User:KhalidAlAjaji/الخباء اليماني - Revision history

KhalidAlAjaji at 12:03, 3 June 2026

2026-06-03T12:03:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:03, 3 June 2026
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	== Headword ==		== Headword ==
	'''Arabic:''' الْخِبَاء اليماني		'''Arabic:''' الْخِبَاء اليماني<br>
	'''Transliteration:''' ''al‑Ḫibāʾ al‑yamānī''		'''Transliteration:''' ''al‑Ḫibāʾ al‑yamānī''<br>
	'''Romanization:''' ''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī''		'''Romanization:''' ''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī''<br>
	'''IPA:''' /ʔal.xɪ.~~baːʔu l~~.ja.maːniː/		'''IPA:''' /ʔal.xɪ.baːʔul.ja.maːniː/

	== Names ==		== Names ==

KhalidAlAjaji: Added table of stars and links

2026-06-03T00:09:06Z

Added table of stars and links

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:09, 3 June 2026
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	<blockquote>“[Ibn al-Aʿrabī] (d. 230 H / 845) said: Between ''al‑Fard'' (Alphard α Hya) and ''al-Zubānā'' (α2, β Lib, the claws of the Scorpion) is ''al‑Khibāʾ''. Abū Ḥanīfa (d. 282 H / ~895) said: If by al‑Khibāʾ he meant the throne of al‑Simāk, then that is correct; otherwise, there is no other Khibāʾ there. And he said: Following al‑Khibāʾ are stars that are called ''al-Sharāsīf'' (Arabic الشراسيف, the Tied camels); they are elongated stars like a rope [stars of Hydra]. And he said: Between ''al‑Sharāsīf'' and ''al‑Khibāʾ'' are round, scattered stars, without order, that are called ''al‑Maʿlaf'' (Arabic المَعْلَف, the Camels feeding trough) [stars of the constellation Crater].”</blockquote>		<blockquote>“[Ibn al-Aʿrabī] (d. 230 H / 845) said: Between ''al‑Fard'' (Alphard α Hya) and ''al-Zubānā'' (α2, β Lib, the claws of the Scorpion) is ''al‑Khibāʾ''. Abū Ḥanīfa (d. 282 H / ~895) said: If by al‑Khibāʾ he meant the throne of al‑Simāk, then that is correct; otherwise, there is no other Khibāʾ there. And he said: Following al‑Khibāʾ are stars that are called ''al-Sharāsīf'' (Arabic الشراسيف, the Tied camels); they are elongated stars like a rope [stars of Hydra]. And he said: Between ''al‑Sharāsīf'' and ''al‑Khibāʾ'' are round, scattered stars, without order, that are called ''al‑Maʿlaf'' (Arabic المَعْلَف, the Camels feeding trough) [stars of the constellation Crater].”</blockquote>

			====== Stars Identification ======
			As discussed ''al-Khibāʾ, also named al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī, ʿajuz al-asad,ʿarsh al‑Simāk, and al-Ajmāl'' is an asterism of the quadrilateral γ, ε, β, δ Crv.
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|-
			! Stars of the asterism !! Proper names of the stars
			\|-
			\| γ Crv \|\| [[Gienah]]
			\|-
			\| ε Crv \|\|
			\|-
			\| β Crv \|\| [[Kraz]]
			\|-
			\| δ Crv \|\| [[Algorab]]
			\|}

	<gallery widths="360" heights="360">		<gallery widths="360" heights="360">

KhalidAlAjaji: Added star chart for al-khiba alyamani

2026-06-02T23:42:43Z

Added star chart for al-khiba alyamani

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:42, 2 June 2026
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	<gallery widths="360" heights="360">		<gallery widths="360" heights="360">
	File:01S ~~alKhibaAlshami~~.png\|Star chart of the Arabian asterism al-~~Khiba~~ al-~~shami~~ (الخباء ~~الشآمي~~) ~~as described by al-Marzūqī~~ in ~~the area of Hercules~~ constellation. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).		File:01S alKhibaAlyamani.png\|Star chart of the Arabian asterism al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī (الخباء اليماني) in constellation Corvus. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).
	</gallery>		</gallery>

KhalidAlAjaji: rephrase for better text clarity.

