User:KhalidAlAjaji/al-Ḫibāʾ al-šaāmī - Revision history

KhalidAlAjaji: Added images of circular star patterns near Arabic Ḫibāʾ tents.

2026-06-12T17:00:24Z

Added images of circular star patterns near Arabic Ḫibāʾ tents.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:00, 12 June 2026
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	It is a notable coincidence that the al-Ḫibāʾ al-yamānī (γ, ε, β, δ Crv) lies near a circular group of stars—the circular stars of al-Maʿlaf (θ, ε, δ, γ, ζ, η Crt); that the al-Ḫibāʾ described by al-Marzūqī lies near the circular stars of al-Fakkah (Corona Borealis); and that the al-Ḫibāʾ mentioned by Ibn Qutayba lies near the circular stars of al-Ḥawḍ (υ, φ, θ, e, f UMa).		It is a notable coincidence that the al-Ḫibāʾ al-yamānī (γ, ε, β, δ Crv) lies near a circular group of stars—the circular stars of al-Maʿlaf (θ, ε, δ, γ, ζ, η Crt); that the al-Ḫibāʾ described by al-Marzūqī lies near the circular stars of al-Fakkah (Corona Borealis); and that the al-Ḫibāʾ mentioned by Ibn Qutayba lies near the circular stars of al-Ḥawḍ (υ, φ, θ, e, f UMa).

	<gallery widths="~~360~~" heights="~~360~~">		<gallery widths="240" heights="240">
	File:AlKhiba alyamani plus crater.png\|Al-Ḫibāʾ al-yamānī near the the circular star pattern of al-Maʿlaf (Crater).		File:AlKhiba alyamani plus crater.png\|Al-Ḫibāʾ al-yamānī near the the circular star pattern of al-Maʿlaf (Crater).
			File:Alkhiba alshami plus CrB.png\|Al-Ḫibāʾ al-Šāmī near the circular star pattern al-Fakka (Corona Borealis).
			File:Qutayba plus alHawd.png\|The circular star pattern al-Ḥawḍ (head of the Big Bear) below which ibn Qutayba describes a Ḫibāʾ (tent).
	</gallery>		</gallery>

KhalidAlAjaji: Adde image

2026-06-12T16:53:57Z

Adde image

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:53, 12 June 2026
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	It is a notable coincidence that the al-Ḫibāʾ al-yamānī (γ, ε, β, δ Crv) lies near a circular group of stars—the circular stars of al-Maʿlaf (θ, ε, δ, γ, ζ, η Crt); that the al-Ḫibāʾ described by al-Marzūqī lies near the circular stars of al-Fakkah (Corona Borealis); and that the al-Ḫibāʾ mentioned by Ibn Qutayba lies near the circular stars of al-Ḥawḍ (υ, φ, θ, e, f UMa).		It is a notable coincidence that the al-Ḫibāʾ al-yamānī (γ, ε, β, δ Crv) lies near a circular group of stars—the circular stars of al-Maʿlaf (θ, ε, δ, γ, ζ, η Crt); that the al-Ḫibāʾ described by al-Marzūqī lies near the circular stars of al-Fakkah (Corona Borealis); and that the al-Ḫibāʾ mentioned by Ibn Qutayba lies near the circular stars of al-Ḥawḍ (υ, φ, θ, e, f UMa).

	<gallery>		<gallery widths="360" heights="360">
	~~Example~~.~~jpg~~\|~~Caption1~~		File:AlKhiba alyamani plus crater.png\|Al-Ḫibāʾ al-yamānī near the the circular star pattern of al-Maʿlaf (Crater).
	~~Example~~.~~jpg\|Caption2~~
	</gallery>		</gallery>

