][[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Asian]][[Category:West Asian]]
	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]

Sushoff at 11:18, 2 June 2026

2026-06-02T11:18:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:18, 2 June 2026
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	==References==		==References==

	[[Category:West Asian]]		[[Category:Eurasian]][[Category:Asian]][[Category:West Asian]]
	[[Category:Mesopotamian]]		[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
	~~[[Category:Constellation]][[Category:Leo]]~~
	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]
	[[Category:Deity]]		[[Category:Deity]]
	[[Category:~~Asian~~]] [[Category:~~Asterism~~]]		[[Category:Asterism]][[Category:Constellation]][[Category:Leo]]
			[[Category:Rubric]] [[Category:Lunar System]] [[Category:Zodiac]]
	[[Category:4workWayne]]		[[Category:4workWayne]]

	<references />		<references />

YoulaAzkarrula at 10:42, 29 May 2026

2026-05-29T10:42:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:42, 29 May 2026
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	[[Category:Cuneiform]]		[[Category:Cuneiform]]
	[[Category:Deity]]		[[Category:Deity]]
			[[Category:Asian]] [[Category:Asterism]]
	[[Category:4workWayne]]		[[Category:4workWayne]]

	<references />		<references />

Sushoff at 09:53, 11 May 2026

2026-05-11T09:53:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:53, 11 May 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967.*** ]]		[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967.*** ]]
			[[File:Lion VAT 7847 smb2026 GIF.gif\|thumb\|multiple attempts to draw the figure on VAT 7847, cf Horowitz and Hoffmann 2025<ref name=":2" />]]
	<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû, nēšu,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs even just <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref name=":2">Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right). Akkadian ''urgulû'' is a loan-word from the Sumerian.		<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû, nēšu,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs even just <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref name=":2">Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right). Akkadian ''urgulû'' is a loan-word from the Sumerian.

Sushoff at 09:52, 11 May 2026

2026-05-11T09:52:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:52, 11 May 2026
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	----		----
	[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967.*** ]]		[[File:Leo Tontafel 600dpi Weidner1967 scanSMH.jpg\|alt=Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847\|thumb\|Drawing of the Lion-constellation on VAT 7847, drawn by Ernst Weidner 1967.*** ]]
	<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû, nēšu,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs even just <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref>Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right). Akkadian ''urgulû'' is a loan-word from the Sumerian.		<sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA (𒀯𒌨𒄖𒆷), = ''urgulû, nēšu,'' is a Mesopotamian constellation that is usually identified with [[Leo\|Leo, The Lion]]. Abbreviated forms were UR and UR.A, and in late epochs even just <sup>(mul)</sup>A was used. Horowitz and Hoffmann (2025)<ref name=":2">Horowitz, W. and S. M. Hoffmann. Lion, Lioness and Wings: Studies of The Lion-Asterism(s?) of Ancient Mesopotamia, Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO) 56, 33-43</ref> now demonstrate that <sup>mul</sup>UR.MAH and <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA are two names for the same asterism, which is depicted as a winged lion in the microzodiac drawings (see the drawing to the right). Akkadian ''urgulû'' is a loan-word from the Sumerian.

	==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==		==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)\|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia. </ref>==
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	See also [Waerden 1949<ref>''Waerden B. L. van der''. Babylonian astronomy. II. The thirty Six Stars // JNES. V. 8. P. 6-26.</ref>, 13; 1952-53<ref>''Waerden B.L. van der''. History of the Zodiac // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. 16. P. 216-230.</ref> 219; 1974<ref>''Waerden B.L. van der'' (with contributions by P.Huber). Science Awakening. II. The Birth of Astronomy. Leiden-N.Y. 1974 </ref>, 70; Weidner 1957-59, 74b; BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 16; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2018). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 137; Mesop. Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 207, App. C; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 273; Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. 2014, The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 249; Beaulieu et al.<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref> 2018, 76].		See also [Waerden 1949<ref>''Waerden B. L. van der''. Babylonian astronomy. II. The thirty Six Stars // JNES. V. 8. P. 6-26.</ref>, 13; 1952-53<ref>''Waerden B.L. van der''. History of the Zodiac // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. 16. P. 216-230.</ref> 219; 1974<ref>''Waerden B.L. van der'' (with contributions by P.Huber). Science Awakening. II. The Birth of Astronomy. Leiden-N.Y. 1974 </ref>, 70; Weidner 1957-59, 74b; BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 16; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2018). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 137; Mesop. Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 207, App. C; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 273; Horowitz 2014<ref>Horowitz, W. 2014, The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.</ref>, 249; Beaulieu et al.<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref> 2018, 76].

			=== Figure on VAT 7847 (animated history) ===
			Multiple attempts to draw the figure on VAT 7847, cf Horowitz and Hoffmann 2025<ref name=":2" /><gallery>
			File:Lion VAT 7847 smb2023 GIF.gif
			File:Lion VAT 7847 smb2026 GIF.gif
			</gallery>

	=== Lexical forms in Kurtik (2007) ===		=== Lexical forms in Kurtik (2007) ===