2026-06-02T15:37:23Z

rephrase for better text clarity.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:37, 2 June 2026
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	===== History =====		===== History =====
	Three primary sources ~~discuss~~ the Arabic Southern Tent (الخِبَاء اليماني, ''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī''): Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī. Their accounts ~~is mostly in agreement and lead~~ to ~~stars identifications~~ with ~~great~~ confidence and ~~to understanding~~ how the Arabs ~~imagined ''~~al-Khibāʾ'' as a ~~sky~~ figure.		Three primary sources describe the Arabic Southern Tent (الخِبَاء اليماني, al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī): Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī. Their accounts largely agree, allowing the stars to be identified with high confidence and clarifying how the Arabs envisioned al-Khibāʾ as a celestial figure.


	<gallery widths="360" heights="360">		<gallery widths="360" heights="360">
	File:Southern Tent.jpg\|Southern Tent (الخباء اليماني), al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī in Corvus. Image produced by Stellarium. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).		File:Southern Tent.jpg\|Southern Tent (الخباء اليماني), al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī in Corvus. Image produced by Stellarium. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).
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	<blockquote>The Arabs call these stars [the seven stars of Ptolemaic Corvus]: the Hindquarters of the Lion (‘Ajuz al-Asad). They claim that the moon sometimes falls short and alights at the Hindquarters of the Lion. They also call them: the Throne of the Unarmed Simāk (‘Arsh al-Simāk al-A‘zal); they also call them: the Camels (al-Ajmāl); and they also call them: the Tent (al-Khibā’).</blockquote>		<blockquote>The Arabs call these stars [the seven stars of Ptolemaic Corvus]: the Hindquarters of the Lion (‘Ajuz al-Asad). They claim that the moon sometimes falls short and alights at the Hindquarters of the Lion. They also call them: the Throne of the Unarmed Simāk (‘Arsh al-Simāk al-A‘zal); they also call them: the Camels (al-Ajmāl); and they also call them: the Tent (al-Khibā’).</blockquote>
	The name ''al-Ahmāl'' (Arabic الأحمال, ~~the camel Loads~~) ~~appeared~~ in some manuscripts, but it seems to be a scribal error. ~~both words shapes~~ are similar ~~with one~~ dot ~~difference الأجمال/الأحمال~~, while al-Ajmal (~~the camels~~) is ~~preferred~~ because it is in the same ~~region~~ as the Arabian constellations ''al-Sharāsīf'' (Arabic الشراسيف, ~~the~~ Tied ~~camels~~) = (Hydra) and ''al-Maʿlaf'' (Arabic المَعْلَف, ~~the Camels~~ feeding ~~trough~~) = (Crater).		The name al-Ahmāl (Arabic الأحمال, “the Camel Loads”) appears in some manuscripts, but it seems to be a scribal error. The two forms الأجمال and الأحمال are graphically similar and differ by only a single dot, while al-Ajmal (“the Camels”) is preferable because it lies in the same area as the Arabian constellations al-Sharāsīf (Arabic الشراسيف, “the Tied Camels”) = Hydra and al-Maʿlaf (Arabic المَعْلَف, “the Camels’ feeding trough”) = Crater.

	====== Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030) ======		====== Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030) ======

KhalidAlAjaji at 15:16, 2 June 2026

2026-06-02T15:16:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:16, 2 June 2026
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	====== Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030) ======		====== Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030) ======
	The complete text describing the Northern Tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'') on the authority of Ibn al-Aʿrabī (d. 230 H / 845) reads:<ref><span dir="rtl">الإمام أبو علي أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن المرزوقي (توفي سنة 421 هـ)، الأزمنة والأمكنة، تحقيق د. محمد نايف الدليمي، عالم الكتب، بيروت، لبنان، 1422 هـ، الجزء الثاني، ص ~~345~~.</span><br>		The complete text describing the Northern Tent (''al-Ḫibāʾ ash-Šāmī'') on the authority of Ibn al-Aʿrabī (d. 230 H / 845) reads:<ref><span dir="rtl">الإمام أبو علي أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن المرزوقي (توفي سنة 421 هـ)، الأزمنة والأمكنة، تحقيق د. محمد نايف الدليمي، عالم الكتب، بيروت، لبنان، 1422 هـ، الجزء الثاني، ص 349.</span><br>
	Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (died 1030), Al-Azminah wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon), vol 2, pg 345.		Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (died 1030), Al-Azminah wa al-amkinah (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon), vol 2, pg 345.
	</ref>		</ref>

KhalidAlAjaji: Completed the discription of al-Marzuqi

2026-06-02T15:09:28Z

Completed the discription of al-Marzuqi

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:09, 2 June 2026
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	;English translation		;English translation