KhalidAlAjaji at 15:53, 12 June 2026

2026-06-12T15:53:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:53, 12 June 2026
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	It is a notable coincidence that the al-Ḫibāʾ al-yamānī (γ, ε, β, δ Crv) lies near a circular group of stars—the circular stars of al-Maʿlaf (θ, ε, δ, γ, ζ, η Crt); that the al-Ḫibāʾ described by al-Marzūqī lies near the circular stars of al-Fakkah (Corona Borealis); and that the al-Ḫibāʾ mentioned by Ibn Qutayba lies near the circular stars of al-Ḥawḍ (υ, φ, θ, e, f UMa).		It is a notable coincidence that the al-Ḫibāʾ al-yamānī (γ, ε, β, δ Crv) lies near a circular group of stars—the circular stars of al-Maʿlaf (θ, ε, δ, γ, ζ, η Crt); that the al-Ḫibāʾ described by al-Marzūqī lies near the circular stars of al-Fakkah (Corona Borealis); and that the al-Ḫibāʾ mentioned by Ibn Qutayba lies near the circular stars of al-Ḥawḍ (υ, φ, θ, e, f UMa).

			<gallery>
			Example.jpg\|Caption1
			Example.jpg\|Caption2
			</gallery>

	====Image Variants, Transfer and Transformation====		====Image Variants, Transfer and Transformation====
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	130. al-ḫibā<br />		130. al-ḫibā<br />
	“the tent”. Ibn Qutayba 67.3 (among the stars discussed under Moon Station 14): ''wa-l-ḫibāʾ asfal min al-ḥawḍ kawākib fi miṯl hayʾat al-ḫibāʾ al-yamāniya'' “al-hibā': Stars below al-ḥawḍ [= thυφθef Ursae Majoris], in the form of the Southern Tent [cf. the following article]”. In Marzūqī 2, 378, 19 the definition reads: ''wa-l-ḫibāʾ kawākib fi miṯl hayʾat al-ḫibāʾ asfal min awlād aḍ-ḍibāʿ'' “al-hibā' are stars in the shape of a tent, below awlād aḍ-ḍibā [no. 20]”. Ṣūfī 91, 16-17 includes among these stars called ''al-Ḫibā'' the faint stars of the modern constellation Giraffe, which were not described by Ptolemy, as well as the 1st and 2nd stars of the Ptolemaic constellation Aurigae.		“the tent”. Ibn Qutayba 67.3 (among the stars discussed under Moon Station 14): ''wa-l-ḫibāʾ asfal min al-ḥawḍ kawākib fi miṯl hayʾat al-ḫibāʾ al-yamāniya'' “al-hibā': Stars below al-ḥawḍ [= thυφθef Ursae Majoris], in the form of the Southern Tent [cf. the following article]”. In Marzūqī 2, 378, 19 the definition reads: ''wa-l-ḫibāʾ kawākib fi miṯl hayʾat al-ḫibāʾ asfal min awlād aḍ-ḍibāʿ'' “al-hibā' are stars in the shape of a tent, below awlād aḍ-ḍibā [no. 20]”. Ṣūfī 91, 16-17 includes among these stars called ''al-Ḫibā'' the faint stars of the modern constellation Giraffe, which were not described by Ptolemy, as well as the 1st and 2nd stars of the Ptolemaic constellation Aurigae.

			=====Khalid al-Ajaji=====
			Looking at the three descriptions of ''al-Ḫibāʾ'', it seems that Ibn Qutayba, followed by al-Ṣūfī, based their accounts on a text transmission in which an error occurred. Only al-Marzūqī gives a description that is consistent with the actual star arrangement in the sky. The location of this tent fits nicely with the nearby shepherd (α Oph) with his two dogs (α1 Her and β Oph) and goats in the middle of a desert pasture (parts of Hercules and Ophiuchus). This leads to the stars identification (ζ, ε, π, η Her) for ''al-Ḫibāʾ''.