	<blockquote>Ibn Kunāsa [d. 207H/822AD] said: "Sometimes the moon deviates and alights at the Hindquarters of the Lion ('Ajuz al-Asad). These are four stars situated before the Unarmed Simāk (al-Simāk al-A'zal), sloping down from it toward the south, squared in the shape of the stars of (Na'sh) [the bowl of the Big Dipper]; they are called the Throne of al-Simāk('Arsh al-Simāk) and are also named the Tent (al-Khibā')."</blockquote>		<blockquote>Ibn Kunāsa [d. 207H/822AD] said: "Sometimes the moon deviates and alights at the Hindquarters of the Lion ('Ajuz al-Asad). These are four stars situated before the Unarmed Simāk (al-Simāk al-A'zal), sloping down from it toward the south, squared in the shape of the stars of (Na'sh) [the bowl of the Big Dipper α, β, γ, δ UMa]; they are called the Throne of al-Simāk('Arsh al-Simāk) and are also named the Tent (al-Khibā')."</blockquote>

	Ibn Qutayba also named this asterism the Southern tent (Arabic: الخباء اليماني، al-Khibāʾ alyamānī) in his description of the Northern Tent. The complete text reads:<ref><span dir="rtl">أبو محمد عبد الله بن مسلم ابن قتيبة الدينوري (توفي 276 هـ)، كتاب الأنواء في مواسم العرب، دائرة المعارف العثمانية، حيدر أباد، الهند، 1375 هـ، ص 67.</span><br />		Ibn Qutayba also named this asterism the Southern tent (Arabic: الخباء اليماني، al-Khibāʾ alyamānī) in his description of the Northern Tent. The complete text reads:<ref><span dir="rtl">أبو محمد عبد الله بن مسلم ابن قتيبة الدينوري (توفي 276 هـ)، كتاب الأنواء في مواسم العرب، دائرة المعارف العثمانية، حيدر أباد، الهند، 1375 هـ، ص 67.</span><br />
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	;English translation		;English translation

	<blockquote>The Arabs call these stars: the Hindquarters of the Lion (‘Ajuz al-Asad). They claim that the moon sometimes falls short and alights at the Hindquarters of the Lion. They also call them: the Throne of the Unarmed Simāk (‘Arsh al-Simāk al-A‘zal); they also call them: the Camels (al-Ajmāl); and they also call them: the Tent (al-Khibā’).</blockquote>		<blockquote>The Arabs call these stars [the seven stars of Ptolemaic Corvus]: the Hindquarters of the Lion (‘Ajuz al-Asad). They claim that the moon sometimes falls short and alights at the Hindquarters of the Lion. They also call them: the Throne of the Unarmed Simāk (‘Arsh al-Simāk al-A‘zal); they also call them: the Camels (al-Ajmāl); and they also call them: the Tent (al-Khibā’).</blockquote>
	The name ''al-Ahmāl'' (Arabic الأحمال, the camel Loads) appeared in some manuscripts, but it seems to be a scribal error. both words shapes are similar with one dot difference الأجمال/الأحمال, while al-Ajmal (the camels) is preferred because it is in the same region as the Arabian constellations ''al-Sharāsīf'' (Arabic الشراسيف, the Tied camels) = (Hydra) and ''al-~~Ma'laf~~'' (Arabic المَعْلَف, the Camels feeding trough) = (Crater).		The name ''al-Ahmāl'' (Arabic الأحمال, the camel Loads) appeared in some manuscripts, but it seems to be a scribal error. both words shapes are similar with one dot difference الأجمال/الأحمال, while al-Ajmal (the camels) is preferred because it is in the same region as the Arabian constellations ''al-Sharāsīf'' (Arabic الشراسيف, the Tied camels) = (Hydra) and ''al-Maʿlaf'' (Arabic المَعْلَف, the Camels feeding trough) = (Crater).

	====== Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030) ======		====== Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030) ======
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	;Original Arabic		;Original Arabic

	<blockquote>~~<p dir=~~"~~rtl">~~وقال [ابن الأعرابي]: ~~أسفل من بَنَاتِ نَعْشٍ~~ كواكب ~~كثيرة مختلطة~~ يقال لها: ~~الضِّبَاعُ. وأَوْلَادُ الضِّبَاعِ~~ كواكب ~~صغار، عن يمين الضِّبَاعِ، بينها وبين بَنَاتِ نَعْشٍ~~. ~~قال~~: ~~والخِبَاءُ كواكب في مثل هيئة الخِبَاءِ، أسفل من أَوْلَادِ الضِّبَاعِ~~.~~</p>~~</blockquote>		<blockquote>"وقال [ابن الأعرابي]: فيما بين الفَرْدِ وبين زُبَانَى العَقْرَبِ الخِبَاءُ. قال أبو حنيفة: إن كان عنى بالخِبَاءِ عَرْشَ السِّمَاكِ، فذاك، وإلَّا فليس هناك خباء غيره، وقال: على أثر الخِبَاءِ كواكب يقال لها: الشَّرَاسِيفُ، وهي كواكب مستطيلة مثل الحبل. وقال: بين الشَّرَاسِيفِ والخِبَاءِ كواكبُ مستديرةٌ متبدّدةٌ على غير نظام يقال لها: المَعْلَفُ."</blockquote>

	;English translation		;English translation

	<blockquote>[Ibn al-Aʿrabī] said: ~~Below~~ ''~~Banāt Naʿsh~~'' (~~بَنَاتِ نَعْش~~) ~~are numerous, scattered stars called~~ ''al-~~Ḍibāʿ~~'' (~~الضِّبَاعُ~~, "the ~~hyenas"~~). ''~~Awlād~~ al-~~Ḍibāʿ~~'' (~~أَوْلَادُ الضِّبَاعِ~~, "the ~~young hyenas"~~) are ~~small~~ stars ~~located to the right~~ of ''~~al-Ḍibāʿ~~''~~, between them~~ and ''~~Banāt Naʿsh~~''~~. He also said: ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' (الخِبَاءُ) is a group of~~ stars ~~resembling the shape of a tent~~, ~~situated below~~ ''~~Awlād al-Ḍibāʿ~~'' (~~أَوْلَادُ الضِّبَاعِ~~, "the ~~young hyenas"~~).</blockquote>		<blockquote>“[Ibn al-Aʿrabī] (d. 230 H / 845) said: Between ''al‑Fard'' (Alphard α Hya) and ''al-Zubānā'' (α2, β Lib, the claws of the Scorpion) is ''al‑Khibāʾ''. Abū Ḥanīfa (d. 282 H / ~895) said: If by al‑Khibāʾ he meant the throne of al‑Simāk, then that is correct; otherwise, there is no other Khibāʾ there. And he said: Following al‑Khibāʾ are stars that are called ''al-Sharāsīf'' (Arabic الشراسيف, the Tied camels); they are elongated stars like a rope [stars of Hydra]. And he said: Between ''al‑Sharāsīf'' and ''al‑Khibāʾ'' are round, scattered stars, without order, that are called ''al‑Maʿlaf'' (Arabic المَعْلَف, the Camels feeding trough) [stars of the constellation Crater].”</blockquote>

	<gallery widths="360" heights="360">		<gallery widths="360" heights="360">

KhalidAlAjaji at 13:52, 2 June 2026

2026-06-02T13:52:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:52, 2 June 2026
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	The asterism is referred to in historical sources as ''al-Khibāʾ'' (Arabic: الخباء, “the Tent”) without a specifier, and as '''“Southern Tent”''' (Arabic: الخباء اليماني, ''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī''). To avoid confusion with the asterism in Hercules also known as al-Khibāʾ and with the star α Crv named '''[[Alchiba]]''', this article uses the form '''“Southern Tent”''' (Arabic: الخباء اليماني, ''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī''), following Ibn Qutayba.		The asterism is referred to in historical sources as ''al-Khibāʾ'' (Arabic: الخباء, “the Tent”) without a specifier, and as '''“Southern Tent”''' (Arabic: الخباء اليماني, ''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī''). To avoid confusion with the asterism in Hercules also known as al-Khibāʾ and with the star α Crv named '''[[Alchiba]]''', this article uses the form '''“Southern Tent”''' (Arabic: الخباء اليماني, ''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī''), following Ibn Qutayba.

	The asterism is also called '''عجز الأسد''' (romanized: ''ʿajuz al-asad'', “the Lion’s Hindquarters”), '''عرش السماك''' (romanized: ''ʿarsh al‑Simāk'', literally “the Throne of al‑Simāk”; al‑Simāk is a proper name connected with being high or elevated) in works by Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī, while the form '''الأجمال'''/'''~~الأحمال؟~~''' (romanized: ''al-Ajmāl/al-Ahmāl'', “the camels/the loads on camels”) is reported only by al‑Ṣūfī.		The asterism is also called '''عجز الأسد''' (romanized: ''ʿajuz al-asad'', “the Lion’s Hindquarters”), '''عرش السماك''' (romanized: ''ʿarsh al‑Simāk'', literally “the Throne of al‑Simāk”; al‑Simāk is a proper name connected with being high or elevated) in works by Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī, while the form '''الأجمال'''/'''الأحمال''' (romanized: ''al-Ajmāl/al-Ahmāl'', “the camels/the loads on camels”) is reported only by al‑Ṣūfī.