KhalidAlAjaji at 13:39, 12 June 2026

2026-06-12T13:39:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:39, 12 June 2026
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	[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr ''Book of the stars'' by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021.]</ref>		[https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1s6JXzftwjMQ5rgZoGE3718EtBLBZtjzr ''Book of the stars'' by al-Ṣūfī (died 986): Critical edition with commentary by Khalid al-Ajaji, digital edition, 2021.]</ref>
	<ref name="qutayba"><span dir="rtl">أبو محمد عبد الله بن مسلم ابن قتيبة الدينوري المتوفى سنة 276هـ - 879م، كتاب الأنواء في مواسم العرب، دائرة المعارف العثمانية، حيدر أباد، الهند، 1375 هـ - 1956م.</span><br />		<ref name="qutayba"><span dir="rtl">أبو محمد عبد الله بن مسلم ابن قتيبة الدينوري المتوفى سنة 276هـ - 879م، كتاب الأنواء في مواسم العرب، دائرة المعارف العثمانية، حيدر أباد، الهند، 1375 هـ - 1956م.</span><br />
	~~IBN QUTAYBA AD~~-~~DĪNAWARĪ~~, ~~ABŪ MUḤAMMAD ʿABDULLAH B~~. ~~MUSLIM~~. d. 276 A.H / 879 A.D., ''~~KITĀBU~~'L-~~ANWĀʾ~~ (on Meteorology of the Arabs)'', ~~DAIRATU~~'L-~~MAʿARIFI~~'L-~~OSMANIA~~, Hyderabad - ~~INDIA~~ 1956 A.D./1375 A.H.</ref>		Ibn Qutayba ad-Dīnawarī, abū Muḥammad ʿabd Allah b. Muslim. d. 276 A.H / 879 A.D., ''Kitābu'l-Anwāʾ (on Meteorology of the Arabs)'', Dairatu'l-Maʿarifi'l-Osmania, Hyderabad - India 1956 A.D./1375 A.H.</ref>
	<ref name="marzuqi"><span dir="rtl">الإمام أبو علي أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن المرزوقي (توفي سنة 421 هـ)، الأزمنة والأمكنة، تحقيق د. محمد نايف الدليمي، عالم الكتب، بيروت، لبنان، 1422 هـ.</span><br>		<ref name="marzuqi"><span dir="rtl">الإمام أبو علي أحمد بن محمد بن الحسن المرزوقي (توفي سنة 421 هـ)، الأزمنة والأمكنة، تحقيق د. محمد نايف الدليمي، عالم الكتب، بيروت، لبنان، 1422 هـ.</span><br>
	Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (d. 1030), ''Al-Azminah wa al-Amkinah'' (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon).</ref>		Al-Marzūqī, Abū ʿAli Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥassan (d. 1030), ''Al-Azminah wa al-Amkinah'' (Times and Places), Edition by Dr. Mohammad Nayef al-Dulaymi, (Arabic print of the original book in 2002, World of Books, Beirut, Lebanon).</ref>
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	Al-Farāhīdī, abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ḫalīl b. Aḥmad (died ~ 786 AD), ''Kitab al-ʿayn'', a lexicon titled: The book of ʿayn (Arabic letter العين), (Arabic print of the original book, 1980 – 1985).</ref>		Al-Farāhīdī, abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ḫalīl b. Aḥmad (died ~ 786 AD), ''Kitab al-ʿayn'', a lexicon titled: The book of ʿayn (Arabic letter العين), (Arabic print of the original book, 1980 – 1985).</ref>
	<ref name="sufi1954"><span dir="rtl">أبو الحسين عبدالرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (المتوفى سنة 376 هـ/986م)، كتاب صور الكواكب الثمانية والأربعين، الطبعة الأولى بمطبعة مجلس دائرة المعارف العثمانية، حيدر أباد الدكن، الهند، 1375 هـ - 1954 م.</span><br />		<ref name="sufi1954"><span dir="rtl">أبو الحسين عبدالرحمن بن عمر الرازي المعروف بالصوفي (المتوفى سنة 376 هـ/986م)، كتاب صور الكواكب الثمانية والأربعين، الطبعة الأولى بمطبعة مجلس دائرة المعارف العثمانية، حيدر أباد الدكن، الهند، 1375 هـ - 1954 م.</span><br />
	~~ABŪL~~-~~ḤUSAYN ʿABDUR~~-~~RAḤMĀN AṢ~~-~~ṢŪFĪ~~. D. 376 A.H / 986 A.D., ''~~ṢUWARU~~'L-~~KAWĀKIB~~'', ~~THE DAIRATU~~'L-~~MAʿARIFI~~'L-~~OSMANIA~~, Hyderabad - Deccan - ~~INDIA~~, 1373 A.H./1954 A.D.</ref>		Abūl-ḥusayn ʿabdur-Raḥmān aṣ-Ṣūfī. d. 376 A.H / 986 A.D., ''Ṣuwaru'l-Kawākib'', The Dairatu'l-Maʿarifi'l-Osmania, Hyderabad - Deccan - India, 1373 A.H./1954 A.D.</ref>
	<ref name="ideler">Ideler, Ludwig, ''Untersuchungen über den Ursprung und die Bedeutung der Sternnamen'',Berlin 1809</ref>		<ref name="ideler">Ideler, Ludwig, ''Untersuchungen über den Ursprung und die Bedeutung der Sternnamen'',Berlin 1809</ref>
	<ref name="Schjellerup">Ṣūfī, ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn 'Umar, 903-986. Description Des étoiles Fixes. traduction littérale avec des notes par H. C. F. C Schjellerup. St. Pétersbourg: Commissionnaires de lÁcadémie Impériale des sciences, 1874.</ref>		<ref name="Schjellerup">Ṣūfī, ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn 'Umar, 903-986. ''Description Des étoiles Fixes''. traduction littérale avec des notes par H. C. F. C Schjellerup. St. Pétersbourg: Commissionnaires de lÁcadémie Impériale des sciences, 1874.</ref>
	}}		}}