	=== Modern Authors ===		=== Modern Authors ===
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	;English translation		;English translation

	<blockquote>he Arabs call these stars: the Hindquarters of the Lion (‘Ajuz al-Asad). They claim that the moon sometimes falls short and alights at the Hindquarters of the Lion. They also call them: the Throne of the Unarmed ~~Spica~~ (‘Arsh al-Simāk al-A‘zal); they also call them: the Camels (al-Ajmāl); and they also call them: the Tent (al-Khibā’).".</blockquote>		<blockquote>The Arabs call these stars: the Hindquarters of the Lion (‘Ajuz al-Asad). They claim that the moon sometimes falls short and alights at the Hindquarters of the Lion. They also call them: the Throne of the Unarmed Simāk (‘Arsh al-Simāk al-A‘zal); they also call them: the Camels (al-Ajmāl); and they also call them: the Tent (al-Khibā’).</blockquote>
			The name ''al-Ahmāl'' (Arabic الأحمال, the camel Loads) appeared in some manuscripts, but it seems to be a scribal error. both words shapes are similar with one dot difference الأجمال/الأحمال, while al-Ajmal (the camels) is preferred because it is in the same region as the Arabian constellations ''al-Sharāsīf'' (Arabic الشراسيف, the Tied camels) = (Hydra) and ''al-Ma'laf'' (Arabic المَعْلَف, the Camels feeding trough) = (Crater).

	====== Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030) ======		====== Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030) ======

KhalidAlAjaji: Added descriptions by ibn Qutayba and al-Sufi

2026-06-02T12:36:10Z

Added descriptions by ibn Qutayba and al-Sufi

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:36, 2 June 2026
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	The asterism is referred to in historical sources as ''al-Khibāʾ'' (Arabic: الخباء, “the Tent”) without a specifier, and as '''“Southern Tent”''' (Arabic: الخباء اليماني, ''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī''). To avoid confusion with the asterism in Hercules also known as al-Khibāʾ and with the star α Crv named '''[[Alchiba]]''', this article uses the form '''“Southern Tent”''' (Arabic: الخباء اليماني, ''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī''), following Ibn Qutayba.		The asterism is referred to in historical sources as ''al-Khibāʾ'' (Arabic: الخباء, “the Tent”) without a specifier, and as '''“Southern Tent”''' (Arabic: الخباء اليماني, ''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī''). To avoid confusion with the asterism in Hercules also known as al-Khibāʾ and with the star α Crv named '''[[Alchiba]]''', this article uses the form '''“Southern Tent”''' (Arabic: الخباء اليماني, ''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī''), following Ibn Qutayba.

	The asterism is also called '''عجز الأسد''' (romanized: ''~~ʿajz~~ al-asad'', “the Lion’s Hindquarters”), '''عرش السماك''' (romanized: ''ʿarsh al‑Simāk'', literally “the Throne of al‑Simāk”; al‑Simāk is a proper name connected with being high or elevated) in works by Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī, while the form '''الأجمال'''/'''الأحمال؟''' (romanized: ''al-Ajmāl/al-Ahmāl'', “the camels/the loads on camels”) is reported only by al‑Ṣūfī.		The asterism is also called '''عجز الأسد''' (romanized: ''ʿajuz al-asad'', “the Lion’s Hindquarters”), '''عرش السماك''' (romanized: ''ʿarsh al‑Simāk'', literally “the Throne of al‑Simāk”; al‑Simāk is a proper name connected with being high or elevated) in works by Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī, while the form '''الأجمال'''/'''الأحمال؟''' (romanized: ''al-Ajmāl/al-Ahmāl'', “the camels/the loads on camels”) is reported only by al‑Ṣūfī.

	=== Modern Authors ===		=== Modern Authors ===
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	===== History =====		===== History =====
	Three primary sources discuss the Arabic Southern Tent (الخِبَاء اليماني, ''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī''): Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī. Their accounts in agreement and ~~support each other~~ to ~~give a star identification~~ with great confidence and to ~~understand~~ how the Arabs imagined ''al-Khibāʾ'' as a sky figure.		Three primary sources discuss the Arabic Southern Tent (الخِبَاء اليماني, ''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī''): Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī. Their accounts is mostly in agreement and lead to stars identifications with great confidence and to understanding how the Arabs imagined ''al-Khibāʾ'' as a sky figure.


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	====== Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889) ======		====== Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889) ======
	Ibn Qutayba named this asterism the Southern tent (Arabic: الخباء اليماني، al-Khibāʾ alyamānī) in his description of the Northern Tent. The complete text reads:<ref><span dir="rtl">أبو محمد عبد الله بن مسلم ابن قتيبة الدينوري (توفي 276 هـ)، كتاب الأنواء في مواسم العرب، دائرة المعارف العثمانية، حيدر أباد، الهند، 1375 هـ، ص 67.</span><br />		The complete text describing the Southern Tent (''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī'') reads:<ref><span dir="rtl">أبو محمد عبد الله بن مسلم ابن قتيبة الدينوري (توفي 276 هـ)، كتاب الأنواء في مواسم العرب، دائرة المعارف العثمانية، حيدر أباد، الهند، 1375 هـ، ص 62.</span><br />
			Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya, pg 62.</ref>

			;Original Arabic
			<blockquote><p dir="rtl">
			قال ابن كناسة: وربما عدل القمر فنزل بعَجُزِ الأَسَدِ، وهي أربعة كواكب بين يدي السِّمَاكِ الأَعْزَلِ، منحدرة عنه في الجنوب، مربعة على صورة النَّعْشِ، يقال لها: عَرْشَ السِّمَاكِ، وتُسَمَّى: الخِبَاءَ.</p></blockquote>

			;English translation

			<blockquote>Ibn Kunāsa [d. 207H/822AD] said: "Sometimes the moon deviates and alights at the Hindquarters of the Lion ('Ajuz al-Asad). These are four stars situated before the Unarmed Simāk (al-Simāk al-A'zal), sloping down from it toward the south, squared in the shape of the stars of (Na'sh) [the bowl of the Big Dipper]; they are called the Throne of al-Simāk('Arsh al-Simāk) and are also named the Tent (al-Khibā')."</blockquote>

			Ibn Qutayba also named this asterism the Southern tent (Arabic: الخباء اليماني، al-Khibāʾ alyamānī) in his description of the Northern Tent. The complete text reads:<ref><span dir="rtl">أبو محمد عبد الله بن مسلم ابن قتيبة الدينوري (توفي 276 هـ)، كتاب الأنواء في مواسم العرب، دائرة المعارف العثمانية، حيدر أباد، الهند، 1375 هـ، ص 67.</span><br />
	Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya, pg 67.</ref>		Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab)''. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya, pg 67.</ref>

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	;English translation		;English translation

	<blockquote>The fawns, ''awlād al-Zibāʾ'' (أَوْلادُ الظِّبَاءِ), are small stars located between ''al-Zibāʾ'' (الظِّبَاءِ) and the Gazelle Leaps (النَّفَزَاتِ). To the right of the Gazelle Leaps (نَفَزَاتِ الظِّبَاءِ), there are round, non-aligned stars called ''al-Hawd'' (الحَوْضَ, "the Pool").		<blockquote>The fawns, ''awlād al-Zibāʾ'' (أَوْلادُ الظِّبَاءِ), are small stars located between ''al-Zibāʾ'' (الظِّبَاءِ) and the Gazelle Leaps (النَّفَزَاتِ). To the right of the Gazelle Leaps (نَفَزَاتِ الظِّبَاءِ), there are round, non-aligned stars called ''al-Hawd'' (الحَوْضَ, "the Pool"). Below ''al-Hawd'' lies ''al-Khibāʾ'' (الخِبَاءُ, "the Tent"), a group of stars shaped like the Southern tent (الخِبَاءِ اليَمَانِيَّةِ, al-Khibāʾ alyamāniyah).</blockquote>

	Below ''al-Hawd'' lies ''al-Khibāʾ'' (الخِبَاءُ, "the Tent"), a group of stars shaped like the Southern tent (الخِبَاءِ اليَمَانِيَّةِ).</blockquote>

	====== Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986) ======		====== Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986) ======
	The complete text describing the ~~Northern~~ Tent (''al-~~Ḫibāʾ ash~~-~~Šāmī~~'') reads:<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr <span dir="rtl">كتاب الكواكب لأبي الحسين عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (291-376)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد الله العجاجي، ص ~~247~~.</span><br>]		The complete text describing the Southern Tent (''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī'') reads:<ref>[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr <span dir="rtl">كتاب الكواكب لأبي الحسين عبد الرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (291-376)، تحقيق خالد بن عبد الله العجاجي، ص 840.</span><br>]
	[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr Book of the stars by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021, pg ~~247~~.]</ref>		[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr Book of the stars by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021, pg 840.]</ref>