KhalidAlAjaji: added Schjellerup identifications

2026-06-12T12:42:00Z

added Schjellerup identifications

@@ Line 145: / Line 145: @@
 ====Verbal Discussion/ Conclusion====
 =====Ideler=====
@@ Line 186: / Line 174: @@
 Ideler’s identification of al-Ḫibāʾ in the middle of Auriga’s figure results from al-Qazwīnī’s wrong wording, whereas al-Ṣūfī’s text clearly points to a different area of the sky, mainly in present-day Camelopardalis and Lynx.
-...
+=====H. C. F. C. Schjellerup=====
@@ Line 215: / Line 224: @@
+*
 == Bibliography ==
-Lisān al-ʿarab<ref name="lisan"/>, Kitāb al-Kawākib<ref name="khalid2021sufi"/>, Ibn Qutayba<ref name="qutayba"/>, Al-Marzūqī<ref name="marzuqi"/>, Kunitzsch<ref name="Kunitzsch1961"/>, Danielle Adams<ref name="Adams2018"/>, Laffitte (2012<ref name="Laffitte2012"/>, 2025<ref name="Laffitte2025"/>), Urjuzat al-Kawākib<ref name="khalid2021urjuza"/>, Al-Ṯaqafī<ref name="thaqafi"/>, Al-Farāhīdī<ref name="farahidi"/>, Al-Ṣūfī 1954<ref name="sufi1954"/> Ideler 1809<ref name="ideler"/>
+Lisān al-ʿarab<ref name="lisan"/>, Kitāb al-Kawākib<ref name="khalid2021sufi"/>, Ibn Qutayba<ref name="qutayba"/>, Al-Marzūqī<ref name="marzuqi"/>, Kunitzsch<ref name="Kunitzsch1961"/>, Danielle Adams<ref name="Adams2018"/>, Laffitte (2012<ref name="Laffitte2012"/>, 2025<ref name="Laffitte2025"/>), Urjuzat al-Kawākib<ref name="khalid2021urjuza"/>, Al-Ṯaqafī<ref name="thaqafi"/>, Al-Farāhīdī<ref name="farahidi"/>, Al-Ṣūfī 1954<ref name="sufi1954"/> Ideler 1809<ref name="ideler"/>, Schjellerup<ref name="Schjellerup"/>
 == Reference ==
@@ Line 240: / Line 249: @@
 ABŪL-ḤUSAYN ʿABDUR-RAḤMĀN AṢ-ṢŪFĪ. D. 376 A.H / 986 A.D., ''ṢUWARU'L-KAWĀKIB'', THE DAIRATU'L-MAʿARIFI'L-OSMANIA, Hyderabad - Deccan - INDIA, 1373 A.H./1954 A.D.</ref>
 <ref name="ideler">Ideler, Ludwig, ''Untersuchungen über den Ursprung und die Bedeutung der Sternnamen'',Berlin 1809</ref>
 }}

KhalidAlAjaji: /* Discussion */ added analysus of ibn Qutayba account

2026-06-12T05:30:24Z

Discussion: added analysus of ibn Qutayba account

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:30, 12 June 2026
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	===Discussion===		===Discussion===

			Ibn Qutayba says:

			“Al-Khibāʾ is below (Arabic: asfal) al-Ḥawḍ; stars arranged in a formation resembling the Southern tent.”