	;Original Arabic		;Original Arabic

	<blockquote><p dir="rtl">~~وفي القطعة من السماء التي حواليها~~ هذه الصورة ورأس الدب الأكبر والجَدْيُ وكوكبة ذات الكرسي، وهي رقعة من السماء شبه مفازة ليس فيها كوكب نيِّر ولا شيء من الكواكب المرصودة إلا الاثنين اللذين على الرأس من هذه الصورة، وفيها من الكواكب ما لا يمكن إحصاؤه لكثرته وكثافة جمعه، وفي الوسط منها، كواكب من القدر الخامس والسادس، تُسَمِّيها العرب: ~~الخِبَاءَ؛ لأنّها على صورة الخباء، والاثنان اللذان على الرأس من هذه الصورة داخلان في جملة الخباء~~.</p></blockquote>		<blockquote><p dir="rtl">والعرب تُسَمِّي هذه الكواكب: عَجُزَ الأَسَدِ، وتزعم أن القمر ربما قصر فنزل بعجز الأسد، وتسمّيها أيضًا: عَرْشَ السِّمَاكِ الأَعْزَلِ، وتسميها أيضًا: الأَجْمَالَ، وتسميها أيضًا: الخِبَاءَ.</p></blockquote>

	;English translation		;English translation

	<blockquote>In the ~~region~~ of the ~~sky surrounded by this constellation~~ (~~referring to the constellation of Auriga~~)~~, along with the head of~~ the ~~Great Bear, Polaris,~~ and ~~the constellation Cassiopeia, there is an area with no bright star, nor any reported by Ptolemy except for the two~~ at the ~~head~~ of ~~Auriga~~. ~~This area contains countless stars, densely packed together. In its center are stars~~ of ~~fifth and sixth magnitude, which~~ the ~~Arabs~~ call ''al-~~Ḫibāʾ'' (الخِبَاءُ, "the Tent"~~) ~~because~~ they ~~resemble~~ the ~~shape of a tent. The two stars at the head of this constellation are considered part of ''~~al-~~Ḫibāʾ''~~.</blockquote>		<blockquote>he Arabs call these stars: the Hindquarters of the Lion (‘Ajuz al-Asad). They claim that the moon sometimes falls short and alights at the Hindquarters of the Lion. They also call them: the Throne of the Unarmed Spica (‘Arsh al-Simāk al-A‘zal); they also call them: the Camels (al-Ajmāl); and they also call them: the Tent (al-Khibā’).".</blockquote>

	====== Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030) ======		====== Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030) ======

KhalidAlAjaji at 03:30, 2 June 2026

2026-06-02T03:30:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:30, 2 June 2026
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	===== Concordance =====		===== Concordance =====
	''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī'' is an asterism of the quadrilateral γ, ε, β, δ Crv in the constellation Corvus, corresponding to the 2<sup>nd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup>, and 7<sup>th</sup> ~~stars~~ of the 7 star Ptolemaic Corvus.		''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī'' is an asterism of the quadrilateral γ, ε, β, δ Crv in the constellation Corvus, corresponding to the brightest stars 2<sup>nd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup>, and 7<sup>th</sup> of the 7 star Ptolemaic Corvus.

	===== History =====		===== History =====

KhalidAlAjaji: fixed typing and consistency of using romanization

2026-06-02T03:21:59Z

fixed typing and consistency of using romanization

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:21, 2 June 2026
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	== Names ==		== Names ==

	The asterism is referred to in historical sources as ''~~'Alkhiba'~~'' (Arabic: الخباء, “the Tent”) without a specifier, and as '''“Southern Tent”''' (Arabic: الخباء اليماني, ''~~al‑Ḫibāʾ al‑yamānī~~''). To avoid confusion with the asterism in Hercules also known as ~~'''Alkhiba'''~~ and with the star α Crv named '''[[Alchiba]]''', this article uses the form '''“Southern Tent”''' (Arabic: الخباء اليماني, ''~~al‑Ḫibāʾ al‑yamānī~~''), following Ibn Qutayba.		The asterism is referred to in historical sources as ''al-Khibāʾ'' (Arabic: الخباء, “the Tent”) without a specifier, and as '''“Southern Tent”''' (Arabic: الخباء اليماني, ''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī''). To avoid confusion with the asterism in Hercules also known as al-Khibāʾ and with the star α Crv named '''[[Alchiba]]''', this article uses the form '''“Southern Tent”''' (Arabic: الخباء اليماني, ''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī''), following Ibn Qutayba.

	~~In Arabic sources,~~ The asterism is also called '''عجز الأسد''' (romanized: ''ʿajz al-asad'', “the Lion’s Hindquarters”), '''عرش السماك''' (romanized: ''ʿarsh al‑Simāk'', literally “the Throne of al‑Simāk”; al‑Simāk is a proper name connected with being high or elevated) in works by Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī, while the form '''الأجمال'''/'''الأحمال؟''' (romanized: ''al-Ajmāl/al-Ahmāl'', “the camels/the loads on camels”)is reported only by al‑Ṣūfī.		The asterism is also called '''عجز الأسد''' (romanized: ''ʿajz al-asad'', “the Lion’s Hindquarters”), '''عرش السماك''' (romanized: ''ʿarsh al‑Simāk'', literally “the Throne of al‑Simāk”; al‑Simāk is a proper name connected with being high or elevated) in works by Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī, while the form '''الأجمال'''/'''الأحمال؟''' (romanized: ''al-Ajmāl/al-Ahmāl'', “the camels/the loads on camels”) is reported only by al‑Ṣūfī.

	=== Modern Authors ===		=== Modern Authors ===
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	===== Etymology =====		===== Etymology =====
	''al-Khibāʾ'' (Arabic: الخباء, from the Arabic root خبي) denotes a small tent.		''al-Khibāʾ'' (Arabic: الخباء, from the Arabic root خبي) denotes a small tent.
	Lisān al-ʿArab defines ''al-~~Ḫibāʾ~~'' as:<ref>Lisān al-ʿarab, لسان العرب، باب الواو والياء المعتل فصل الخاء المعجمة</ref>		Lisān al-ʿArab defines ''al-Khibāʾ'' as:<ref>Lisān al-ʿarab, لسان العرب، باب الواو والياء المعتل فصل الخاء المعجمة</ref>
	<blockquote><p dir="rtl">الخِباءُ مِنَ الأَبنية: وَاحِدُ الأَخْبية، وَهُوَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ وَبَر أَو صُوفٍ وَلَا يَكُونُ مِنْ شَعَر، وَهُوَ عَلَى عَمُودَيْنِ أَو ثَلَاثَةٍ، وَمَا فوقَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ بَيْت.</p></blockquote>		<blockquote><p dir="rtl">الخِباءُ مِنَ الأَبنية: وَاحِدُ الأَخْبية، وَهُوَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ وَبَر أَو صُوفٍ وَلَا يَكُونُ مِنْ شَعَر، وَهُوَ عَلَى عَمُودَيْنِ أَو ثَلَاثَةٍ، وَمَا فوقَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ بَيْت.</p></blockquote>

	<blockquote>''Al-~~Ḫibāʾ~~'' (الخِبَاء) is a tent made of camel wool or sheep’s wool, never of goat hair. It usually stands on two or three poles; anything larger than that is called a ''bayt'' (large tent).</blockquote>		<blockquote>''Al-Khibāʾ'' (الخِبَاء) is a tent made of camel wool or sheep’s wool, never of goat hair. It usually stands on two or three poles; anything larger than that is called a ''bayt'' (large tent).</blockquote>

	===== Concordance =====		===== Concordance =====
	''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī'' is an asterism of the quadrilateral γ, ε, β, δ Crv in the constellation Corvus.		''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī'' is an asterism of the quadrilateral γ, ε, β, δ Crv in the constellation Corvus, corresponding to the 2<sup>nd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup>, and 7<sup>th</sup> stars of the 7 star Ptolemaic Corvus.

	===== History =====		===== History =====
	Three primary sources discuss the Arabic Southern Tent (الخِبَاء اليماني, ''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī''): Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī. Their accounts ~~agree~~ and support each other to give a star identification with great confidence and to understand how the Arabs imagined ''al-Khibāʾ''.		Three primary sources discuss the Arabic Southern Tent (الخِبَاء اليماني, ''al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī''): Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī. Their accounts in agreement and support each other to give a star identification with great confidence and to understand how the Arabs imagined ''al-Khibāʾ'' as a sky figure.


	<gallery widths="360" heights="360">		<gallery widths="360" heights="360">
	File:Southern Tent.jpg\|Southern Tent (الخباء اليماني), ~~alḪibāʾ alYamānī~~ in Corvus. Image produced by Stellarium. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).		File:Southern Tent.jpg\|Southern Tent (الخباء اليماني), al-Khibāʾ al-yamānī in Corvus. Image produced by Stellarium. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).
	File:Khiba ai generated.png\|Arabian ~~Khiba tent~~. image inspired by [https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/pnp/matpc/01100/01108v.jpg a century old photo in Matson collection in Library of Congress]. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).		File:Khiba ai generated.png\|Arabian Khibāʾtent. image inspired by [https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/pnp/matpc/01100/01108v.jpg a century old photo in Matson collection in Library of Congress]. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).
	</gallery>		</gallery>