			There are no prominent stars in the vicinity of al-Ḥawḍ (υ, φ, θ, e, f UMa) that match the form of the Southern tent (γ, ε, β, δ Crv), except for the stars of the Square of Banāt Naʿsh (α, β, γ, δ UMa). These stars, however, are extremely well known, and if they had been called al-Ḫibāʾ, Ibn Qutaybah would have mentioned that. Therefore, it is necessary to examine what Ibn Qutaybah meant by his expression “below/ Arabic: asfal.” He uses this description more than ten times, for example:

			* al-Kaff al-Jadhmāʾ (λ, α, γ, δ, ξ², μ Cet), which is below al-Sharaṭayn (α, β Ari) (p. 32)
			* “Kursī al-Jawzāʾ,” four stars forming an irregular quadrilateral (α, β, δ, γ Lep), below al-Jawzāʾ (p. 48)
			* “al-Qubbah” (Corona Australis), which is below the Šawlat al-ʿaqrab (λ Sco) (p. 73)

			All these examples consistently indicate that “below” means beneath at the rising of these stars. Accordingly, al-Ḫibāʾ is below al-Ḥawḍ, which is only satisfied by the Square of Banāt Naʿsh. As for the other stars that lie below al-Ḥawḍ at its culmination or setting, they are faint—below fourth magnitude—except for δ Aur.

			As for al-Ṣūfī’s description of al-Ḫibāʾ, it is likely that he attempted to reconcile Ibn Qutaybah’s account with the actual appearance of the stars in the sky. Not finding a pattern similar to the Southern tent, he instead placed al-Ḫibāʾ as a region in the area of the constellations Camelopardalis and Lynx.

			This suggests that Ibn Qutayba, followed by al-Ṣūfī, transmitted a text in which an error occurred, substituting the word “al-Ḍibāʿ” (the hyenas) with “al-Ẓibāʾ” (the gazelles). Perhaps the description originally referred to a circular group of stars—intended to denote al-Fakkah (Corona Borealis)—which Ibn Qutayba then interpreted as al-Ḥawḍ. This is supported by al-Marzūqī’s version, which aligns with the actual sky. He transmitted the statement of Ibn al-Aʿrābī, who died about half a century before Ibn Qutayba:

			“Ibn al-Aʿrābī said: Below Banāt Naʿsh are many mingled stars called al-Ḍibāʿ. The ‘young of the hyenas’ are small stars to the right of al-Ḍibāʿ, between them and Banāt Naʿsh. He said: al-Ḫibāʾ consists of stars arranged in the form of a tent, below the ‘young of the hyenas.’”

			The position of this al-Ḫibāʾ (ζ, ε, π, η Her) lies beneath the circular stars of al-Fakkah (Corona Borealis).

			It is a notable coincidence that the al-Ḫibāʾ al-yamānī (γ, ε, β, δ Crv) lies near a circular group of stars—the circular stars of al-Maʿlaf (θ, ε, δ, γ, ζ, η Crt); that the al-Ḫibāʾ described by al-Marzūqī lies near the circular stars of al-Fakkah (Corona Borealis); and that the al-Ḫibāʾ mentioned by Ibn Qutayba lies near the circular stars of al-Ḥawḍ (υ, φ, θ, e, f UMa).

	====Image Variants, Transfer and Transformation====		====Image Variants, Transfer and Transformation====

KhalidAlAjaji at 03:22, 12 June 2026

2026-06-12T03:22:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:22, 12 June 2026
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	=====Ideler=====		=====Ideler=====

	Ideler identified ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' as the stars λ, μ, σ Aurigae (p. 90)<ref name="ideler"/>.		Ideler identified ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' as the stars λ, μ, σ Aurigae (p. 90)<ref name="ideler"/> based on al-Qazwīnī text (p. 383)<ref name="ideler" />.

	;German text<br />		;German text<br />

KhalidAlAjaji: added info about ibn al-Arabi

2026-06-12T03:17:33Z

added info about ibn al-Arabi

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:17, 12 June 2026
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	\|[[File:Northern Khiba al-sufi.jpg\|thumb\|center\|400px\|''Al-Ḫibāʾ'' region as described by al-Ṣūfī. Image produced by Stellarium. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).]]		\|[[File:Northern Khiba al-sufi.jpg\|thumb\|center\|400px\|''Al-Ḫibāʾ'' region as described by al-Ṣūfī. Image produced by Stellarium. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030)'''		\|'''Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030)''' (vol 2, p. 345)<ref name="marzuqi"/>

	~~Original Arabic~~ (~~vol 2, p~~. ~~345~~)~~<ref name="marzuqi"/>~~		The complete text describing the Northern Tent (al-Khibā' al-Shaāmī) on the authority of Ibn al-Aʿrabī (d. 230 H / 845) reads:

			;Original Arabic

	<p dir="rtl">وقال [ابن الأعرابي]: أسفل من بَنَاتِ نَعْشٍ كواكب كثيرة مختلطة يقال لها: الضِّبَاعُ. وأَوْلَادُ الضِّبَاعِ كواكب صغار، عن يمين الضِّبَاعِ، بينها وبين بَنَاتِ نَعْشٍ. قال: والخِبَاءُ كواكب في مثل هيئة الخِبَاءِ، أسفل من أَوْلَادِ الضِّبَاعِ.</p>		<p dir="rtl">وقال [ابن الأعرابي]: أسفل من بَنَاتِ نَعْشٍ كواكب كثيرة مختلطة يقال لها: الضِّبَاعُ. وأَوْلَادُ الضِّبَاعِ كواكب صغار، عن يمين الضِّبَاعِ، بينها وبين بَنَاتِ نَعْشٍ. قال: والخِبَاءُ كواكب في مثل هيئة الخِبَاءِ، أسفل من أَوْلَادِ الضِّبَاعِ.</p>

KhalidAlAjaji at 23:56, 10 June 2026

2026-06-10T23:56:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:56, 10 June 2026
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	File:Khiba ai generated.png\|Arabian ''Ḫibā''' tent. image inspired by [https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/pnp/matpc/01100/01108v.jpg a century old photo in Matson collection in Library of Congress]. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).		File:Khiba ai generated.png\|Arabian ''Ḫibā''' tent. image inspired by [https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/pnp/matpc/01100/01108v.jpg a century old photo in Matson collection in Library of Congress]. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).
	</gallery>		</gallery>
	The other is ''Saʿd al-AḪbiya'' (Arabic: سعد الأَخْبِيَة, "Auspice of Small Tents"), an asterism of four stars in Aquarius: three form a triangle, which is ''al-Ḫibā''' (the tent), and the fourth star inside the triangle is ''Saʿd'' (a man inside the tent). This description is given by Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī. Al-Ṣūfī said, description of Aquarius:<ref name="khalid2021sufi"/>		The other is ''Saʿd al-AḪbiya'' (Arabic: سعد الأَخْبِيَة, "Auspice of Small Tents"), an asterism of four stars in Aquarius: three form a triangle, which is ''al-Ḫibā''' (the tent), and the fourth star inside the triangle is ''Saʿd'' (a man inside the tent). This description is given by Ibn Qutayba, al-Marzūqī, and al-Ṣūfī. Al-Ṣūfī said (description of Aquarius)<ref name="khalid2021sufi"/>:

	<blockquote><p dir="rtl">سَعْدَ الأَخْبِيَةِ، وهو المنزل الخامس والعشرون من منازل القمر، سُمِّيَ بهذا الاسم لأنه من أربعة كواكب: ثلاثة منها على مثلث، وواحد في وسط المثلث وهو الحادي عشر، فجعلوا هذا الواحد سعدًا والثلاثة له بمنزلة الخباء.</p></blockquote>		<blockquote><p dir="rtl">سَعْدَ الأَخْبِيَةِ، وهو المنزل الخامس والعشرون من منازل القمر، سُمِّيَ بهذا الاسم لأنه من أربعة كواكب: ثلاثة منها على مثلث، وواحد في وسط المثلث وهو الحادي عشر، فجعلوا هذا الواحد سعدًا والثلاثة له بمنزلة الخباء.</p></blockquote>

KhalidAlAjaji at 23:54, 10 June 2026

2026-06-10T23:54:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:54, 10 June 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)'''		\|'''Ibn Qutayba (d. 276 H / 889)'''
	Original Arabic, p. 67<ref name="qutayba"/>		Original Arabic (p. 67)<ref name="qutayba"/>
	<p dir="rtl">وأولاد الظباء كواكب صغار، فيما بين الظباء والنفزات، وعن يمين نفزات الظباء كواكب مستديرة غير متقارنة، تسمّى: الحوض. والخباء أسفل من الحوض، كواكب في مثل هيئة الخباء اليمانية.</p>		<p dir="rtl">وأولاد الظباء كواكب صغار، فيما بين الظباء والنفزات، وعن يمين نفزات الظباء كواكب مستديرة غير متقارنة، تسمّى: الحوض. والخباء أسفل من الحوض، كواكب في مثل هيئة الخباء اليمانية.</p>

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	\|'''Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986)'''<ref name="khalid2021sufi"/>		\|'''Al-Ṣūfī (d. 376 H / 986)'''<ref name="khalid2021sufi"/>

	Original Arabic, description of Auriga		Original Arabic (description of Auriga)

	Original Arabic		Original Arabic
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	\|[[File:Northern Khiba al-sufi.jpg\|thumb\|center\|400px\|''Al-Ḫibāʾ'' region as described by al-Ṣūfī. Image produced by Stellarium. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).]]		\|[[File:Northern Khiba al-sufi.jpg\|thumb\|center\|400px\|''Al-Ḫibāʾ'' region as described by al-Ṣūfī. Image produced by Stellarium. (CC BY Khalid AlAjaji 2026).]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|'''Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030)'''~~<ref name="marzuqi"/>~~		\|'''Al-Marzūqī (d. 421 H / 1030)'''

	Original Arabic, vol 2, p. 345		Original Arabic (vol 2, p. 345)<ref name="marzuqi"/>

	<p dir="rtl">وقال [ابن الأعرابي]: أسفل من بَنَاتِ نَعْشٍ كواكب كثيرة مختلطة يقال لها: الضِّبَاعُ. وأَوْلَادُ الضِّبَاعِ كواكب صغار، عن يمين الضِّبَاعِ، بينها وبين بَنَاتِ نَعْشٍ. قال: والخِبَاءُ كواكب في مثل هيئة الخِبَاءِ، أسفل من أَوْلَادِ الضِّبَاعِ.</p>		<p dir="rtl">وقال [ابن الأعرابي]: أسفل من بَنَاتِ نَعْشٍ كواكب كثيرة مختلطة يقال لها: الضِّبَاعُ. وأَوْلَادُ الضِّبَاعِ كواكب صغار، عن يمين الضِّبَاعِ، بينها وبين بَنَاتِ نَعْشٍ. قال: والخِبَاءُ كواكب في مثل هيئة الخِبَاءِ، أسفل من أَوْلَادِ الضِّبَاعِ.</p>
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	=====Ideler=====		=====Ideler=====

	Ideler identified ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' as the stars λ, μ, σ Aurigae.<ref name="ideler"/> p. 90		Ideler identified ''al-Ḫibāʾ'' as the stars λ, μ, σ Aurigae (p. 90)<ref name="ideler"/>.

	;German text<br />		;German text<br />
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	;Discussion of Ideler identification<br />		;Discussion of Ideler identification<br />
	Ideler based his identification on al-Qazwīnī text<ref name="ideler"/> ~~p. 383~~, which reads:<br />		Ideler based his identification on al-Qazwīnī text (p. 383)<ref name="ideler"/>, which reads:<br />
	;Original Arabic<br />		;Original Arabic<br />
	وفي وسط الصورة كواكب تسميها العرب الخبا		وفي وسط الصورة كواكب تسميها العرب الخبا